Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and especially its inflammatory variant nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have become a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide because of the increasing prevalence of its major risk factors obesity and type 2 diabetes, which are closely linked to overeating, physical inactivity, and the metabolic syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS:Between 10 and 20% of patients with NAFL develop NASH, which can progress to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The overall mortality in these patients is significantly increased because of both cardiovascular and liver-related complications. Sustained weight loss by diet and exercise, which is the most effective therapeutic measure, is only achieved by a minority of patients, having led to a great yet unmet need for medical therapies of NASH. SUMMARY:Pharmacological therapies should target the underlying pathophysiology that involves insulin resistance, enhanced peripheral lipolysis and release of free fatty acids, oxidative stress, accumulation of toxic lipids, adipose tissue inflammation, sensitization of hepatocytes toward apoptotic cell death, and fibrogenesis. However, pharmacological therapy that is well tolerated, cost-effective, and poses an acceptable risk-to-benefit ratio has still to be identified. This review summarizes the current and promising treatment options and their implications for future research and clinical practice.
journal_name
Curr Opin Lipidoljournal_title
Current opinion in lipidologyauthors
Schattenberg JM,Schuppan Ddoi
10.1097/MOL.0b013e32834c7cfcsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
479-88issue
6eissn
0957-9672issn
1473-6535journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss recent advances in the understanding of the physiological role of lipoprotein lipase in lipid and energy metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS:Studies on the transcriptional and the posttranscriptional level of lipoprotein lipase expression have provided new i...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-200210000-00002
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism and regulation of the degradation of cholesterol into bile acids has attracted increased interest, in particular after the recent discovery that nuclear receptors (farnesoid X receptor and liver X receptor) are involved in the regulation of bile acid synthesis. Recently, it has also been shown that the b...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-200104000-00002
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:mAbs targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) have the potential to become groundbreaking therapies for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. However, one major drawback of mAb-based therapy for a chronic condition like dyslipidemia is its relatively high cost. This review summ...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000312
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Inherited lipodystrophies are rare autosomal recessive and dominant disorders characterized by selective, but variable, loss of adipose tissue. Marked hypertriglyceridemia is a common feature of these disorders and highlights the role of adipose tissue in lipid homeostasis. In the last decade, advance...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e32832d4a33
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Randomized clinical trials provide strong evidence that pharmacological elevation of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) fails to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in statin-treated humans. It is thus critical to identify new metrics that capture HDL's cardioprotective effects. RECENT FINDINGS:We review r...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000209
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Bile acid sequestrants (BAS) have been used for more than 50 years in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. The last decade, bile acids are emerging as integrated regulators of metabolism via induction of various signal transduction pathways. Consequently, BAS treatment may exert unexpected side-effe...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e32834f0ef3
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::HDL protects LDL from oxidative damage known to contribute to the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. This antioxidant protection by HDL is mediated by intrinsic hydrolytic enzyme systems, by accelerated selective uptake of lipid peroxides from HDL and by antioxidant molecules. Oxidative damage suffered by HDL a...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-199606000-00005
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initial step of reverse cholesterol transport, the efflux of cell cholesterol into the extracellular fluid, has received much attention over the past year. Some studies have provided insights into the mechanism of cholesterol efflux and others have focused on the identity of the extracellular acceptors of cell cho...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-199604000-00006
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:It is well recognized that adipose tissue in obesity is characterized by macrophage accumulation and local inflammation. This review summarizes current evidence regarding dietary cholesterol on adipose tissue macrophage accrual, systemic inflammation and its potential link to atherosclerosis. RECENT ...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e32831bef8b
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Alterations in the gut microbiome composition or function are associated with risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Based on recent evidence that also oral medications used to treat these conditions could alter the gut microbiome compositi...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000727
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The discovery of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and ezetimibe, a drug that lowers intestinal cholesterol absorption, has contributed to the recognition of the intestine as an important organ in whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Unfortunately, the majority of the studies on NPC1L1 have been conducte...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283468c28
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plasminogen and coagulation systems have been extensively characterized at the biochemical level. Recent gene targeting and gene transfer studies have provided novel insights into their role in the formation of blood vessels and in the pathogenesis of blood vessel disorders including thrombosis, restenosis and ath...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-199704000-00010
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article provides recent insights on the early onset of atherosclerosis in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and reports on novel treatment options as well as on the consequences of long-term statin use in childhood. RECENT FINDINGS:Children with familial hypercholesterolemia have greate...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000177
