In Vitro Method to Quantify Dermal Absorption of Pesticide Residues.

abstract：:Two novel pectenotoxins (PTXs) were detected by LC-MS in solid phase extracts of net hauls taken at Flødevigen, Norway, in June 2002 that were dominated by Dinophysis acuminata and Dinophysis norvegica. The new compounds were isolated as minor components from a large collection of a Dinophysis acuta-dominated bloom ob...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Miles CO,Wilkins AL,Samdal IA,Sandvik M,Petersen D,Quilliam MA,Naustvoll LJ,Rundberget T,Torgersen T,Hovgaard P,Jensen DJ,Cooney JM

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tocopherols (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-Toc) and tocopheryl quinones (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-TQ) were recently suggested to modulate mitochondrial electron transfer in mammals. Intriguingly, Tocs and stigmatellin, a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial cytochrome (cyt) bc(1) complex, possess a common ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Müllebner A,Patel A,Stamberg W,Staniek K,Rosenau T,Netscher T,Gille L

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxicity data for 82 aliphatic chemicals with an alpha,beta-unsaturated substructure were compiled. Toxicity was assessed in the 2-day Tetrahymena pyriformis population growth impairment assay. Toxic potency [log(IGC50(-1))] for most of these chemicals was in excess of baseline narcosis as quantified by the 1-octanol/...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Schultz TW,Netzeva TI,Roberts DW,Cronin MT

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitomycin C (MC), a cytotoxic anticancer drug and bifunctional DNA DNA alkylating agent, induces cross-linking of the complementary strands of DNA. The DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are thought to be the critical cytotoxic lesions produced by MC. Decarbamoyl mitomycin C (DMC) has been regarded as a monofunctional...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Palom Y,Suresh Kumar G,Tang LQ,Paz MM,Musser SM,Rockwell S,Tomasz M

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have recently shown that dithiocarbamate (DC) disulfides inhibit proteolytic processing of the caspase-3 proenzyme in Jurkat T lymphocytes treated with anti-CD95 (Fas/APO-1) antibody. Because the processing can be accomplished by caspase activity, we investigated the effect of DC disulfides, such as disulfiram (DSF...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Nobel CS,Kimland M,Nicholson DW,Orrenius S,Slater AF

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolic fates of the nigrostriatal toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its two-electron oxidation product, the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium species (MPDP+), have been examined in mouse brain and liver tissue fractions. Incubations of MPTP (50 microM and 1 mM) with mouse brain...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wu E,Shinka T,Caldera-Munoz P,Yoshizumi H,Trevor A,Castagnoli N Jr

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The efficacy of 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) as a chemopreventive agent against chemically induced cancer or toxicity may involve the direct modulation of cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase function. This hypothesis was investigated by using purified rabbit cytochrome P-450IA2 and P-450IIB4 in a reconstit...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Rodrigues AD,Fernandez D,Nosarzewski MA,Pierce WM Jr,Prough RA

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The antioxidant properties of a number of water-soluble diorganyl tellurides have been investigated. These organotellurium compounds efficiently protect against peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123, hydroxylation of benzoate, and nitration of 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate. The peroxidation of the zinc st...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jacob C,Arteel GE,Kanda T,Engman L,Sies H

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coumadin (R/S-warfarin) anticoagulant therapy poses a risk to over 50 million Americans, in part due to interpersonal variation in drug metabolism. Consequently, it is important to understand how metabolic capacity is influenced among patients. Cytochrome P450s (P450 or CYP for a specific isoform) catalyze the first m...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jones DR,Kim SY,Guderyon M,Yun CH,Moran JH,Miller GP

更新日期：2010-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Tetrabromobisphenol A, a brominated flame retardant, is increasingly prevalent worldwide and presents a potential health risk. Adjusted animal biomonitoring equivalents of tetrabromobisphenol A after orally administered doses in humanized-liver mice were scaled up to humans using known species allometric scaling facto...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Miura T,Uehara S,Shigeta K,Yoshizawa M,Kamiya Y,Murayama N,Shimizu M,Suemizu H,Yamazaki H

