Abstract：
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and especially its inflammatory variant nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have become a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide because of the increasing prevalence of its major risk factors obesity and type 2 diabetes, which are closely linked to overeating, physical inactivity, and the metabolic syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS:Between 10 and 20% of patients with NAFL develop NASH, which can progress to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The overall mortality in these patients is significantly increased because of both cardiovascular and liver-related complications. Sustained weight loss by diet and exercise, which is the most effective therapeutic measure, is only achieved by a minority of patients, having led to a great yet unmet need for medical therapies of NASH. SUMMARY:Pharmacological therapies should target the underlying pathophysiology that involves insulin resistance, enhanced peripheral lipolysis and release of free fatty acids, oxidative stress, accumulation of toxic lipids, adipose tissue inflammation, sensitization of hepatocytes toward apoptotic cell death, and fibrogenesis. However, pharmacological therapy that is well tolerated, cost-effective, and poses an acceptable risk-to-benefit ratio has still to be identified. This review summarizes the current and promising treatment options and their implications for future research and clinical practice.
journal_name
Curr Opin Lipidoljournal_title
Current opinion in lipidologyauthors
Schattenberg JM,Schuppan Ddoi
10.1097/MOL.0b013e32834c7cfcsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-12-01 00:00:00pages
479-88issue
6eissn
0957-9672issn
1473-6535journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Lowering LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) reduces vascular risk. Current guidelines recommend initiating statin therapy in patients with a yearly coronary heart disease risk of around 1.5-2%, and most clinicians prescribe standard statin regimens (e.g. 40 mg simvastatin daily). However, there is some uncertain...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283556c1b
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conjugated linoleic acid is a collective name for mixtures of several positional and geometric conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid, which have been shown to impact favorably on several biological processes, particularly carcinogenesis. Recent studies have clearly established that the c9, t11 and t10, c12 isome...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00041433-200102000-00006
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although the role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating multiple physiological processes including apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cancer is well established, the importance of these tiny RNAs in regulating lipid metabolism has only recently been uncovered. This review summarizes the evidence for ...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283428d9d
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The discovery of Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and ezetimibe, a drug that lowers intestinal cholesterol absorption, has contributed to the recognition of the intestine as an important organ in whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Unfortunately, the majority of the studies on NPC1L1 have been conducte...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283468c28
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review provides a concise update of the involvement of endothelial adhesion molecules in atherogenesis, an overview of current advances in the development of adhesion molecule blocking agents, as well as an insight into the potential of these molecules in cardiovascular therapy. RECENT FINDINGS:...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00041433-200410000-00008
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:It is well accepted that LDLs and its modified form oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL) play a major role in the development of atherosclerosis and foam cell formation. Whereas the majority of these cells have been demonstrated to be derived from macrophages, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) give rise to a significant nu...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0000000000000113
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The inverse relationship between HDL and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations and the risk for premature atherosclerosis is well established, but the mechanism whereby apolipoprotein A-I offers protection is still somewhat elusive. Recent studies suggest that a specific subpopulation within the lipoprotein (AI) subclass ...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00041433-199410000-00007
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipid-poor apolipoproteins remove cellular cholesterol and phospholipids by an active transport pathway controlled by an ATP binding cassette transporter called ABCA1 (formerly ABC1). Mutations in ABCA1 cause Tangier disease, a severe HDL deficiency syndrome characterized by a rapid turnover of plasma apolipoprotein A...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00041433-200006000-00005
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Randomized clinical trials provide strong evidence that pharmacological elevation of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) fails to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in statin-treated humans. It is thus critical to identify new metrics that capture HDL's cardioprotective effects. RECENT FINDINGS:We review r...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0000000000000209
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The metabolic syndrome has been emphasized as affecting an important subset of individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease leading the National Cholesterol Educational Program Adult Treatment Panel III in highlighting awareness of insulin-resistance syndrome. Insulin resistance is thought to b...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/01.mol.0000174401.07056.56
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Substantial risk of ASCVD events persists despite intensive statin therapy and other agents to lower LDL-C. The optimal way to address other elements of dyslipidemia, such as triglyceride-rich particles (TRL) and when to treat has remained unclear. RECENT FINDINGS:Several lines of evidence indicate t...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MOL.0000000000000694
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review addresses how, in atherosclerosis or systemic inflammation, HDL can lose its usual atheroprotective characteristics and even paradoxically assume proinflammatory properties. RECENT FINDINGS:Specific chemical and structural changes within HDL particles can impede reverse cholesterol transp...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0b013e3282364a17
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Most LDL-lowering trials are limited in duration while the disease process occurs over decades. It is informative, therefore, to evaluate the long-term effects of treatment by undertaking extended observation beyond the formal double-blind phase of intervention studies. The current review brings toget...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0000000000000230
