Covering their butts: responses to the cigarette litter problem.

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess tobacco promotion intensity, retailer behaviours and tobacco company efforts to link retailer marketing to online channels. METHODS:We completed an audit of tobacco advertisements and promotions at 1000 randomly selected cigarette retailers in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia that included an observation ...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Astuti PAS,Kurniasari NMD,Mulyawan KH,Sebayang SK,Freeman B

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess beliefs about the tar and nicotine delivery characteristics and health benefits of Light and Ultra Light cigarettes among cigarette smokers. DESIGN:Random digit dialed telephone survey conducted in September 1999. SUBJECTS:Daily smokers (n = 2120) of Regular (46%), Light (39%), and Ultra Light (15...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Shiffman S,Pillitteri JL,Burton SL,Rohay JM,Gitchell JG

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:The European Union (EU) Tobacco Products Directive that bans sales of snus (a form of oral tobacco) in EU countries other than Sweden is currently under review. Major tobacco companies favour the ban being overturned. This study aims to explore compliance with the current ban on snus sales and examines the cond...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Peeters S,Gilmore AB

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Tobacco control policies focused on the retail environment have the potential to reduce tobacco use and tobacco-related health disparities through increasing direct and indirect costs. Recently, national and subnational governments have begun to restrict the sale of menthol products and reduce tobacco reta...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Combs TB,McKay VR,Ornstein J,Mahoney M,Cork K,Brosi D,Kasman M,Heuberger B,Hammond RA,Luke D

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To address the health hazards tobacco smoking imposes upon non-smokers in China, this paper estimates the burden of diseases in adults from passive tobacco smoking for two major diseases--lung cancer and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). METHODS:The disease burden was estimated in terms of both premature mortal...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Gan Q,Smith KR,Hammond SK,Hu TW

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare trends in smoking behaviour and use of cigarette brands by adults and adolescents. DESIGN:Data analysed in this paper come from tobacco use surveys of adults and teenagers conducted in 18 communities in the United States, as part of the National Cancer Institute's Community Intervention Trial for ...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Cummings KM,Hyland A,Pechacek TF,Orlandi M,Lynn WR

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two products indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and popular among South Asians globally - paan and paan masala - are inconsistently categorised as tobacco by researchers, clinicians, program planners and policymakers. This article calls for a universally standard classification of these smokeless carcinogenic produ...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Mukherjea A,Modayil MV,Tong EK

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco often elicits negative connotations of a lower class product, uptake and use by young adult smokers has grown because RYO is more cost-effective than tailor-made (TM) cigarettes. We explored the practices and beliefs young adults develop to distance themselves from unattr...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Hoek J,Ferguson S,Court E,Gallopel-Morvan K

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Although numerous studies describe the quantity and nature of tobacco marketing in stores, fewer studies examine the industry's attempts to reach youth at the point of sale. This study examines whether cigarette marketing is more prevalent in stores where adolescents shop frequently. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PAR...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Henriksen L,Feighery EC,Schleicher NC,Haladjian HH,Fortmann SP

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The Food and Drug Administration can reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes to very low levels. This potential regulatory action is hypothesised to improve public health by reducing smoking, but may have unintended consequences related to weight gain. METHODS:Weight gain was evaluated from a double-blind...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Rupprecht LE,Koopmeiners JS,Dermody SS,Oliver JA,al'Absi M,Benowitz NL,Denlinger-Apte R,Drobes DJ,Hatsukami D,McClernon FJ,Pacek LR,Smith TT,Sved AF,Tidey J,Vandrey R,Donny EC

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the perceived effectiveness of cigarette health warnings in China, compared with picture and text-only warnings from other countries. METHOD:1169 individuals (adult smokers, adult nonsmokers and youth) from four Chinese cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Kunming and Yinchuan) viewed 10 health warnings on c...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Fong GT,Hammond D,Jiang Y,Li Q,Quah AC,Driezen P,Yan M,ITC China Project Team.

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Few studies have examined the impact of tobacco tax and price policies in China. In addition, very little is known about the differential responses to tax and price increases based on socioeconomic status in China. OBJECTIVE:To estimate the conditional cigarette consumption price elasticity among adult urba...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Huang J,Zheng R,Chaloupka FJ,Fong GT,Jiang Y

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:It has been suggested that inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity by components of cigarette smoke may impact on smoking addiction, but it is unclear to what extent the known MAO inhibitors in tobacco smoke cause this inhibition. METHODS:MAO inhibitory activity was measured in a series of tobacco pa...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Lewis AJ,Truman P,Hosking MR,Miller JH

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the proportion of countries/territories that allow sales of tobacco products and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in community pharmacies. METHODS:International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) member organisations were contacted by email and asked to respond to a two-item survey assess...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Hudmon KS,Elkhadragy N,Kusynová Z,Besançon L,Brock TP,Corelli RL