更新日期：2020-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabolic pathways of the mutagen 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) remain incompletely characterized in humans. In this study, the metabolism of MeIQx was investigated in primary human hepatocytes. Six metabolites were characterized by UV and mass spectroscopy. Novel metabolites were additionally ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Langouët S,Welti DH,Kerriguy N,Fay LB,Huynh-Ba T,Markovic J,Guengerich FP,Guillouzo A,Turesky RJ

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Topoisomerase II regulates DNA topology by generating transient double-stranded breaks. The anticancer drug etoposide targets topoisomerase II and is associated with the formation of secondary leukemias in patients. The quinone and catechol metabolites of etoposide may contribute to strand breaks that trigger leukemic...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jacob DA,Gibson EG,Mercer SL,Deweese JE

更新日期：2013-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The genotoxicity of the dihydrofurans aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), and sterigmatocystin (STG) was examined in a bacterial system in which the induction of SOS repair is monitored with the umuC gene linked to a lacZ reporter gene in plasmid pSK1002. Human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450NF oxidized the di...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Baertschi SW,Raney KD,Shimada T,Harris TM,Guengerich FP

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytotoxicity of Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles (NP) at very low exposure levels (1 μg/mL and less) to a dominant bacterial isolate from freshwater (lake water), Bacillus licheniformis, was examined. Sterile lake water was directly used as a test medium or matrix to simulate the freshwater environment. Exposure to 1 μg/mL...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pakrashi S,Dalai S,Sabat D,Singh S,Chandrasekaran N,Mukherjee A

更新日期：2011-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:alpha-Sulfate trans-tamoxifen and alpha-sulfate cis-tamoxifen were synthesized as proposed active metabolites of tamoxifen that react with DNA. alpha-Acetoxytamoxifen was prepared as a model-activated form to produce a reactive carbocation. Calf thymus DNA was reacted with alpha-hydroxytamoxifen or the activated forms...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dasaradhi L,Shibutani S

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA molecules utilize adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine for coding genetic information. In addition to these four canonical nucleobases, DNA molecules also contain a variety of modified nucleobases that can control and regulate gene expression and chromosome structure. Elucidating the functions of DNA modificati...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yuan BF

更新日期：2020-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Nanoparticles can reach the blood and cause inflammation, suggesting that nanoparticles-endothelial cells interactions may be pathogenically relevant. We evaluated the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂) on proliferation, death, and responses related with inflammatory processes such as monocytic adhesion a...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Montiel-Dávalos A,Ventura-Gallegos JL,Alfaro-Moreno E,Soria-Castro E,García-Latorre E,Cabañas-Moreno JG,del Pilar Ramos-Godinez M,López-Marure R

更新日期：2012-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical respiratory sensitization is an immunological process that manifests clinically mostly as occupational asthma and is responsible for 1 in 6 cases of adult asthma, although this may be an underestimate of the prevalence, as it is under-diagnosed. Occupational asthma results in unemployment for roughly one-thir...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Golden E,Maertens M,Hartung T,Maertens A

更新日期：2020-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Butadiene monoxide, a toxic metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, is a substrate for the human placental glutathione (GSH) S-transferase. The products have been identified as S-(2-hydroxy-3-buten-1-yl)glutathione (I) and S-(1-hydroxy-3-buten-2-yl)glutathione (II). S-(4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl)glutathione (III), which was formed c...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sharer JE,Duescher RJ,Elfarra AA

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Overexposure to biphenyl amine compounds, which are found in smoke and azo-dyes, is linked to the occurrence of bladder cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of biphenyl amine compound-induced bladder cancer are still unclear. Many studies have demonstrated that overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in neopla...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chen CC,Cheng YY,Chen SC,Tuan YF,Chen YJ,Chen CY,Chen LC

