Bone as target organ for metals: the case of f-elements.

abstract：:Idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) represent a major clinical problem, and at present, the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. One animal model that we have used for mechanistic studies of IDRs is penicillamine-induced autoimmunity in Brown Norway (BN) rats. Previous work in our lab found that macrophage...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Li J,Mannargudi B,Uetrecht JP

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Flucloxacillin, an isoxazolyl-penicillin, causes cholestasis and biliary epithelium injury. The aim of the study was to determine whether flucloxacillin, either directly or through metabolite formation, may induce cytotoxicity in hepatic or biliary cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase release in p...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lakehal F,Dansette PM,Becquemont L,Lasnier E,Delelo R,Balladur P,Poupon R,Beaune PH,Housset C

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) is a well-established hepatocarcinogen in the rat. NPYR requires metabolic activation by cytochrome P450-catalyzed alpha-hydroxylation to express its carcinogenic activity. This produces alpha-hydroxyNPYR (2), which spontaneously ring opens to 4-oxobutanediazohydroxide (4), a highly reactiv...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wang M,Lao Y,Cheng G,Shi Y,Villalta PW,Hecht SS

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a critical regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia. Under normoxic conditions, the cellular HIF-1α level is regulated by hydroxylation by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), ubiquitylation, and proteasomal degradation. During hypoxia, degradation decreases, and its intracellular leve...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chowdhury R,Godoy LC,Thiantanawat A,Trudel LJ,Deen WM,Wogan GN

更新日期：2012-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:beta-Carotene and other carotenoids are thought to exert disease preventive actions by scavenging reactive free radicals, but the mechanisms of these reactions are poorly understood. We detected products formed by reaction of beta-carotene with alkoxyl, and alkylperoxyl free radicals generated by thermolysis of azobis...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Liebler DC,McClure TD

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein glutathionylation is an important protein post-translational modification associated with oxidative stress, in which the thiol groups of cysteine residues react with glutathione and form disulfide bonds. Glutathionylation has been shown to affect protein structure and modulate protein function, and is implicat...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chen HJ,Lin WP,Chiu SD,Fan CH

更新日期：2014-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylmercury (MeHg) reacts readily with GSH, leading to the formation of a MeHg-SG adduct that is excreted into extracellular space through multidrug-resistance-associated protein (MRP), which is regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2. We previously reported that MeHg covalently modifies Keap1 and activates Nrf2 ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Yoshida E,Abiko Y,Kumagai Y

更新日期：2014-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Acyl glucuronides (AGs) are reactive metabolites of carboxylic acid-containing drugs, which are associated with idiosyncratic toxicity (IDT) such as anaphylaxis, drug-induced liver injury, and so on. In this study, we developed a new in vitro approach for the quantitative assessment of the reactivity of AGs and their ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Harada H,Toyoda Y,Abe Y,Endo T,Takeda H

更新日期：2019-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The gender differences in the in vitro microsomal metabolic activation of hepatotoxic clivorine, a representative naturally occurring hepatotoxic otonecine type pyrrolizidine alkaloid, in Sprague-Dawley rats and their relation to the gender differences in susceptibility to clivorine intoxication were reported in the p...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lin G,Cui YY,Liu XQ

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Successful early attrition of potential problematic compounds is of great importance in the pharmaceutical industry. The lead compound in a recent project targeting neuropathic pain was susceptible to metabolic bioactivation, which produced reactive metabolites and showed covalent binding to protein. Therefore, as a p...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lenz EM,Martin S,Schmidt R,Morin PE,Smith R,Weston DJ,Bayrakdarian M

更新日期：2014-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Electrophilic DNA adducts produced following oxidative stress can form DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs), dramatically altering genomic maintenance pathways. Complete characterization of DPCs has been hindered, in part, because of a lack of comprehensive techniques for their analysis. We have, therefore, established a pr...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Shuck SC,Rose KL,Marnett LJ

更新日期：2014-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Many cyanobacterial species are able to produce cyanotoxins as secondary metabolites. Among them, microcystins (MC) are a group of around 80 congeners of toxic cyclic heptapeptides. MC-LR is the most studied MC congener, in view of its high acute hepatotoxicity and tumor promoting activity. Humans may be exposed to cy...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Buratti FM,Scardala S,Funari E,Testai E

更新日期：2011-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) work as environmental sensors in human tissues. These proteins are members of the helix-loop-helix/Per-ARNT-SIM transcription factor family and form heterodimers with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator. HIF-1 alpha c...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Seifert A,Katschinski DM,Tonack S,Fischer B,Navarrete Santos A

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tocopherols (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-Toc) and tocopheryl quinones (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-TQ) were recently suggested to modulate mitochondrial electron transfer in mammals. Intriguingly, Tocs and stigmatellin, a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial cytochrome (cyt) bc(1) complex, possess a common ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Müllebner A,Patel A,Stamberg W,Staniek K,Rosenau T,Netscher T,Gille L

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Xenobiotics may activate the estrogen receptor, resulting in alteration of normal endocrine functions in animals and humans. Consequently, this necessitates development of assay end points capable of identifying estrogenic xenobiotics. In the present study, we screened the potential estrogenicity of chemicals via thei...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Markell LK,Mingoia RT,Peterson HM,Yao J,Waters SM,Finn JP,Nabb DL,Han X

