Genome Repair Takes a Spotlight during the ACS TOXI Meeting.

abstract：:There is interest in the relative toxicities of emissions from electronic cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes. Lists of cigarette smoke priority toxicants have been developed to focus regulatory initiatives. However, a comprehensive assessment of e-cigarette chemical emissions including all tobacco smoke Harmful and Pot...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Margham J,McAdam K,Forster M,Liu C,Wright C,Mariner D,Proctor C

更新日期：2016-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Water samples from the Waka River, which runs through an area housing many chemical industry facilities in Wakayama, Japan, have been found to show significant mutagenicity, especially without a mammalian metabolic activation system (S9 mix) in the Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 strain. Mutagens in the river water were...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Takamura-Enya T,Watanabe T,Tada A,Hirayama T,Nukaya H,Sugimura T,Wakabayashi K

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dimethylarsinic acid (DMAs(V)), the major urinary metabolite of inorganic arsenic, is weakly cytotoxic, whereas its reduced form, dimethylarsinous acid (DMAs(III)), is highly toxic. Although glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) and arsenic methyltransferase have been shown or thought to catalyze DMAs(V) reduction...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Németi B,Gregus Z

更新日期：2013-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are primary targets of free radical damage during oxidative stress. Diffusible electrophilic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), have been shown to modify proteins that mediate cell signaling (e.g., IKK and Keap1) and alter gene expression pathways respo...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Vila A,Tallman KA,Jacobs AT,Liebler DC,Porter NA,Marnett LJ

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical and structural alterations to lysozyme (LYSO), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and bovine eye lens proteins (BLP) promoted by peroxyl radicals generated by the thermal decomposition of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) under aerobic conditions were investigated. SDS-PAGE analysis of...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Arenas A,López-Alarcón C,Kogan M,Lissi E,Davies MJ,Silva E

更新日期：2013-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:This study addresses the detection and characterization of the modification of human serum albumin (HSA) by amoxicillin (AX) in ex vivo samples from healthy subjects under oral amoxicillin administration (acute intake of 1 g every 8 h for 48 h). To reach this goal, we used an analytical strategy based on targeted and ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Garzon D,Ariza A,Regazzoni L,Clerici R,Altomare A,Sirtori FR,Carini M,Torres MJ,Pérez-Sala D,Aldini G

更新日期：2014-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Catechol estrogens (CE) are among the major metabolites of estrone (E1) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2). Oxidation of these metabolites to semiquinones and quinones could generate ultimate carcinogenic forms of E1 and E2. The 2,3- and 3,4-quinones of E1 and E2 were synthesized by MnO2 oxidation of the corresponding CE, fol...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dwivedy I,Devanesan P,Cremonesi P,Rogan E,Cavalieri E

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolic pathways of dietary flavonoids are still largely unknown. In the present work, mass spectrometry and UV-vis spectroscopy studies were used to show that the naturally occurring flavonoid catechin underwent enzymatic oxidation by tyrosinase in the presence of glutathione (GSH) to form mono-, bi-, and tri-g...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Moridani MY,Scobie H,Salehi P,O'Brien PJ

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic arsenic is a strong carcinogen, possibly by interaction with the telomere length. The aim of the study was to evaluate how chronic arsenic exposure from drinking water as well as the arsenic metabolism efficiency affect the individual telomere length and the expression of telomere-related genes. Two hundred ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Li H,Engström K,Vahter M,Broberg K

更新日期：2012-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is an important antibiotic in the management of patients with cystic fibrosis, but allergic reactions may develop thus restricting therapy. The aim of this study was to utilize drug (metabolite) antigens to diagnose SMX-mediated allergic reactions in patients with cystic fibrosis. Lymphocytes fr...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lavergne SN,Whitaker P,Peckham D,Conway S,Park BK,Naisbitt DJ

更新日期：2010-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Quinones represent a class of toxicological intermediates which can create a variety of hazardous effects in vivo, including acute cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. The mechanisms by which quinones cause these effects can be quite complex. Quinones are Michael acceptors, and cellular damage can occur t...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Bolton JL,Trush MA,Penning TM,Dryhurst G,Monks TJ

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrophobic and volatile chemicals have proven to be difficult to dose in cell assays. Cosolvents are often needed to dissolve these chemicals in cell culture medium. Moreover, the free concentration of these chemicals in culture medium may diminish over time due to metabolism, evaporation, and nonspecific binding to ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Kramer NI,Busser FJ,Oosterwijk MT,Schirmer K,Escher BI,Hermens JL

更新日期：2010-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of proteins to radicals in the presence of O(2) brings about multiple changes in the target molecules. These alterations include oxidation of side chains, fragmentation, cross-linking, changes in hydrophobicity and conformation, altered susceptibility to proteolytic enzymes, and formation of new reactive grou...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Headlam HA,Mortimer A,Easton CJ,Davies MJ

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:β-Lapachone (β-lap) is a promising antitumoral agent. DNA base oxidation and alkylation are among the expected damages by β-lap. Herein, we have explored the role that the homologous recombination pathway (HR), a critical DNA repair process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has in the cytotoxic profile of β-lap. We have fu...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Quevedo O,García-Luis J,Lorenzo-Castrillejo I,Machín F

