Stability and reactivity of 2-nitrosoamino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline.

abstract：:Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are extensively used for the treatment of gastric acid-related disorders. PPIs appear to be well tolerated and almost have no short-term side effects. However, the clinical adverse reactions of long-term PPI usage are increasingly reported in recent years. So far, there is no study that e...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wu D,Qiu T,Zhang Q,Kang H,Yuan S,Zhu L,Zhu R

更新日期：2015-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, has demonstrated promising pharmacologic activities. The alkaloid has a great potential for clinical use, so a careful, thorough toxicity evaluation of the alkaloid is required. In the present study, 24 h acute toxicity of tetrandrine was evaluated in CD-1 mice. Single in...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jin H,Li L,Zhong D,Liu J,Chen X,Zheng J

更新日期：2011-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to both endogenous and exogenous formaldehyde has been established to be carcinogenic, likely by virtue of forming nucleic acid and proteins adducts such as N6-formyllysine. To better assess N6-formyllysine as a biomarker of formaldehyde exposure, we studied accumulation of N6-formyllysine adducts in tissues ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Edrissi B,Taghizadeh K,Moeller BC,Yu R,Kracko D,Doyle-Eisele M,Swenberg JA,Dedon PC

更新日期：2017-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemically reactive species formed from the metabolism of carboxylic acid-containing compounds have been proposed as mediators of their toxic side-effects. Two alternative metabolic pathways known to be involved in the generation of reactive acylating metabolites of carboxylic acids are acyl glucuronidation and acyl-C...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Li C,Benet LZ,Grillo MP

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytotoxicity of Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles (NP) at very low exposure levels (1 μg/mL and less) to a dominant bacterial isolate from freshwater (lake water), Bacillus licheniformis, was examined. Sterile lake water was directly used as a test medium or matrix to simulate the freshwater environment. Exposure to 1 μg/mL...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pakrashi S,Dalai S,Sabat D,Singh S,Chandrasekaran N,Mukherjee A

更新日期：2011-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Hexavalent chromium is a human carcinogen activated primarily by direct reduction with cellular ascorbate and to a lesser extent, by glutathione. Cr(III), the final product of Cr(VI) reduction, forms six bonds allowing intermolecular cross-linking. In this work, we investigated the ability of Cr(VI) to cause interstra...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Morse JL,Luczak MW,Zhitkovich A

更新日期：2013-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleotide excision repair (NER) removes lesions caused by environmental mutagens or UV light from DNA. A hallmark of NER is the extraordinarily wide substrate specificity, raising the question of how one set of proteins is able to recognize structurally diverse lesions. Two key features of good NER substrates are tha...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yeo JE,Khoo A,Fagbemi AF,Schärer OD

更新日期：2012-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Acyl glucuronides (AGs) are reactive metabolites of carboxylic acid-containing drugs, which are associated with idiosyncratic toxicity (IDT) such as anaphylaxis, drug-induced liver injury, and so on. In this study, we developed a new in vitro approach for the quantitative assessment of the reactivity of AGs and their ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Harada H,Toyoda Y,Abe Y,Endo T,Takeda H

更新日期：2019-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The benzophenanthridine alkaloids nitidine and fagaronine were characterized as inhibitors of topoisomerase I function. In common with the antitumor agent camptothecin, both nitidine and fagaronine stabilized the covalent binary complex formed between calf thymus topoisomerase I and DNA. The effects of these compounds...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wang LK,Johnson RK,Hecht SM

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Escherichia coli NarI restriction enzyme recognition site 5'G1G2C3G4C5C63' is a mutational hotspot for -2 deletions in E. coli plasmid pBR322, resulting in the sequence 5'GGCC3' when G4 is modified by the aromatic amine N-2-(acetyl)aminofluorene (AAF) [Burnouf, D., Koehl, P., and Fuchs, R. P. P. (1995) Proc. Natl....

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Roy D,Hingerty BE,Shapiro R,Broyde S

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The perfluorinated carboxylic acid, perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA), is a known peroxisome proliferator which displays toxicity in rodents. Using a paired-tracer first-pass extraction technique, the effect of PFDA on hepatic glucose transport was determined in the isolated perfused rat liver. In brief, livers isolate...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Goecke-Flora CM,Wyman JF,Jarnot BM,Reo NV

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicity of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) to human lung epithelial (A549) cells was investigated in this study. CuO NPs (10-100 mg/L) had significant toxicity to A549 cells, whereas CuO bulk particles (BPs) showed much lower toxicity (24 h IC(50), 58 and 15 mg/L for CuO BPs and NPs, respectively). Transmission electron ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wang Z,Li N,Zhao J,White JC,Qu P,Xing B

更新日期：2012-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:8-Aminoguanine had previously been identified as one of the nucleic acid base modifications produced in livers of rats by treatment with the hepatocarcinogen 2-nitropropane (2-NP), and a hypothetical mechanism of activation of 2-NP to hydroxylamine-O-sulfonate or acetate that would lead to NH2+, an aminating species, ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Sodum RS,Sohn OS,Nie G,Fiala ES

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxicological studies assessing the safety of compounds for humans frequently use in vitro systems to characterize toxic responses in combination with transcriptomic analyses. Thus far, changes have mostly been investigated at the mRNA level. Recently, microRNAs have attracted attention because they are powerful negat...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lizarraga D,Gaj S,Brauers KJ,Timmermans L,Kleinjans JC,van Delft JH

