Abstract:
:Diclofenac has recently been identified as a cause of the widespread vulture decline on the Indian subcontinent. Although the clinical signs and pathology have been described, the pathophysiology of toxicity remains unexplained. In the following study we attempt to validate the domestic fowl as a model, to allow for the further characterisation of diclofenac's mechanism of toxicity. In a lethal dose study, diclofenac was shown to have an approximate intramuscular LD(50) of 9.8mg/kg in 18-week old layers. Signs of toxicity in the affected birds were severe depression that persisted from 24h post-dosing to death with corresponding increased plasma uric acid concentrations. Post-mortem examinations showed signs of gout with deposits of urates (tophi) in the kidneys, liver, heart and spleen. The pharmacokinetics after both the intramuscular and oral route showed that diclofenac had a short half-life of elimination of approximately 1h, a volume of distribution of 0.09-0.24l/kg and relative oral bioavailability of 50% compared to intramuscular administration. With the similarity in the clinical signs, necropsy findings, histopatological lesions and clinical pathological changes, the fowl may be used in further studies to characterise the mechanism of toxicity of diclofenac. However, due to the large difference in susceptibility of the fowl, it is not a suitable model to simulate the dose-response relationship of the vulture to the other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
journal_name
Environ Toxicol Pharmacoljournal_title
Environmental toxicology and pharmacologyauthors
Naidoo V,Duncan N,Bekker L,Swan Gdoi
10.1016/j.etap.2007.06.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-11-01 00:00:00pages
260-6issue
3eissn
1382-6689issn
1872-7077pii
S1382-6689(07)00084-1journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A thiamine deficiency disease termed M74 syndrome affects the yolk-sac fry of wild and feral Baltic salmon. However, very little is known about the pharmacokinetics of thiamine in salmon. This study examined the pharmacokinetics of thiamine hydrochloride injected intraperitoneally into feral and farmed Baltic salmon f...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2004.06.001
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genistein receives much attention because of its potential to prevent hormone-related cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Limited information is available on the pharmacokinetics of this compound like, for instance, their intestinal uptake by humans and systematic bioavailability. In this study, the fate of the absorp...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2004.03.008
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Roundup Original® is an herbicide widely used in Mato Grosso's agriculture and it may contamine water bodies, being an unforeseen xenobiotic to aquatic organisms, particularly fish. This study investigated the effects on the hybrid fish jundiara (Leiarius marmoratus×Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) of an environmentally ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2017.09.019
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crops produced through genetic modification are beginning to reach the market and many genetically-modified crops are under development. Since genetic modification results in the introduction of new proteins into the food plant the safety of the newly introduced proteins must be assessed. The potential allergenicity o...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1382-6689(97)10052-7
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In some areas of China, citreoviridin (CIT) is considered one of the risk factors for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Apoptosis of endothelial cell may induce vascular endothelium injury and atherosclerosis, which result in CVD probably. In this study, we investigated the effect of CIT on apoptosis and pr...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2014.02.016
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Permethrin and deltamethrin are insecticides used all over the world in agriculture to control pests. The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of subcutaneous permethrin and/or deltamethrin treatments on erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes activity in rats of different sex. The results obtained show that permeth...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2010.04.005
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrocardiogram and arterial pressure measurements were studied under acute exposures to WIFI (2.45GHz) during one hour in adult male rabbits. Antennas of WIFI were placed at 25cm at the right side near the heart. Acute exposure of rabbits to WIFI increased heart frequency (+22%) and arterial blood pressure (+14%). ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2015.08.015
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai (PB) is one of the most favored edible greens grown in Asian regions. In our previously study, we found PB extract had antioxidant effects in vitro. In the present study, an EtOAc soluble extract (PBet) was isolated from PB. Then the antioxidant properties at cellular level, phytoch...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2012.05.015
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this work was to evaluate the induction of protoporphyrins IX (PpIX) activity and superoxide anions (SO) in human leukocytes exposed to anthracene (ANT) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P). The leukocyte LC(50)s for both hydrocarbons and the PpIX accumulation and SO overproduction were measured. The LC(50)s were 0.3...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2008.05.002
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to investigate potential toxic effects of chrysene (CHR) on mature scallop Chlamys farreri during the reproduction period, using indicators of antioxidant defences and oxidative stress. Scallops were exposed to 0.2, 0.8 and 3.2μg/L waterborne CHR for 21 days, at day 10 scallops were induced to spawn. A...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2016.04.001
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the toxic effects of dietary overload lithium on the adipogenesis in adipose tissue of chicken and the role of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) in this process, one-day-old male chicks were fed with the basal diet added with 0 (control) or 100mg lithium/kg diet from lithium chloride (overload lithium) ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2016.12.012
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlorinated derivatives of bisphenol A (ClBPAs) have been detected in wastewater from waste paper recycling plants. BPA and ClBPAs are always exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the environment and consequently various photoproducts might be produced. Acute cytotoxicity of photoproducts of BPA and ClBPAs are not ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2005.09.005
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead (Pb) is recognized as a potent inducer of synaptic toxicity generally associated with reduced synaptic transmission and increased neuronal fiber excitability, becoming an environmental risk for neurodegenerative processes. Despite numerous toxicological studies on Pb have been directed to the developing brain, at...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2020.103350