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Package quantity refers to the number of cigarettes or amount of other tobacco product in a package. Many countries restrict minimum cigarette package quantities to avoid low-cost packs that may lower barriers to youth smoking. METHODS:We reviewed Truth Tobacco Industry Documents to understand tobacco com...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Persoskie A,Donaldson EA,Ryant C

更新日期：2018-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To summarise the issues and empirical evidence for reduction of children's residential environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. DATA SOURCES:Literature was obtained by computer search, with emphasis on studies that included quantitative measures of ETS exposure in children's residences and interventions b...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Hovell MF,Zakarian JM,Wahlgren DR,Matt GE

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Pakistan has a large population of tobacco users, with about 24 million adults consuming tobacco products in one form or another. There is a dearth of research on the impact of a reduction in tobacco use on Pakistan's economy which can inform policy-makers on the extent that tobacco control measures would af...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Saleem W,Iqbal MA

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The loss of productivity arising from tobacco use in low/middle-income countries has not been well described. We sought to examine the impact of cigarette smoking on population health and work productivity in Malaysia using a recently published measure, the productivity-adjusted life year (PALY). METHODS:A ...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Tan QY,Zomer E,Owen AJ,Chin KL,Liew D

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) is a seminal event in tobacco control and in global health. Scientific evidence guided the creation of the FCTC, and as the treaty moves into its implementation phase, scientific evidence can be used to guide the formulation of evidence-based tobacco control policies....

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Fong GT,Cummings KM,Shopland DR,ITC Collaboration.

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of smoking on the wealth of US young baby boomers. METHODOLOGY:The research analyses self reported responses of both smoking habits and wealth holdings from a nationally representative sample of US individuals born between 1957 to 1964 (n = 8908). Data are from four waves (1984, 199...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Zagorsky JL

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the claim that the tobacco industry does not market its products to youth. DESIGN:The data for this study come from tobacco industry documents collected from the tobacco industry's document websites, presently linked at http://www.tobaccoarchives.com. The websites were searched using "request for...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Cummings KM,Morley CP,Horan JK,Steger C,Leavell NR

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study is to examine the cross-sectional prevalence of use and 3-year longitudinal pathways of cigar use in US youth (12-17 years), young adults (18-24 years), and adults 25+ (25 years or older). DESIGN:Data were drawn from the first three waves (2013-2016) of the Population Assessment of Tob...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Edwards KC,Sharma E,Halenar MJ,Taylor KA,Kasza KA,Day H,Hammad HT,Anic G,Bansal-Travers M,Limpert J,Gardner LD,Borek N,Kimmel HL,Compton WM,Hyland A,Stanton CA

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tobacco-free generation proposal advocates legislation precluding the sale and supply of tobacco to individuals born after a certain year. The measure is aimed at overcoming defects with current youth access laws that suffer from rite-of-passage and mixed signalling effects. Since its introduction in 2010, the pro...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Berrick AJ

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To test whether community-level restrictions on youth access to tobacco (including both ordinances and enforcement) are associated with less smoking initiation or less progression to established smoking among adolescents. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study of a random sample of adolescents in Massachusetts whos...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Thomson CC,Hamilton WL,Siegel MB,Biener L,Rigotti NA

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:After North Carolina (NC) fire inspectors detected unsafe carbon monoxide (CO) levels inside several waterpipe cafés, the state fire code was amended to include provisions regulating waterpipe cafés, adding a requirement for air ventilation. These regulations apply to new buildings constructed after 1 Januar...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Seidenberg AB,Orlan EN,Travers MJ,Sutfin EL

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In jurisdictions in which electronic cigarettes are currently prohibited, policy makers must weigh the potentially lower risk compared with conventional cigarettes against the risk of initiation of e-cigarettes among non-smokers. METHODS:We simulated a synthetic population over a 50-year time horizon with a...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Doan TTT,Tan KW,Dickens BSL,Lean YA,Yang Q,Cook AR

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Efforts to control environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) could be assisted if the tobacco control movement gave greater emphasis to the issue of individual rights. Benefits that may accrue from the promotion of a clear individual rights perspective in tobacco control include adding coherence to the tobacco control advocac...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Katz JE

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In countries banning advertising and display of tobacco at point-of-sale, little is known about tobacco companies' continuing promotion of products through incentives and benefits to retailers. METHOD:A telephone survey of 4527 randomly selected Australian retailers was conducted in August 2018, and identif...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Watts C,Burton S,Freeman B,Phillips F,Kennington K,Scollo M,Lindorff K,Egger S

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The USA is considering a very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarette standard. We sought to characterise the prevalence and correlates of the incorrect belief that VLNC cigarettes are less carcinogenic than current cigarettes, as this could reduce motivation to quit. METHODS:Participants were a nationally rep...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Byron MJ,Jeong M,Abrams DB,Brewer NT

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Marketing claims often have promoted specific perceptions that users should expect from acutely smoking that cigarette brand. Yet, little controlled study has determined the degree to which actual perceptions are based on the cigarette's tobacco constituents in the absence of knowledge about the brand's iden...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Perkins KA,Karelitz JL

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00