Abstract：
BACKGROUND:To determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a new i.v. formulation of paracetamol (Perfalgan) in children ≤15 yr of age. METHODS:After obtaining written informed consent, children under 16 yr of age were recruited to this study. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 15, 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after administration of a weight-dependent dose of i.v. paracetamol. Paracetamol concentration was measured using a validated high-performance liquid chromatographic assay with ultraviolet detection method, with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 900 pg on column and an intra-day coefficient of variation of 14.3% at the LLOQ. Population PK analysis was performed by non-linear mixed-effect modelling using NONMEM. RESULTS:One hundred and fifty-nine blood samples from 33 children aged 1.8-15 yr, weight 13.7-56 kg, were analysed. Data were best described by a two-compartment model. Only body weight as a covariate significantly improved the goodness of fit of the model. The final population models for paracetamol clearance (CL), V(1) (central volume of distribution), Q (inter-compartmental clearance), and V(2) (peripheral volume of distribution) were: 16.51×(WT/70)(0.75), 28.4×(WT/70), 11.32×(WT/70)(0.75), and 13.26×(WT/70), respectively (CL, Q in litres per hour, WT in kilograms, and V(1) and V(2) in litres). CONCLUSIONS:In children aged 1.8-15 yr, the PK parameters for i.v. paracetamol were not influenced directly by age but were by total body weight and, using allometric size scaling, significantly affected the clearances (CL, Q) and volumes of distribution (V(1), V(2)).
journal_name
Br J Anaesthjournal_title
British journal of anaesthesiaauthors
Mohammed BS,Engelhardt T,Cameron GA,Cameron L,Hawksworth GM,Hawwa AF,McElnay J,Helms PJ,McLay JSdoi
10.1093/bja/aes025subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-05-01 00:00:00pages
823-9issue
5eissn
0007-0912issn
1471-6771pii
S0007-0912(17)32232-8journal_volume
108pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We studied psychomotor performance in 10 healthy volunteers during recovery after a target-controlled infusion of propofol. Choice reaction time, dual task tracking with secondary reaction time and a within-list recognition task were assessed at target blood propofol concentrations of 0.8, 0.4 and 0.2 microgram ml-1. ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/85.3.396
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of atracurium during major abdominal surgery was assessed in 20 infants with hepatic dysfunction caused by biliary atresia. An initial dose of 0.6 mg kg-1 provided excellent intubating conditions in all patients. Subsequent neuromuscular blockade was monitored with a peripheral nerve stimulator and incremental...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/58.11.1214
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of diazepam, which acts at GABAA receptors to enhance the effects of GABA, and ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, on local rates of cerebral glucose utilization (ICMRglc) were examined in unrestrained rats. Four groups were studied: vehicle-injected controls; and ketamine...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/82.4.596
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied 60 patients undergoing operation on the kidney with combined general and epidural anaesthesia, in a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Patients were allocated to receive a preoperative bolus dose of ketamine 10 mg i.v., followed by an i.v. infusion of ketamine 10 mg h-1 for 48 h after operation, or...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/81.5.707
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have undertaken a prospective, randomized study to determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting during intensive care stay after cardiac surgery, and to study the effect of addition of droperidol to an infusion of morphine used for postoperative analgesia. Data from 398 patients were examined. The u...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/77.3.356
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent research into memory formation under sedation has generated conflicting results. We investigated explicit and implicit memory in ICU patients during moderate to deep propofol sedation following cardiac surgery. METHODS:Two different methods of memory testing were used; (1). free-association (F-A) wor...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aeg274
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new anaesthetic gas scavenging system is described. The resistance of the system appears to be low. When input gas flow rate in the system was zero or 150 litre min-1, misuse of the system produced pressure changes at its collecting points of 26 Pa subatmospheric and 630 Pa above atmospheric pressure, respectively. ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/55.7.681
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A combination of exogenous surfactant and partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with perfluorocarbons should enhance gas exchange, improve respiratory mechanics and reduce tissue damage of the lung in acute lung injury (ALI). We used a small dose of exogenous surfactant with and without PLV in an experimental model of ALI ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/87.4.593
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the anaesthetic management of a male neonate with congenital cyst adenoid malformation (CCAM) of the lung who underwent thoracotomy for resection of CCAM 24 h after birth and again at 24 days. The initial operation involved a 10-day admission to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) requiring ventilation, ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/aei171
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have compared mivacurium and succinylcholine in 27 paediatric patients with mild (Child's A) to moderate (Child's B) liver disease undergoing oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) and injection of oesophageal varices, with 10 healthy children receiving mivacurium for ENT procedures. With mivacurium 0.2 mg kg-1, the sev...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/81.3.463
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical understanding of the dynamics of myocardial contraction is hampered by an over-simplified interpretation of the intramural pattern of force generation. This limits the anaesthetist's knowledge of the direct effects of commonly used anaesthetics. A discrimination between a negative inotropic effect and cha...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/60.suppl_1.2s
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A possible means of rapid cooling in the emergency treatment of malignant hyperpyrexia, peritoneal dialysis using a cold dialysate, is described. Experimental observations in a young man on a regular peritoneal dialysis regime showed that significant heat extraction can be obtained when either a cool (20 degrees C) or...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/48.5.469
更新日期：1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of the inhalation of 50% nitrous oxide on somatosensory evoked potentials during a fentanyl-oxygen anaesthetic technique for central nervous system surgery were evaluated. The latency and amplitude of the first cortical wave were obtained using conventional somatosensory techniques with median or posterior...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/57.9.849
