Model system to study the influence of aggregation on the hemolytic potential of silica nanoparticles.

abstract：:Hemoglobin adducts have been used to assess exposure to carcinogenic compounds in tobacco smoke. However, because of background levels in nonsmokers, most adducts that have been studied are not useful for monitoring low-level exposure. Bergmark [(1997) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 10, 78-84] showed that the level of adducts of...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pérez HL,Segerbäck D,Osterman-Golkar S

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously reported that the diuretic thiosteroid spironolactone (SPL) inactivates rat liver microsomal cytochromes P450 [P450 (P450 3A and P450 2C11)] in a in a mechanism-based fashion, and we have identified two polar SPL metabolites (SPL-sulfinic acid and -sulfonic acid), formed in a partition ratio of appr...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Decker CJ,Cashman JR,Sugiyama K,Maltby D,Correia MA

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be produced during normal aerobic metabolism, can induce the formation of tandem DNA lesions, including 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (cyclo-dA) and 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine (cyclo-dG). Previous studies have shown that cyclo-dA and cyclo-dG accumulate in cells and can block ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Swanson AL,Wang J,Wang Y

更新日期：2012-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolism of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) was investigated in five human volunteers given a dietary equivalent of 14C-labeled MeIQx. The amount of the dose excreted in urine ranged from 20.2% to 58.6%, with unmetabolized MeIQx accounting for 0.7-2.8% of the dose. Five principal metabolite...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Turesky RJ,Garner RC,Welti DH,Richoz J,Leveson SH,Dingley KH,Turteltaub KW,Fay LB

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The group of perylene quinone-type Alternaria toxins contains several congeners with epoxide groups, for example, altertoxin II (ATX II) and stemphyltoxin III (STTX III). Recent studies in our laboratory have disclosed that the epoxide moieties of ATX II and STTX III are reduced to alcohols in human colon Caco-2 cells...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Fleck SC,Pfeiffer E,Podlech J,Metzler M

更新日期：2014-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:β-Lapachone (β-lap) is a promising antitumoral agent. DNA base oxidation and alkylation are among the expected damages by β-lap. Herein, we have explored the role that the homologous recombination pathway (HR), a critical DNA repair process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has in the cytotoxic profile of β-lap. We have fu...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Quevedo O,García-Luis J,Lorenzo-Castrillejo I,Machín F

更新日期：2011-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Methyleugenol (ME), an alkenylbenzene compound, is a natural ingredient of several herbs and is used as flavoring agent in foodstuffs and fragrance in cosmetics. The hepatotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and carcinogenesis of ME have been well documented, and metabolic activation has been suggested to involve in ME-induced to...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Feng Y,Wang H,Wang Q,Huang W,Peng Y,Zheng J

更新日期：2017-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was conducted to investigate the protein adducts with pesticides in a cohort of 172 factory workers that were exposed to a mixture of pesticides. The 35 samples showing considerable variation in biochemical parameters, i.e., butyrylcholinestrase (BChE), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glut...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Rehman T,Khan MM,Shad MA,Hussain M,Oyler BL,Goo YA,Goodlett DR

更新日期：2016-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Platinum group metals (PGMs) is a group of metals that include platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium. Occupational respiratory exposure to platinum has been reported since 1945, but studies investigating occupational exposure to palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium are scarce. This...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Linde SJL,Franken A,du Plessis JL

更新日期：2017-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 toxin, which is produced by fungi of the Fusarium species, is a worldwide occurring contaminant of cereal based food and feed. The cytotoxic properties of T-2 toxin are already well described with apoptosis being a major mechanism of action in various cell lines as well as in primary ce...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Weidner M,Lenczyk M,Schwerdt G,Gekle M,Humpf HU

更新日期：2013-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrazyl radical intermediates have been suggested as important intermediates in the biochemistry of hydrazides and hydrazines. Although spin-trapping studies have intercepted those species previously, there has been no report of the direct observation of the unstable hydrazyl radicals of isoniazid and iproniazid. We ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sipe HJ Jr,Jaszewski AR,Mason RP

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:p,p'-DDE, the main metabolite of DDT, is notorious for its persistent and bioaccumulation. It has detrimental effects on the nervous system, while the mechanism is unclear. We sought to investigate the mechanism of p,p'-DDE-induced neurocytic apoptosis in PC12 cells by cytoflow and screen the potential target gene by ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wang C,Zhang Q,Qian Y,Zhao M

更新日期：2014-04-21 00:00:00

abstract：:By using a combination of biochemical methods (i.e., endoglycosidase H digestion and immunoblot and plant lectin binding studies), it was verified that pig flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO1) was N-glycosylated. By using mass spectrometry approaches [i.e., peptide mapping, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, micr...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Korsmeyer KK,Guan S,Yang ZC,Falick AM,Ziegler DM,Cashman JR

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ToxCast EPA challenge was managed by TopCoder in Spring 2014. The goal of the challenge was to develop a model to predict the lowest effect level (LEL) concentration based on in vitro measurements and calculated in silico descriptors. This article summarizes the computational steps used to develop the Rank-I model...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Novotarskyi S,Abdelaziz A,Sushko Y,Körner R,Vogt J,Tetko IV

更新日期：2016-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Smokeless tobacco products, such as moist snuff or chewing tobacco, contain many of the same carcinogens as tobacco smoke; however, the impact on children of indirect exposure to tobacco constituents via parental smokeless tobacco use is unknown. As part of the California Childhood Leukemia Study, dust samples were co...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Whitehead TP,Havel C,Metayer C,Benowitz NL,Jacob P 3rd

