Heparin promotes platelet responsiveness by potentiating αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling.

Abstract:

:Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is a widely used anticoagulant that has long been known to potentiate platelet responses to subthreshold doses of platelet agonists. UFH has been reported to bind and induce modest conformational changes in the major platelet integrin, αIIbβ3, and induce minor changes in platelet morphology. The mechanism by which UFH elicits these platelet-activating effects, however, is not well understood. We found that both human and murine platelets exposed to UFH, either in solution or immobilized onto artificial surfaces, underwent biochemical and morphologic changes indicative of a potentiated state, including phosphorylation of key cytosolic signaling molecules and cytoskeletal changes leading to cell spreading. Low molecular weight heparin and the synthetic pentasaccharide, fondaparinux, had similar platelet-potentiating effects. Human or mouse platelets lacking functional integrin αIIbβ3 complexes and human platelets pretreated with the fibrinogen receptor antagonists eptifibatide or abciximab failed to become potentiated by heparin, demonstrating that heparin promotes platelet responsiveness via its ability to initiate αIIbβ3-mediated outside-in signaling. Taken together, these data provide novel insights into the mechanism by which platelets become activated after exposure to heparin and heparin-coated surfaces, and suggest that currently used glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors may be effective inhibitors of nonimmune forms of heparin-induced platelet activation.

journal_name

Blood

journal_title

Blood

authors

Gao C,Boylan B,Fang J,Wilcox DA,Newman DK,Newman PJ

doi

10.1182/blood-2010-09-307751

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2011-05-05 00:00:00

pages

4946-52

issue

18

eissn

0006-4971

issn

1528-0020

pii

blood-2010-09-307751

journal_volume

117

pub_type

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