Abstract:
:Depleted uranium (DU) is commonly used in military armor and munitions, and thus, exposure of soldiers and non-combatants is potentially frequent and widespread. DU is considered a suspected human carcinogen, affecting the bronchial cells of the lung. However, few investigations have studied DU in human bronchial cells. Accordingly, we determined the cytotoxicity and clastogenicity of both particulate (water-insoluble) and soluble DU in human bronchial fibroblasts (WTHBF-6 cells). We used uranium trioxide (UO3) and uranyl acetate (UA) as prototypical particulate and soluble DU salts, respectively. After a 24 h exposure, both UO3 and UA induced concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in WTHBF-6 cells. Specifically, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 microg/cm2 UO3 induced 99, 57, 32, and 1% relative survival, respectively. Similarly, 100, 200, 400, and 800 microM UA induced 98, 92, 70, and 56% relative survival, respectively. When treated with chronic exposure, up to 72 h, of either UO3 or UA, there was an increased degree of cytotoxicity. We assessed the clastogenicity of these compounds and found that at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 5 microg/cm2 UO3, 5, 6, 10, and 15% of metaphase cells exhibit some form of chromosome damage. UA did not induce chromosome damage above background levels. There were slight increases in chromosome damage induced when we extended the UO3 treatment time to 48 or 72 h, but no meaningful increase in chromosome damage was observed with chronic exposure to UA.
journal_name
Chem Res Toxicoljournal_title
Chemical research in toxicologyauthors
Wise SS,Thompson WD,Aboueissa AM,Mason MD,Wise JP Srdoi
10.1021/tx700026rsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-05-01 00:00:00pages
815-20issue
5eissn
0893-228Xissn
1520-5010journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract::3,N4-Etheno-2'-deoxycytidine, 3-(hydroxyethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, and 3,N4-ethano-2'-deoxy-cytidine are found in DNA of cells treated with either vinyl chloride or 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-nitrosourea. These exocyclic and related DNA adducts were incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides, which were then used as templates f...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx00043a021
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of studies was conducted to investigate the potential of (R)- and (S)-2-phenylpropionic acid (2-PPA) to undergo enantioselective covalent binding to protein in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and to determine whether such covalent binding is dependent on acyl glucuronidation or acyl-CoA formation of 2-PPA. H...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx025600l
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reaction of chromium(VI) with hydrogen peroxide was studied in the presence of glutathione. In vitro, reaction of chromium(VI) with hydrogen peroxide alone led to production of hydroxyl radical as the significant reactive intermediate, while reaction of chromium(VI) with glutathione led to formation of two chromiu...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx00018a016
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P) is one of the most potent carcinogens ever tested in mouse skin and rat mammary gland. DB[a,l]P is present in cigarette smoke and, presumably, in other environmental pollutants. Metabolism and mutagenicity studies of this compound compared to the weak carcinogen dibenzo[a,e]pyrene (DB[a,e...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx00018a014
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) by lipid ozonation products is reported. The principal products from the ozonation of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) are 1-palmitoyl-2-[8-[3(5-octyl-1,2,4-trioxolan-3-yl)octanoyl]--sn-gly cero-3- phosphocholine (PC-Criegee ozonide) and 1-palmitoyl-2-(9...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx00039a026
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contact allergy is caused by a wide range of chemicals after skin contact. Its clinical manifestation, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), is developed upon repeated contact with the allergen. This perspective focuses on two areas that have yielded new useful information during the last 20 years: (i) structure-activity...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1021/tx7002239
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methylmercury (MeHg) reacts readily with GSH, leading to the formation of a MeHg-SG adduct that is excreted into extracellular space through multidrug-resistance-associated protein (MRP), which is regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2. We previously reported that MeHg covalently modifies Keap1 and activates Nrf2 ...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx5002332
更新日期:2014-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::Electrophilic DNA adducts produced following oxidative stress can form DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs), dramatically altering genomic maintenance pathways. Complete characterization of DPCs has been hindered, in part, because of a lack of comprehensive techniques for their analysis. We have, therefore, established a pr...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx400384e
更新日期:2014-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::The Escherichia coli NarI restriction enzyme recognition site 5'G1G2C3G4C5C63' is a mutational hotspot for -2 deletions in E. coli plasmid pBR322, resulting in the sequence 5'GGCC3' when G4 is modified by the aromatic amine N-2-(acetyl)aminofluorene (AAF) [Burnouf, D., Koehl, P., and Fuchs, R. P. P. (1995) Proc. Natl....