更新日期：2015-05-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Nevirapine (NVP) treatment is associated with a significant incidence of skin rash in humans, and it also causes a similar immune-mediated skin rash in Brown Norway (BN) rats. We have shown that the sulfate of a major oxidative metabolite, 12-OH-NVP, covalently binds in the skin. The fact that the sulfate metabolite i...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sharma AM,Novalen M,Tanino T,Uetrecht JP

更新日期：2013-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, has demonstrated promising pharmacologic activities. The alkaloid has a great potential for clinical use, so a careful, thorough toxicity evaluation of the alkaloid is required. In the present study, 24 h acute toxicity of tetrandrine was evaluated in CD-1 mice. Single in...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jin H,Li L,Zhong D,Liu J,Chen X,Zheng J

更新日期：2011-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The Salmonella typhimurium (TA100) mutagenic compound, mucochloric acid [3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MCA)], was inactivated by in vitro N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The reaction of MCA with NAC at pH7 was second order and gave products 4, 5, and 6a that resulted from the displacement of chlorine from C-3 or C-4 ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： LaLonde RT,Xie S

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have reported [Correia et al. (1987) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 258, 436-443] that administration of 3,5-dicarbethoxy-4-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine (DDEP) to untreated, phenobarbital (PB) pretreated, or dexamethasone (DEX) pretreated rats results in relatively selective inactivation of cytochrome P-450 (P-4...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sugiyama K,Yao K,Rettie AE,Correia MA

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thioredoxin reductase (TR), an NADPH-dependent flavoenzyme that catalyzes the reduction of many disulfide-containing substrates, plays an important role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Trivalent arsenicals, especially methyl As that contains trivalent arsenic (MAs(III)), are potent noncompetitive inhibit...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lin S,Del Razo LM,Styblo M,Wang C,Cullen WR,Thomas DJ

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent guidance on "Safety Testing of Drug Metabolites" issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) has highlighted the importance of identifying and characterizing drug metabolites as early as possible in drug discovery and development. Furthermore, upon identif...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Vishwanathan K,Babalola K,Wang J,Espina R,Yu L,Adedoyin A,Talaat R,Mutlib A,Scatina J

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:So far, there is limited information on biotransformation mechanisms and products of polar contaminants in freshwater crustaceans. In the present study, metabolites of biocides and pharmaceuticals formed in Gammarus pulex and Daphnia magna were identified using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jeon J,Kurth D,Hollender J

更新日期：2013-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism of aromatic hydroxylation of estrogens by cytochrome P450 enzymes has been examined by comparing the oxidation of estrone with that of substrates carrying additional aromaticity such as equilenin and the structural analog 2-naphthol. Hamster liver microsomes preferentially catalyzed the conversion of est...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sarabia SF,Zhu BT,Kurosawa T,Tohma M,Liehr JG

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolism of genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone), a phytoestrogen derived from soy products, was investigated using rat and human liver microsomes and recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Metabolism of genistein by microsomes obtained from rats treated with pyridine, phenobarbital, beta-naphthoflavone, ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Roberts-Kirchhoff ES,Crowley JR,Hollenberg PF,Kim H

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was designed to distinguish and evaluate the contribution of reactive metabolite and reactive oxygen species as the mechanism of metabolism-dependent valproic acid-induced in vitro cytotoxicity. The involvement of reactive oxygen species in the mechanism of in vitro cytotoxicity was examined by the addition...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Tabatabaei AR,Thies RL,Abbott FS

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study describes a novel integrated approach for rapid analysis of reactive metabolites with a linear ion trap mass spectrometer (LTQ). In this approach, an isotope pattern-dependent scanning method was applied to the data acquisition of glutathione (GSH)-trapped reactive metabolites. Recorded full-scan MS ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Ma L,Wen B,Ruan Q,Zhu M

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) end points are important hazard end points that need to be addressed in the risk assessment of chemicals to determine whether or not they are the critical effects in the overall risk assessment. These hazard end points are difficult to predict using current in silico tool...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wu S,Fisher J,Naciff J,Laufersweiler M,Lester C,Daston G,Blackburn K

更新日期：2013-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions due to the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac have been proposed to be caused by the generation of reactive acyl glucuronides and oxidative metabolites. For the oxidative metabolism of diclofenac by cytochromes P450 at least five different reactive intermediates have been proposed p...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dragovic S,Boerma JS,Vermeulen NP,Commandeur JN

更新日期：2013-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A new method was developed to quantify the levels of 1,3-butadiene (BD), butadiene monoxide (BDO), and butadiene diepoxide (BDO2) in blood. The method was based on vacuum distillation of tissues followed by analysis of the distillates using multidimensional GC/MS. Metabolites isolated from blood by vacuum distillation...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Bechtold WE,Strunk MR,Thornton-Manning JR,Henderson RF

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study addresses the detection and characterization of the modification of human serum albumin (HSA) by amoxicillin (AX) in ex vivo samples from healthy subjects under oral amoxicillin administration (acute intake of 1 g every 8 h for 48 h). To reach this goal, we used an analytical strategy based on targeted and ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Garzon D,Ariza A,Regazzoni L,Clerici R,Altomare A,Sirtori FR,Carini M,Torres MJ,Pérez-Sala D,Aldini G

更新日期：2014-09-15 00:00:00