Chemical speciation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides in biological fluids: the dominant in vitro binding form of curium(III) and europium(III) in human urine.

abstract：:4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major electrophilic byproduct of lipid peroxidation, is mutagenic and cytotoxic. The two pairs of HNE-derived diastereomeric 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate adducts were synthesized from reaction of HNE with 2'-deoxyguanosine 3'-monophosphate. After HPLC separation, these adduc...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yi P,Zhan D,Samokyszyn VM,Doerge DR,Fu PP

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skin protein modification (haptenation) is thought to be a key step in the manifestation of sensitization to low molecular mass chemicals (<500 g/mol). For sensitizing chemicals that are not protein reactive, it is hypothesised that metabolic activation can convert such chemicals into protein reactive toxins within th...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Elahi EN,Wright Z,Hinselwood D,Hotchkiss SA,Basketter DA,Pease CK

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neurotrophic factor pleiotrophin (PTN) is upregulated in different brain areas after the administration of different drugs of abuse, including psychostimulants. PTN has been shown to prevent cocaine-induced cytotoxicity in NG108-15 and PC12 cells. We previously demonstrated that specific phosphoproteins related to...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Vicente-Rodríguez M,Herradón G,Ferrer-Alcón M,Uribarri M,Pérez-García C

更新日期：2015-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiacetazone (TAZ) and ethionamide (ETA) are, respectively, thiourea- and thioamide-containing second line antitubercular prodrugs for which there is an extensive clinical history of cross-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. EtaA, a recently identified flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), is responsible for th...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Qian L,Ortiz de Montellano PR

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stimulated monocytes and neutrophils generate hypochlorite (HOCl) via the release of the enzyme myeloperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide. HOCl is a key bactericidal agent, but can also damage host tissue. As there is a strong link between chronic inflammation and some cancers, we have investigated HOCl damage to DNA, RNA...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Hawkins CL,Davies MJ

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are reported for the detection of atrazine and its principle metabolite in human urine. The ELISAs can be used with crude urine or following extraction and partial purification by methods described in this report. GC, MS, and HPLC techniques were used to confirm and compleme...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lucas AD,Jones AD,Goodrow MH,Saiz SG,Blewett C,Seiber JN,Hammock BD

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glyoxal is generated endogenously from the degradation of glucose and the oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids, and the 2-deoxyribose moieties of DNA. Glyoxal is also widely used in industry and is present in cigarette smoke and food. Glyoxal can conjugate with nucleobases and proteins to give advanced glycation end pro...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wang H,Cao H,Wang Y

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fotemustine is a chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of melanoma. In this study, we investigated the metabolic and chemical stability of fotemustine with 31P-NMR and FAB-MS. In the absence of GSH, 95% of fotemustine decomposed rapidly into a reactive diethyl ethylphosphonate (DEP) isocyanate, both in rat liver S9 ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Brakenhoff JP,Commandeur JN,de Kanter FJ,van Baar BL,Luijten WC,Vermeulen NP

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The antioxidant properties of a number of water-soluble diorganyl tellurides have been investigated. These organotellurium compounds efficiently protect against peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123, hydroxylation of benzoate, and nitration of 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate. The peroxidation of the zinc st...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jacob C,Arteel GE,Kanda T,Engman L,Sies H

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study addresses the detection and characterization of the modification of human serum albumin (HSA) by amoxicillin (AX) in ex vivo samples from healthy subjects under oral amoxicillin administration (acute intake of 1 g every 8 h for 48 h). To reach this goal, we used an analytical strategy based on targeted and ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Garzon D,Ariza A,Regazzoni L,Clerici R,Altomare A,Sirtori FR,Carini M,Torres MJ,Pérez-Sala D,Aldini G

更新日期：2014-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, there has been an increase in the production of shellfish and in global demand for seafood as nutritious and healthy food. Unfortunately, a significant number of incidences of shellfish poisoning occur worldwide, and microalgae that produce phycotoxins are responsible for most of these. Phycotoxins in...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Otero A,Chapela MJ,Atanassova M,Vieites JM,Cabado AG

更新日期：2011-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The ToxCast EPA challenge was managed by TopCoder in Spring 2014. The goal of the challenge was to develop a model to predict the lowest effect level (LEL) concentration based on in vitro measurements and calculated in silico descriptors. This article summarizes the computational steps used to develop the Rank-I model...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Novotarskyi S,Abdelaziz A,Sushko Y,Körner R,Vogt J,Tetko IV

更新日期：2016-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Contact allergy is caused by a wide range of chemicals after skin contact. Its clinical manifestation, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), is developed upon repeated contact with the allergen. This perspective focuses on two areas that have yielded new useful information during the last 20 years: (i) structure-activity...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Karlberg AT,Bergström MA,Börje A,Luthman K,Nilsson JL

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatotoxicity of allyl alcohol involves its bioactivation to acrolein and subsequent protein sulfhydryl loss and lipid peroxidation. However, the links between these events and hepatocellular death are not known. The purpose of these studies was to examine whether specific signal transduction pathways are associated ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Maddox JF,Roth RA,Ganey PE

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our long-term oral administration of dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) in rats revealed that three unidentified metabolites, M-1, M-2, and M-3, were detected in urine and feces. DMAV and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) were converted to M-2 and M-3 and M-1 by Escherichia coli strain A3-6 isolated from the ceca of DMAV-administ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yoshida K,Kuroda K,Zhou X,Inoue Y,Date Y,Wanibuchi H,Fukushima S,Endo G