更新日期：2011-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Successful early attrition of potential problematic compounds is of great importance in the pharmaceutical industry. The lead compound in a recent project targeting neuropathic pain was susceptible to metabolic bioactivation, which produced reactive metabolites and showed covalent binding to protein. Therefore, as a p...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lenz EM,Martin S,Schmidt R,Morin PE,Smith R,Weston DJ,Bayrakdarian M

更新日期：2014-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The nuclear receptor human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor that responds to a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic molecules. Upon activation with ligands, hPXR can increase induction levels of metabolic enzymes. Therefore, hPXR plays a critical role in drug metabolism and excr...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chen CN,Shih YH,Ding YL,Leong MK

更新日期：2011-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The P450 type cytochromes are responsible for the metabolism of a wide variety of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Although P450-catalyzed reactions are generally thought to lead to detoxication of xenobiotics, the reactions can also produce reactive intermediates that can react with cellular macromolecules leadi...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Hollenberg PF,Kent UM,Bumpus NN

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both cooked red meat intake and chronic inflammation/infection are thought to play a role in the etiology of colon cancer. The heterocyclic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f ]quinoline (IQ) is formed during cooking of red meat and may be involved in initiation of colon cancer. Reactive nitrogen oxygen species (RNOS)...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Lakshmi VM,Hsu FF,Zenser TV

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reduced transcriptomic approach allows full dose range testing of hundreds of chemicals or mixtures using human cells or zebrafish embryos. Points of departure of genes and pathways can be used for potency ranking and to classify chemicals by disrupted biological pathways. ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Dai J

更新日期：2018-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Many herbal medicines such as epimedium have been reported to cause adverse effects, and icaritin is the common aglycone of many glucosides in epimedium. Our present work aimed at the clarification of the metabolic activation of icaritin possibly responsible for the adverse effects of epimedium. A quinone methide meta...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Chen Y,Guo X,Ma Y,Hu X,Peng Y,Zheng J

更新日期：2019-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlorophyllin (CHL), a food-grade derivative of the green plant pigment chlorophyll, has recently been shown in this laboratory to be a potent inhibitor in vivo of hepatic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-DNA adduction and hepatocarcinogenesis (Breinholt et al. (1995) Cancer Res. 55, 57-62). We report here that CHL forms a strong ...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Breinholt V,Schimerlik M,Dashwood R,Bailey G

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are useful in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer, the SERM tamoxifen has been associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer possibly due to metabolism to electrophilic quinoids. Another SERM, arzoxifene is currently in clinical trials for the...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Liu H,Liu J,van Breemen RB,Thatcher GR,Bolton JL

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) end points are important hazard end points that need to be addressed in the risk assessment of chemicals to determine whether or not they are the critical effects in the overall risk assessment. These hazard end points are difficult to predict using current in silico tool...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wu S,Fisher J,Naciff J,Laufersweiler M,Lester C,Daston G,Blackburn K

更新日期：2013-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously, we reported a new animal model of an idiosyncratic drug reaction in which nevirapine causes a skin rash in some rats that has characteristics similar to the reaction that occurs in humans. Strong evidence that the reaction is immune-mediated was found; specifically, low-dose pretreatment induced tolerance,...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Shenton JM,Popovic M,Chen J,Masson MJ,Uetrecht JP

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) metabolize alkyl- and arylamines, generating several different products. For the primary and secondary amines, some of these reactions result in hydroxylated amines, which may be toxic. Thus, when designing new drugs containing amine groups, it is important to be able to predict if a giv...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Seger ST,Rydberg P,Olsen L

更新日期：2015-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The benzophenanthridine alkaloids nitidine and fagaronine were characterized as inhibitors of topoisomerase I function. In common with the antitumor agent camptothecin, both nitidine and fagaronine stabilized the covalent binary complex formed between calf thymus topoisomerase I and DNA. The effects of these compounds...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Wang LK,Johnson RK,Hecht SM

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) moiety [CH3N(N=O)C(=O)NH-] linked to the C4'-position of the 5-substituted phenyl ring of phenyl neutral red (PNR), 2-methyl-3-amino-5-[p-[[2-[(N-nitroso-N-methylcarbamoyl)amino]ethy l] carbamoyl]phenyl]-7-(dimethylamino)phenazenium chloride (MNU-PNR), has been synthesized as an approac...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Mehta P,Church K,Williams J,Chen FX,Encell L,Shuker DE,Gold B

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report on the generation of computer-based models for the prediction of the chromosome-damaging potential of chemicals as assessed in the in vitro chromosome aberration (CA) test. On the basis of publicly available CA-test results of more than 650 chemical substances, half of which are drug-like compounds, we gener...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Rothfuss A,Steger-Hartmann T,Heinrich N,Wichard J

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of powerful analytical technologies to detect endogenous carbonyls formed as byproducts of oxidative cell injury has revealed that these species contribute to many human diseases. As electrophiles, they are attacked by reactive centers in cell macromolecules to form adducts, the levels of which serve as useful...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Burcham PC

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are prone to dissolution, and uncertainty remains whether biological/cellular responses to ZnO NPs are solely due to the release of Zn(2+) or whether the NPs themselves have additional toxic effects. We address this by establishing ZnO NP solubility in dispersion media (Dulbecco's modified Eagl...

journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology

authors： Mu Q,David CA,Galceran J,Rey-Castro C,Krzemiński L,Wallace R,Bamiduro F,Milne SJ,Hondow NS,Brydson R,Vizcay-Barrena G,Routledge MN,Jeuken LJ,Brown AP

更新日期：2014-04-21 00:00:00