更新日期：2014-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A transient energy impairment with resultant release and subsequent reuptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and NMDA receptor activation with consequent cytoplasmic superoxide (O(2)(-)(*)), nitric oxide (NO(*)), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) generation have all been implicated in a neurotoxic cascade which ultimately lea...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Jiang XR,Dryhurst G

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) by lipid ozonation products is reported. The principal products from the ozonation of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) are 1-palmitoyl-2-[8-[3(5-octyl-1,2,4-trioxolan-3-yl)octanoyl]--sn-gly cero-3- phosphocholine (PC-Criegee ozonide) and 1-palmitoyl-2-(9...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Salgo MG,Squadrito GL,Pryor WA

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Smokeless tobacco products, such as moist snuff or chewing tobacco, contain many of the same carcinogens as tobacco smoke; however, the impact on children of indirect exposure to tobacco constituents via parental smokeless tobacco use is unknown. As part of the California Childhood Leukemia Study, dust samples were co...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Whitehead TP,Havel C,Metayer C,Benowitz NL,Jacob P 3rd

更新日期：2015-05-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A series of alpha-(X-substituted-methyl)-gamma,gamma-dimethyl-gamma-butyrolactones (series 1), a series of alpha-(2-X-substituted-ethyl)-gamma,gamma-dimethyl-gamma-butyrolactones (series 2), where X is a leaving group, and the compound alpha-(3-bromopropyl)-gamma,gamma-butyrolactone (3) were synthesized. Their reactio...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Franot C,Roberts DW,Smith RG,Basketter DA,Benezra C,Lepoittevin JP

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arylamines (AAs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are structurally related carcinogens formed during the combustion of tobacco or cooking of meat. They undergo cytochrome P450 mediated N-hydroxylation to form metabolites which bind to DNA and lead to mutations. The N-hydroxylated metabolites of many AAs also ca...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pathak KV,Chiu TL,Amin EA,Turesky RJ

更新日期：2016-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously, we identified two distinct metabonomic phenotypes in Sprague-Dawley rats sourced from two different rooms (colonies) in the Charles River, Raleigh facility [Robosky, L. C., Wells, D. F., Egnash, L. A., Manning, M. L., Reily, M. D., and Robertson, D. G. (2005) Metabonomic identification of two distinct phen...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Rohde CM,Wells DF,Robosky LC,Manning ML,Clifford CB,Reily MD,Robertson DG

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabolic bioactivation, glutathione depletion, and covalent binding are the early hallmark events after acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. However, the subsequent metabolic consequences contributing to APAP-induced hepatic necrosis and apoptosis have not been fully elucidated. In this study, serum metabolomes of control ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chen C,Krausz KW,Shah YM,Idle JR,Gonzalez FJ

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depleted uranium (DU) is commonly used in military armor and munitions, and thus, exposure of soldiers and non-combatants is potentially frequent and widespread. DU is considered a suspected human carcinogen, affecting the bronchial cells of the lung. However, few investigations have studied DU in human bronchial cell...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wise SS,Thompson WD,Aboueissa AM,Mason MD,Wise JP Sr

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tobacco smoking is one of the leading causes for oral cancer. Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), an environmental pollutant and a tobacco smoke constituent, is the most carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) tested to date in several animal models (target organs: skin, lung, ovary, and mammary tissues). We hav...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Zhang SM,Chen KM,Aliaga C,Sun YW,Lin JM,Sharma AK,Amin S,El-Bayoumy K

更新日期：2011-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:3,N4-Etheno-2'-deoxycytidine, 3-(hydroxyethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, and 3,N4-ethano-2'-deoxy-cytidine are found in DNA of cells treated with either vinyl chloride or 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-nitrosourea. These exocyclic and related DNA adducts were incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides, which were then used as templates f...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Zhang W,Johnson F,Grollman AP,Shibutani S

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a trichothecene mycotoxin that is produced by several species of Fusarium, which may infect grain crops. DON, as well as other type-B trichothecenes, contain an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group that may react with sulfhydryl groups in, for example, amino acids and peptides. Such conjugates have b...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Uhlig S,Ivanova L,Miles CO

更新日期：2020-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA damage and mutations are a major primary cause of cancer. Chemical bombardment of DNA is a major contributor to DNA damage. The Division of Chemical Toxicology recently hosted a panel of researchers who provided updates on the field of chemical toxicology at the nexus of DNA damage and repair. ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Pathira Kankanamge LS,Perera HM,Griffin WC

更新日期：2021-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Enzymatic methylation of cytosine residues in DNA, in conjunction with covalent histone modifications, establishes an epigenetic code essential for the proper control of gene expression in higher organisms. Once established during cellular differentiation, the epigenetic code must be faithfully transmitted to progeny ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Herring JL,Rogstad DK,Sowers LC

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:2,3-Epoxy-4-hydroxynonanal (EH) is a bifunctional aldehyde formed by epoxidation of trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a peroxidation product of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. EH is mutagenic and tumorigenic and capable of modifying DNA bases forming etheno adducts in vitro. Recent studies showed that etheno adducts are...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chen HJ,Zhang L,Cox J,Cunningham JA,Chung FL

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitroaromatic compounds represent a major class of industrial chemicals that are also found in nature. Polycyclic derivatives are regarded as potent mutagens and carcinogens following bioactivation to produce nitrenium electrophiles that covalently modify DNA to afford N-linked C8-2'-deoxyguanosine (C8-dG) lesions tha...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Manning TW,Al-Abdul-Wahid MS,Manderville RA,Josephy PD,Kung RW,Wetmore SD

更新日期：2020-02-17 00:00:00