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the elimination rate of nitrous oxide in 36 patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. They were allocated randomly to one of six groups which differed in time of nitrous oxide exposure and mode of ventilation. In order to simulate recovery conditions, nitrous oxide administration was discontinued after 30, 6...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/71.2.189
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred years after Morton's demonstration of the anaesthetic effects of ether, T. Cecil Gray revolutionized anaesthesia with his introduction of balanced general anaesthesia. Gray's technique involved i.v. induction, administration of a neuromuscular blocking agent (curare), tracheal intubation, controlled ventil...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aer117
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Improvement of postoperative pain and other perioperative outcomes remain a significant challenge and a matter of debate among perioperative clinicians. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of perioperative i.v. lidocaine infusion on postoperative pain and recovery in patients undergoing vario...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/aew101
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method for the assessment and management of factors both causing and maintaining a primary metabolic alkalosis is presented. During a 2-year period 65 patients with metabolic alkalosis were treated with saline and potassium chloride infusions. In four patients the alkalosis was refractory and required additional the...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/49.8.811
更新日期：1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Postoperative non-cardiac complication rates are as high as 11-28% after high-risk abdominal procedures. Emerging evidence indicates that postoperative cardiac troponin T elevations are associated with adverse outcome in non-cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between pos...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aev027
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Guidelines recommend discontinuation of clopidogrel for 7 days before a neuraxial injection, while other directives suggest that 5 days might be adequate. We examined the time course of antiplatelet activity after clopidogrel discontinuation in patients undergoing epidural injections. METHODS:Thirteen patie...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/aer298
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Temazepam elixir 30 mg by mouth was compared with i.v. Diazemuls titrated to a maximum dose of 20 mg in a double-blind study of 50 patients undergoing elective minor oral surgery. The treatments produced a similar reduction in anxiety score and similar degrees of patient relaxation and co-operation. The diazepam group...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/60.1.18
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Buprenorphine 0.3 mg or fentanyl 0.125 mg i.v. were used to supplement nitrous oxide anaesthesia in a double-blind investigation of 40 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Initially both narcotics appeared to suppress tachycardia and increased arterial pressure in response to surgery, but 80% of the patients w...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/52.4.453
更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to determine whether dextran, gelatin or hydroxyethyl starch-based colloidal resuscitation fluids (CRF) are inhibitory to T lymphocyte activation and mitogenesis in vitro. Isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors were activated with mitogen (PHA) and cultured in up to 50% v:v CR...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/81.2.242
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evidence for an association between hypertensive disease, elevated admission arterial pressure, and perioperative cardiac outcome is reviewed. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 observational studies demonstrated an odds ratio for the association between hypertensive disease and perioperative cardiac outc...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1093/bja/aeh091
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The trachea of a man who had cut his own throat was successfully intubated using a fibreoptic laryngoscope after attempts at conventional oral intubation had failed. The advantages of the fibreoptic instrument and the method of use in such an injury are discussed. ...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/50.5.511
更新日期：1978-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have measured the partial pressure of isoflurane simultaneously in inspired gas (PIiso), end-expired gas (PE'iso), mixed-expired gas (PEiso), arterial (Paiso) and mixed venous blood (Pviso) in six patients (aged 57-79 yr) anaesthetized with nitrous oxide, oxygen and isoflurane before surgery and after PE'iso had be...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/70.6.605
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three hundred and twenty adults (ASA grade I, both sexes), received diazepam 10 mg by mouth (50% received atropine 7 micrograms kg-1 in addition) i.m. 45 min before operation. Patients were then allocated randomly to undergo general anaesthesia with either a nitrous oxide-neurolept technique or nitrous oxide-halothane...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/62.2.194
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intra-oral masses in neonates can seriously compromise the airway, potentially causing hypoxia and death if not recognized and managed appropriately. We report a case in which an intra-oral mass was diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound scan. Preparation for delivery involved a multidisciplinary team approach, with a stra...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/83.6.951
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Relative humidity of air produced by simple compressors used to drive ventilators was measured at different working pressures. At normal working pressures, a relative humidity of 100% was found and condensation occurred, mainly at the high pressure air/oxygen mixer valve. This resulted in blockages and loss of accurac...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/53.5.549
更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effects of anaesthesia on dynamic nitric oxide production, concentrations of tetrahydrobiopterin and the accumulation of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in the rat central nervous system (CNS). Rats were assigned to anaesthesia with halothane, isoflurane, pentobarbital, diazepam, ketamine or xenon (n=6 per group...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/bja/86.3.388
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Tapentadol is an analgesic agent for treatment of acute and chronic pain that activates the µ-opioid receptor combined with inhibition of neuronal norepinephrine reuptake. Both mechanisms are implicated in activation of descending inhibitory pain pathways. In this study, we investigated the influence of tape...
journal_title：British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1093/bja/aeu056
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