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis is a complex interplay of a multitude of metabolic pathways situated in different organs. The liver plays a central role and has received most attention of the research community. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the understanding of the emerging role...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283395e45
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Cardiovascular risk scoring is incorporated in guidelines and recommended for targeting preventive treatment. Evidence is required on the most appropriate method, its accuracy in a given population, and its effectiveness in favourably influencing clinical behaviour and health outcomes. RECENT FINDING...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/01.mol.0000236362.56216.44
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The inhibiting effect of insulin on the mobilization of free fatty acids (FFA) from adipose tissue is halted in prevalent conditions with systemic insulin resistance. The nature and cause of this perturbation are unknown, but steroid hormones may be involved. The consequence is the creation or amplification of insulin...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00041433-199405030-00003
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Endocannabinoids are defined as endogenous agonists of cannabinoid receptors, that is, of the two G-protein-coupled receptors for the Cannabis psychoactive principle Delta-tetra-hydrocannabinol. Two such endogenous mediators have been most thoroughly studied so far: anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycer...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0b013e32803dbdec
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atherosclerotic macrovascular disease is the leading cause of both morbidity and mortality in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Endothelial dysfunction is a key, early and potentially reversible event in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Its occurrence in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is well supported...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00041433-199910000-00002
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To provide an update on clinical trials of gene therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease published since 1 August 2001 and summarize the general advantages and potential problems of gene transfer in these disorders. RECENT FINDINGS:There are two major areas in which gene therapy has entered...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00041433-200212000-00009
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Adipose tissue is an essential, highly dynamic and metabolically active tissue that vigorously communicates to support its primary function: the storage of lipids. It performs this function to secure energy supply and prevent lipotoxicity. Adipose tissue is essential for maintaining a healthy glucose ...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0b013e3282f39f95
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The new risk-based guidelines on blood cholesterol treatment from the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association reflect the now widespread international agreement that lipid-lowering treatment decisions should be based primarily on individuals' predicted cardiovascular disease ...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0000000000000089
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize the recent studies directly comparing LDL and lipoprotein(a) as causal factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS:In approximately 100,000 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study for risk of myocardial infarction, in observational analyses per 39 m...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/MOL.0000000000000681
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Use of suitable animal models is essential for investigation of the mechanisms underlying cardiac events and development of the therapeutic strategies; however, ideal animal models that can recapitulate human coronary atherosclerosis and subsequent acute myocardial infarction are still lacking. In thi...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 社论,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283189c18
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Dyslipidaemias are a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD); in particular, high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) have been associated to a higher cardiovascular risk. Reducing LDL-C levels decreases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), and the greater the LDL-C r...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0000000000000459
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Hepatic steatosis is a leading cause of adult and paediatric liver disease and is inextricably linked to obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Here we summarize our current understanding of the role of the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) in hepatic steato...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/mol.0b013e328338ca61
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and it has overlapping pathogenesis with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Reviewed here are recent advances in understanding the contribution of diet and selected nutrients to NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS:To und...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0000000000000043
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the most common complication of diabetes. Recent guidelines in the USA have underlined the importance of treating lipid abnormalities in people with diabetes in order to reduce the risk of this complication. Should lifestyle approaches not be sufficient drugs will need to be a...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00041433-200112000-00003
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The initial step of reverse cholesterol transport, the efflux of cell cholesterol into the extracellular fluid, has received much attention over the past year. Some studies have provided insights into the mechanism of cholesterol efflux and others have focused on the identity of the extracellular acceptors of cell cho...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00041433-199604000-00006
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The association of dietary intake and fatty liver disease (FLD) is of importance for disease prevention. Dietary pattern analysis enables the investigation of overall diet and permits to take interactions and cumulative effects of dietary components into account. This review summarizes recent findings...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/MOL.0000000000000141
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha, beta/delta and gamma are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. They mediate the effects of fatty acids and their derivatives at the transcriptional level, and are considered to be lipid sensors that participate in the regulation of energy homeo...
journal_title：Current opinion in lipidology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00041433-200304000-00003
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