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zileuton, an inhibitor of 5-lipooxygenase, the initial enzyme in the leukotriene pathway, was marketed as a new treatment for asthma. This drug has been associated with liver toxicity, which has limited its clinical usefulness. We provide evidence here that the liver toxicity likely involves a sequence of biotransform...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Joshi EM,Heasley BH,Chordia MD,Macdonald TL

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1,N6-ethenoadenine (εA) is a mutagenic lesion and biomarker observed in numerous cancerous tissues. Two pathways are responsible for its repair: base excision repair (BER) and direct reversal repair (DRR). Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) is the primary enzyme that excises εA in BER, generating stable intermediates ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Caffrey PJ,Kher R,Bian K,Li D,Delaney S

更新日期：2020-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to the tobacco-related nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine is carcinogenic to humans. Metabolic activation of NNK leads to the formation of DNA adducts, which play a critical role in NNK carcinogenesis. Adducts specific to NNK result from covalent linkag...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sturla SJ,Scott J,Lao Y,Hecht SS,Villalta PW

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Furan has been found in a number of heated food items and is carcinogenic in the liver of rats and mice. Estimates of human exposure on the basis of concentrations measured in food are not reliable because of the volatility of furan. A biomarker approach is therefore indicated. We searched for metabolites excreted in ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Kellert M,Wagner S,Lutz U,Lutz WK

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide can be introduced slowly and steadily into aqueous solutions, including cell culture media, over extended periods of time via semipermeable Silastic (a registered trademark of the Dow Corning Corp.) polymer membranes. The rates of introduction are predictable and reproducible and can approach rates of nit...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Tamir S,Lewis RS,de Rojas Walker T,Deen WM,Wishnok JS,Tannenbaum SR

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The growth-promoting effects of estrogens in hormone-dependent tumor tissues involve receptor-mediated pathways that are well-recognized; however, the role of estrogens in tumor initiation remains controversial. Estrogen metabolites, primarily the catechol estrogens (CE's), have been implicated in tumor initiation via...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Mobley JA,Bhat AS,Brueggemeier RW

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MXenes have attracted extensive attention due to their unique physicochemical properties. Especially, the flexibility and good conductivity endow MXenes with a great application prospect in the neural interfaces. However, the cytotoxicity of MXenes to nervous system remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the cyt...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wu W,Ge H,Zhang L,Lei X,Yang Y,Fu Y,Feng H

更新日期：2020-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:There is strong epidemiologic evidence linking chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) to myriad adverse health effects, including cancer of the bladder. We set out to identify DNA methylation patterns associated with arsenic and its metabolites in exfoliated urothelial cells (EUCs) that originate primarily from t...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Rager JE,Tilley SK,Tulenko SE,Smeester L,Ray PD,Yosim A,Currier JM,Ishida MC,González-Horta Mdel C,Sánchez-Ramírez B,Ballinas-Casarrubias L,Gutiérrez-Torres DS,Drobná Z,Del Razo LM,García-Vargas GG,Kim WY,Zhou YH,Wright

更新日期：2015-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Human exposure to abacavir, a primary alcohol antiretroviral, is associated with the development of immunological drug reactions in individuals carrying the HLA risk allele B*57:01. Interaction of abacavir with antigen presenting cells results in cell activation through an Hsp70-mediated Toll-like receptor pathway and...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Bell CC,Santoyo Castelazo A,Yang EL,Maggs JL,Jenkins RE,Tugwood J,O'Neill PM,Naisbitt DJ,Park BK

更新日期：2013-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:NADPH in microsomes reduces the hydroxocob(III)alamin form of vitamin B12 to cob(II)alamin and the supernucleophilic cob(I)alamin, which are both highly reactive toward xenobiotic epoxides formed by mammalian metabolism of dienes such as the industrially important chemicals chloroprene and 1,3-butadiene. With styrene,...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Watson WP,Munter T,Golding BT

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The process of disinfecting drinking water inadvertently leads to the formation of numerous disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Some of these are mutagenic, genotoxic, teratogenic, and cytotoxic, as well as potentially carcinogenic both in vivo and in vitro. We investigated the in vitro biological activity of five DBPs: t...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Procházka E,Escher BI,Plewa MJ,Leusch FD

更新日期：2015-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-p-aminophenylbutyric acid (chlorambucil, 1) is an orally administrated drug widely used in the chemotherapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We have recently described a new metabolic path for the decomposition of 1 in human gastric juice based on its reactions with saliva-derived thiocyanate io...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Hovinen J,Pettersson-Fernholm T,Lahti M,Vilpo J

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A method for the analysis of N-acetylcysteine conjugates of catechol estrogens [catechol estrogen mercapturates (CE SRs)], which are likely to be urinary markers of estrogen-induced tumors, was established in this study. The characteristics of the method that was established were (1) cleanup of urine using the immunoa...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Nakagomi M,Suzuki E

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new and efficient method is described for the synthesis in gram quantities of the benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) metabolic adducts of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) and 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA) substituted, respectively, at the N(2)- and N(6)- positions. When the racemic form of the tris(benzoyloxy)amine 5 (related to the notoriously...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Johnson F,Bonala R,Tawde D,Torres MC,Iden CR

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is considered to be an attractive target for the development of novel anticancer molecules. This paper reports for the first time that a small molecule, antrocin (MW = 234), from Antrodia camphorata was a potent antagonist in various cancer types, being highest in metastatic breast cancer MDA...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Rao YK,Wu AT,Geethangili M,Huang MT,Chao WJ,Wu CH,Deng WP,Yeh CT,Tzeng YM

更新日期：2011-02-18 00:00:00