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Isomeric fatty acids have the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms, but may have distinct metabolic and health effects. Two well-known examples of isomeric fatty acids are cis and trans monounsaturated fatty acids, and conjugated isomers of linoleic acid (CLA). The purpose of this review is to sum...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-200502000-00006
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although the role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating multiple physiological processes including apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cancer is well established, the importance of these tiny RNAs in regulating lipid metabolism has only recently been uncovered. This review summarizes the evidence for ...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283428d9d
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review describes recent advances that have been made in the separation of HDL subfractions by physicochemical and immunological methods and the relationship between the particles obtained by the different procedures. The metabolic interconversions that occur as a result of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-199405030-00013
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Several mutations in the apolipoprotein (apo) B, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein genes result in low or absent levels of apoB and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma which cause familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) and abetalipoproteinemia...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000663
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize the recent studies directly comparing LDL and lipoprotein(a) as causal factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS:In approximately 100,000 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study for risk of myocardial infarction, in observational analyses per 39 m...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000681
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipid-poor apolipoproteins remove cellular cholesterol and phospholipids by an active transport pathway controlled by an ATP binding cassette transporter called ABCA1 (formerly ABC1). Mutations in ABCA1 cause Tangier disease, a severe HDL deficiency syndrome characterized by a rapid turnover of plasma apolipoprotein A...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-200006000-00005
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The VLDL receptor (VLDLR) is a member of the LDL receptor family. The VLDLR was hypothesized to mediate fatty acid entry into peripheral tissues, on the basis of its expression in tissues that are active in fatty acid metabolism and its capacity to bind apolipoprotein-E-rich VLDL in vitro. This hypothesis initially pr...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-200106000-00006
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We review stable isotope tracer studies of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) kinetics concerning genetic polymorphisms and mutations that affect human lipoprotein metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS:In obese men, the allelic combination of the apoB signal peptide, SP24, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein, CETP...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283378e5a
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidatively damaged LDL may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Several pathways promote LDL oxidation in vitro but the physiologically relevant mechanisms have proven difficult to identify. Detection of stable compounds that result from specific reaction pathways has provided...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-199710000-00005
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses recent progress in the role of ATP-binding cassette proteins ABCG5 and G8 in dietary sterol absorption, excretion and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Identification of the genetic defect(s) underlying sitosterolemia has led to a renewed interest in the me...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mol.0000083763.66245.18
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In recent years, many of the concerns surrounding the glycemic index have been addressed by methodological studies and clinical trials comparing diets carefully matched for other nutrients. These findings are reviewed together with new observational evidence for the role of the dietary glycemic index ...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e32834ec705
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review provides an overview of newly described mechanisms by which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (α, γ, and δ) regulate several factors associated with cardiovascular risk. RECENT FINDINGS:PPAR agonists have known effects on plasma lipoprotein levels, inflammation, and insu...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283613a7d
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Endocannabinoids are defined as endogenous agonists of cannabinoid receptors, that is, of the two G-protein-coupled receptors for the Cannabis psychoactive principle Delta-tetra-hydrocannabinol. Two such endogenous mediators have been most thoroughly studied so far: anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycer...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e32803dbdec
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Despite their pathophysiological importance, the molecular mechanisms and enzymatic components of lipid mobilization from intracellular storage compartments are insufficiently understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of hormone-sensitive lipase in this process. RECENT FINDINGS:Hormo...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041433-200306000-00009
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Chronic consumption of fructose and fructose-containing sugars leads to dyslipidemia. Apolipoprotein (apo) CIII is strongly associated with elevated levels of triglycerides and cardiovascular disease risk. We reviewed the effects of fructose consumption on apoCIII levels and the role of apoCIII in fru...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000653
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review will provide an update on the structure of GPIHBP1, a 28-kDa glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein, and its role in the lipolytic processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. RECENT FINDINGS:Gpihbp1 knockout mice on a chow diet have milky plasma and plasma triglyceride level...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e32832ac026
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Fibrates continue to be a viable treatment option for mixed atherogenic dyslipidemia, and recent reports from clinical studies have shed new light on the therapeutic utility of fibrates for the prevention of microvascular and macrovascular disease, especially in combination with statins. RECENT FINDI...
journal_title:Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e32834701c3
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00