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The features of organophosphate-induced brain injuries were investigated. Rats were poisoned intraperitoneally with 9 mg/kg (1.8 LD(50)) of diisopropylfluorophosphate. Pyridostigmine bromide (0.1 mg/kg) and atropine methylnitrate (20 mg/kg), which are centrally inactive, were pre-treated intramuscularly to reduce the ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1382-6689(99)00006-x
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serious bacterial pathogens have recently become a major cause of massive mortality in swimming crabs (Portunus trituberculatus). In this study, the antibacterial activity against Vibrio and the pharmacokinetics (PK) of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ)-trimethoprim (TMP) in crabs were estimated to explore the pharmacokinetics/p...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2016.06.029
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are numerous examples, of both the identical and different effects of animals exposure to toxic agents, which can be compared in both, exposed prenatal/neonatal animals and exposed adults. In some instances, although the chemical and its metabolites are stored for long periods in adipose tissue, adult exposure (...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1382-6689(97)10030-8
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was aimed at documenting the kinetic time courses of selenium (Se) in accessible biological matrices of volunteers following controlled applications of therapeutic shampoo containing Se, to better elucidate the mechanisms by which shampoo-Se accumulates in hair and hence estimate the contribution of this so...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2010.02.001
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Brca1 and Brca2 tumor suppressor genes are involved in the maintenance of genomic integrity as they facilitate error free DNA repair. This study was designed to understand the role of Brca1 and Brca2 in betel nut (BN) induced chronic and transgenerational carcinogenesis in mice. Young male and female Swiss Albino ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2010.09.006
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The wide range of potential health beneficial effects of isoflavones, including a chemoprentive action, have prompted us to study the potential benefits of genistein and daidzein in an experimental model of environmental pollution impact on lung tissue. A diesel engine placed was used to generate reproducible emission...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1382-6689(02)00066-2
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:To find new diagnostic markers to monitor isoniazid-induced liver injury. METHODS:SD rats were treated with low dosage of isoniazid and the light microscopic findings of livers were collected. The methylation status of cytochrome p450 2E1 promoter was determined. RESULTS:Cell edema and spotty necr...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2013.03.016
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative structure - activity relationships (QSARs) which are obtained with a representation of the molecular architecture via simplified molecular input-line entry system (SMILES) are applied to build up predictive models of acute toxicity of pesticides towards Daphnia magna. The acute toxicity towards Daphnia ma...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2020.103459
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In utero exposure of neonates to pesticide residues could be damaging to the reproductive tract. Hence, the present study assessed the circulating concentrations of pesticide residues in buffalo and their neonatal calves as well as in the reproductive tract tissue samples of same calves. Also, histopathological altera...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2015.08.031
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protective effects of lobenzarit disodium against the toxicity of allyl alcohol were investigated in vitro using isolated rat hepatocytes and in vivo using mice. In mice, at i.p doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg lobenzarit significantly decreased the activity of alanine amino transferase (ALT) in serum and the concent...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1382-6689(97)00149-x
更新日期:1997-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has been developed for trichloroethylene (1,1,2-trichloroethene, TRI) for rat and humans, based on in vitro metabolic parameters. These were obtained using individual cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase enzymes. The main enzymes involved both for rats and ...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1382-6689(02)00019-4
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study with crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), the effect on enrofloxacin (EF) and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CF) and on the activity of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) and cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) was estimated following the oral administration of rifampicin (RIF) (12mg/kg) and β-naphthoflavone (BNF) (1...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2016.07.015
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Air pollution is a topic discussed all over the world and the search for alternatives to reduce it is of great interest to many researchers. The use of alternative energy sources and biofuels seems to be the environmentally safer solution. In this work, the deleterious effects on the respiratory system of mice exposed...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.020
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was to investigate the combined toxicity of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and methylmercury (MeHg) on cardiovascular system in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Ultraviolet absorption analysis showed that the co-exposure system had high absorption and stability. The dosages used in this study were based on th...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2016.05.004
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to aluminum (Al) suppresses bone formation. Osteoblastic differentiation plays a key role in the process of bone formation. However, the effect of Al on osteoblastic differentiation is still controversial, and the mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the effect of Al on osteoblastic differentiation and w...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2015.11.023
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelial nitric oxidase synthase (eNOS) uncoupling plays a causal role in endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Genistein consumption has been associated with the prevention of atherosclerosis. However, the effect of genistein on eNOS uncoupling has not been reported. A model of oxidized low-density lipoprote...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2016.01.011
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The studies aimed at evaluation of cigarette smoke effect on heart rate turbulence (HRT) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). 223 consecutive individuals were qualified to the studies. The following groups of patients not suffering from other disease which may affect HRT were distinguished: 1--patien...
journal_title:Environmental toxicology and pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.022
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00