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx980106w
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trans-Resveratrol (tRes) has been shown to have powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antiaging properties; however, its use as a therapeutic agent is limited by its rapid metabolism into its conjugated forms by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). The aim of the current study was to test the ...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx400408x
更新日期:2014-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::Because of the association between inhalation of airborne particulate matter (PM) and human respiratory and cardiovascular disease, it is necessary to understand the tissue damage induced by these particles. One of the cell types principally involved in the body's reaction to PM are macrophages, which remove particles...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx034118f
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was conducted to investigate the protein adducts with pesticides in a cohort of 172 factory workers that were exposed to a mixture of pesticides. The 35 samples showing considerable variation in biochemical parameters, i.e., butyrylcholinestrase (BChE), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glut...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00222
更新日期:2016-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to distinguish and evaluate the contribution of reactive metabolite and reactive oxygen species as the mechanism of metabolism-dependent valproic acid-induced in vitro cytotoxicity. The involvement of reactive oxygen species in the mechanism of in vitro cytotoxicity was examined by the addition...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx9801864
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Butadiene monoxide, a toxic metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, is a substrate for the human placental glutathione (GSH) S-transferase. The products have been identified as S-(2-hydroxy-3-buten-1-yl)glutathione (I) and S-(1-hydroxy-3-buten-2-yl)glutathione (II). S-(4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl)glutathione (III), which was formed c...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx00022a006
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are suspect lung cancer carcinogens that must be metabolically converted into DNA-reactive metabolites. P4501A1/P4501B1 plus epoxide hydrolase activate PAH to (+/-)- anti-benzo[ a]pyrene diol epoxide ((+/-)- anti-BPDE), which causes bulky DNA adducts. Alternatively, aldo-keto re...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx700404a
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In May 1981, a massive food-borne intoxication occurred in Spain. The so-called toxic oil syndrome (TOS) was associated with the consumption of aniline-denatured and refined rapeseed oil that was illegally sold as edible olive oil. Fatty acid anilides and fatty acid derivatives of 3-(phenylamino)propane-1,2-diol were ...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx990105j
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The synthesis of a series of 1,2,4-triazole-containing oligopeptide lexitropsins related to the natural antitumor antibiotic distamycin is described. The binding properties of these new agents to both native DNAs and synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotides were determined by UV absorption and circular dichroism studies. Th...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx00020a019
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anxiolytic kava products have been associated with rare but severe hepatotoxicity in humans. This adverse potential has never been captured in animal models, and the responsible compound(s) remains to be determined. The lack of such knowledge greatly hinders the preparation of a safer kava product and limits its benef...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx5003194
更新日期:2014-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::The genotoxicity of the dihydrofurans aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), and sterigmatocystin (STG) was examined in a bacterial system in which the induction of SOS repair is monitored with the umuC gene linked to a lacZ reporter gene in plasmid pSK1002. Human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450NF oxidized the di...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx00008a008
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA-DNA cross-linking by 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB) is considered the molecular basis for its potent cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. DEB reactions with DNA initially lead to N7-(2'-hydroxy-3',4'-epoxybut-1'-yl)-guanine monoadducts, which can then alkylate neighboring DNA bases to form bifunctional lesions. We recent...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx060204e
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trichloroethylene (TCE), a widely used industrial solvent, is a common environmental contaminant. We previously reported that TCE-induced changes in DNA methylation and miRNA expression contributed to the development of a liver tumor in mice. In this study, we investigated the role of long intergenic noncoding RNA (Li...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00382
更新日期:2020-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are important human carcinogens in tobacco products. They are metabolized to produce a variety 4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobutyl (POB) DNA adducts including O(2)-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]thymidine (O(2)-POB-dT), the most abundant POB adduc...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00468
更新日期:2016-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of chlorination of catechol (CAT) derivatives of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on the induction of cytotoxicity and DNA damaging effects in calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) and in two human breast carcinoma cell lines. Results indicated that with the addition of the transition...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx0498511
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A transient energy impairment with resultant release and subsequent reuptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and NMDA receptor activation with consequent cytoplasmic superoxide (O(2)(-)(*)), nitric oxide (NO(*)), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) generation have all been implicated in a neurotoxic cascade which ultimately lea...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx020029b
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that shows potent nephrotoxicity and renal carcinogenicity in rodents. One hypothesis for OTA-induced tumor formation is based on its genotoxic properties that are promoted by oxidative metabolism. Like other chlorinated phenols, OTA undergoes an oxidative dechlorination process to ge...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx060138g
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two major metabolites after S-oxygenation of dimethylthiourea (dimethylaminoiminomethane sulfinic acid, DMAIMSA, and dimethylaminoiminomethane sulfonic acid, DMAIMSOA) were synthesized and tested for their reactivities in the presence of mild oxidants, aqueous iodine and acidic iodate. The stoichiometry of the iod...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx050089s
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A diverse series of polarized alpha,beta-unsaturated and related compounds were evaluated for reactivity with a spectrophotometric assay using the sulfhydryl group in the form of the cysteine residue of the tripeptide GSH as a model nucleophile. The reactive end point (RC 50) calculations were compared to previously d...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx700212u
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells respond to stress by controlling gene expression at several levels, with little known about the role of translation. Here, we demonstrate a coordinated translational stress response system involving stress-specific reprogramming of tRNA wobble modifications that leads to selective translation of codon-biased mRN...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00004
更新日期:2015-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::The bay region epoxide of benzo[a]pyrene (anti-BPDE) alkylates DNA to form adducts with >98% trans stereochemistry. Halide ions catalyze this reaction; however, this pathway is characterized by the formation of adducts with altered cis stereochemistry. Bay region halohydrins are possible intermediates in these reactio...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx980056v
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced myocardial infarction (DIMI) is one of the most serious adverse drug effects that often lead to death. Therefore, the identification of DIMI at the early stages of drug development is essential. For this purpose, the in vitro testing and in silico prediction of interactions between drug-like substances an...
journal_title:Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/tx500147d
更新日期:2014-07-21 00:00:00