更新日期：2012-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:During our ongoing studies of the reactions of toluene diisocyanate (2,4- and 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene, TDI) in vivo, it became apparent that reactive form(s) of these diisocyanates reach(es) the circulatory system after passage through the respiratory system. Based on recent work by others regarding the transcarbamoyl...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Day BW,Jin R,Basalyga DM,Kramarik JA,Karol MH

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allyl alcohol (AA) is one of the environmental pollutants used as a herbicide and industrial chemical. AA undergoes enzymatic oxidation in vivo to form Acrolein (Acr), a highly reactive and ubiquitous environmental toxicant. The exposure to AA/Acr has detrimental effects on cells and is highly fatal. In corroboration ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Golla U,Bandi G,Tomar RS

更新日期：2015-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis is expected to grow substantially due to recent failures in detecting severe toxicity issues of new chemical entities during preclinical/clinical development. Traditionally, safety risk assessment studies for humans have b...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Goracci L,Valeri A,Sciabola S,Aleo MD,Moritz W,Lichtenberg J,Cruciani G

更新日期：2020-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Aerosols from electronic cigarettes and heat-not-burn tobacco products have been found to contain lower levels of almost all compounds from the list of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents known to be present in tobacco products and tobacco smoke than smoke from conventional cigarettes. Free radicals, which al...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Shein M,Jeschke G

更新日期：2019-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the biological effects of the O(2)-alkylthymidines induced by the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), we have replicated a plasmid containing O(2)-methylthymidine (O(2)-Me-dT) or O(2)-[4-(3-pyridyl-4-oxobut-1-yl]thymidine (O(2)-POB-dT) in Escherichia coli w...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jasti VP,Spratt TE,Basu AK

更新日期：2011-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A (BPA) is ubiquitous in the environment and is reported to be present at high concentrations in placental tissue, where its presence raises concerns over its potential to disrupt placental function. This report investigates how BPA interferes with the survival of human choriocarcinoma BeWo cells (a model of...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Ponniah M,Billett EE,De Girolamo LA

更新日期：2015-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitroaromatic compounds represent a major class of industrial chemicals that are also found in nature. Polycyclic derivatives are regarded as potent mutagens and carcinogens following bioactivation to produce nitrenium electrophiles that covalently modify DNA to afford N-linked C8-2'-deoxyguanosine (C8-dG) lesions tha...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Manning TW,Al-Abdul-Wahid MS,Manderville RA,Josephy PD,Kung RW,Wetmore SD

更新日期：2020-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Capillary liquid chromatography-continuous-flow fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry is applied to the detection of deoxynucleoside adducts of N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene. In such a configuration, normal scan and tandem mass spectrometric techniques are shown to provide useful structural information for an N...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wolf SM,Vouros P

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and biologically active polyphenol in green tea, and many of the therapeutic benefits of the beverage have been attributed to this compound. High concentrations of EGCG are cytotoxic and trigger genotoxic events in mammalian cells. Although this catechin affects...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Bandele OJ,Osheroff N

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reaction of the antitumor agent leinamycin with thiols converts this natural product into an episulfonium ion that alkylates the N7-position of guanine residues in double-stranded DNA. It is reported here that depurination of this adduct is unusually facile, occurring with a half-life of about 3.5 h at pH 7 and 37...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Nooner T,Dutta S,Gates KS

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small particles of crystalline silicon dioxide (crystallites) are exceptionally toxic. Inhalation of quartz crystallites causes silicosis, a devastating lung disease afflicting miners, particularly coal and stone workers. Poly(vinylpyridine-N-oxide)s (PVPNOs) have been applied in the prevention and treatment of silico...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Goldstein S,Czapski G,Heller A

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-throughput screening (HTPS) assays to detect inhibitors of thyroperoxidase (TPO), the enzymatic catalyst for thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis, are not currently available. Herein, we describe the development of a HTPS TPO inhibition assay. Rat thyroid microsomes and a fluorescent peroxidase substrate, Amplex UltraR...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Paul KB,Hedge JM,Rotroff DM,Hornung MW,Crofton KM,Simmons SO

更新日期：2014-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Deferoxamine is an inhibitor of iron-dependent free radical reactions. Despite the antioxidant roles, prolonged clinical use of the chelator is far from benign, and paradoxically, deferoxamine has been shown to promote lipid peroxidation. The possible toxicity of the drug's metabolites, such as deferoxamine nitroxide ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Kiyose M,Lee CI,Okabe E

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The diarrhetic shellfish toxin composition in the digestive glands of mussels collected in June 2001 from the Northern Adriatic sea was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. Along with known yessotoxins (1, 3-6), identified by comparison of their r...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Ciminiello P,Dell'Aversano C,Fattorusso E,Forino M,Magno S,Poletti R

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 has drastically increased pressure on medical resources and highlighted the need for rapidly available, large-scale, and low-cost personal protective equipment (PPE). In this work, an alternative full-face mask is adapted from a modified snorkel mask to be used as PPE with two medica...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Schmitt J,Jones LS,Aeby EA,Gloor C,Moser B,Wang J

更新日期：2021-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Anxiolytic kava products have been associated with rare but severe hepatotoxicity in humans. This adverse potential has never been captured in animal models, and the responsible compound(s) remains to be determined. The lack of such knowledge greatly hinders the preparation of a safer kava product and limits its benef...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Narayanapillai SC,Leitzman P,O'Sullivan MG,Xing C

更新日期：2014-10-20 00:00:00