更新日期：2012-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder constituting a major health problem whose prevalence has gradually increased worldwide over the past few decades. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains more complex and heterogeneous and arises as a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate functional β-cell mass and ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dornadula S,Elango B,Balashanmugam P,Palanisamy R,Kunka Mohanram R

更新日期：2015-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Estrogens and their oxidative metabolites, the catechol estrogens, have been implicated in the development of breast cancer; yet, relatively little is known about estrogen metabolism in the breast. To determine how the parent hormone, 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)), is metabolized, we used recombinant, purified phase I enzy...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dawling S,Hachey DL,Roodi N,Parl FF

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is interest in the relative toxicities of emissions from electronic cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes. Lists of cigarette smoke priority toxicants have been developed to focus regulatory initiatives. However, a comprehensive assessment of e-cigarette chemical emissions including all tobacco smoke Harmful and Pot...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Margham J,McAdam K,Forster M,Liu C,Wright C,Mariner D,Proctor C

更新日期：2016-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinically used antitumor antibiotic mitomycin C requires a reductive activation to be converted to a bis-electrophile that forms several covalent adducts with DNA, including an interstrand cross-link which is considered to be the lesion responsible for the cytotoxic effects of the drug. Enzymes such as cytochrome...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Paz MM

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The major plant growth regulator ethephon degrades to ethylene and phosphate in aqueous solutions and plants and is spontaneously activated to a butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor in alkaline solutions and animal tissues. In the present (31)P NMR kinetic study of the reactions of ethephon in pH 7.4 carbonate buffe...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lantz SR,Casida JE

更新日期：2013-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Naphtho[8,1,2- ghi]chrysene, commonly known as naphtho[1,2- e]pyrene (N[1,2- e]P) is a widespread environmental pollutant, identified in coal tar extract, air borne particulate matter, marine sediment, cigarette smoke condensate, and vehicle exhaust. Herein, we determined the ability of rat liver microsomes to metabol...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sharma AK,Gowdahalli K,Gimbor M,Amin S

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genotoxic chemicals act by causing DNA damage, which, if left unrepaired, can have deleterious consequences for cell survival. DNA damage response (DDR) gets activated to repair or mitigate the effects of DNA damage. Histone H2AX and H3 phosphorylation biomarkers (γ-H2AX and p-H3) have attracted great attention as the...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Qu M,Xu H,Chen J,Zhang Y,Xu B,Guo L,Xie J

更新日期：2020-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Available studies, while limited in number, suggest that e-cigarette vaping induces oxidative stress, with one potential mechanism being the direct formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in e-vapor. In the present studies, we measured the formation of hydroxyl radical (•OH), the most destructive ROS, in e-vapor un...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Son Y,Mishin V,Laskin JD,Mainelis G,Wackowski OA,Delnevo C,Schwander S,Khlystov A,Samburova V,Meng Q

更新日期：2019-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450 2F1 (P450 2F1) is expressed exclusively in the human respiratory tract and is implicated in 3-methylindole (3MI)-induced pneumotoxicity via dehydrogenation of 3MI to a reactive electrophilic intermediate, 3-methyleneindolenine (3-MEI). Studies of P450 2F1 to date have been limited by the failure to exp...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Behrendorff JB,Moore CD,Kim KH,Kim DH,Smith CA,Johnston WA,Yun CH,Yost GS,Gillam EM

更新日期：2012-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is considered to be an attractive target for the development of novel anticancer molecules. This paper reports for the first time that a small molecule, antrocin (MW = 234), from Antrodia camphorata was a potent antagonist in various cancer types, being highest in metastatic breast cancer MDA...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Rao YK,Wu AT,Geethangili M,Huang MT,Chao WJ,Wu CH,Deng WP,Yeh CT,Tzeng YM

更新日期：2011-02-18 00:00:00