Insulin resistance determines phagocytic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase overactivation in metabolic syndrome patients.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with insulin resistance and increases the cardiovascular risk. Oxidative stress constitutes a potential mechanism that links insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of NADPH oxidase activation with insulin resistance, and the effect of this interaction on the cardiovascular risk in MetS patients. METHODS:NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production and expression was evaluated by luminescence and western blot, respectively, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 125 patients with MetS. Insulin resistance was defined by the homeostasis model assessment index. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in plasma samples. To ascertain the mechanisms involved in vivo, we performed in-vitro experiments in cultured macrophages. RESULTS:Fifty-six percent of patients with MetS showed insulin resistance. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels were higher (P < 0.05) in insulin-resistant patients than in patients with insulin sensitivity. NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production was augmented (P < 0.05) in insulin-resistant patients with respect to insulin-sensitive patients. The interaction between insulin resistance and abnormally high NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production was associated with the highest matrix metalloproteinase-9 values. Increased NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production was significantly associated with higher NADPH oxidase p22phox expression in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive patients. Interestingly, insulin upregulated p22phox in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in murine macrophages. CONCLUSION:Insulin resistance is associated with phagocytic NADPH oxidase activation. This association results in the highest cardiovascular risk in MetS patients.

journal_name

J Hypertens

journal_title

Journal of hypertension

authors

Fortuño A,Bidegain J,San José G,Robador PA,Landecho MF,Beloqui O,Díez J,Zalba G

doi

10.1097/HJH.0b013e32832b1e8f

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2009-07-01 00:00:00

pages

1420-30

issue

7

eissn

0263-6352

issn

1473-5598

journal_volume

27

pub_type

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