Abstract:
BACKGROUND:International time trends in asthma mortality have played an important sentinel role in the identification of two epidemics of asthma mortality in some countries in the 1960s and the 1970s and 1980s. Since then, little attention has been paid to the ongoing international time trends. METHODS:Country-specific data on asthma mortality rates since 1960 in the 5- to 34-year-old age group were collated. To be included in the analysis, countries were required to have data available prior to 1980. A scatter plot smoothing technique was used to model the change in asthma mortality rates with time. RESULTS:Asthma mortality rates from 20 countries were included in the analysis. An increase in asthma mortality rates was found in the 1960s, with a mean increase of 53% from 0.55 per 100,000 in 1960 and 1961 to a peak of 0.84 in 1966 and 1967. This trend was followed by a progressive decline to a nadir of 0.45 per 100,000 in 1974 and 1975. A gradual increase was then found in asthma mortality rates to a peak of 0.62 per 100,000 in 1985 and 1986, with a mean increase of 38% during this period. Since the late 1980s, there has been a widespread and progressive reduction in mortality rates to a level of 0.23 per 100,000 in 2004 and 2005, with a mean reduction of 63% during this period. CONCLUSIONS:The widespread increase in asthma mortality in the 1980s and the subsequent, even greater reduction has largely gone unrecognized. We propose that awareness of such trends and their causes is important and that they are investigated contemporaneously.
journal_name
Chestjournal_title
Chestauthors
Wijesinghe M,Weatherall M,Perrin K,Crane J,Beasley Rdoi
10.1378/chest.08-2082subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-04-01 00:00:00pages
1045-1049issue
4eissn
0012-3692issn
1931-3543pii
S0012-3692(09)60259-2journal_volume
135pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
CHEST文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:Traditional diagnostic tests for pericardial tuberculosis (TB) are insensitive and often require long culture periods, and this has led to more emphasis being placed on biochemical tests such as the pericardial adenosine deaminase (ADA) test. However, controversy exists as to its diagnostic utility. In addit...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.122.3.900
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aortopulmonary window is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. When it coexists with a ventricular septal defect, the accurate diagnosis of aortopulmonary window on the basis of clinical examination is difficult. We report the case of an infant who had an aortopulmonary window together with a ventricular septal defect. A...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.101.1.280
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malignant pleural effusion is associated with short life expectancy and significant morbidity. A randomized controlled trial comparing indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) with talc pleurodesis found that IPCs reduced in-hospital time and the need for additional procedures but were associated with excess adve...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1378/chest.13-2481
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) who survive to adulthood experience a slow, continuous loss of motor function but typically have a normal life expectancy. These patients, however, require vigilance on the part of their health-care providers to reverse treatable disorders to maintain a satisfactory quality of...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.126.5.1705
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Residual volume (RV) was obtained by subtracting vital capacity from total lung capacity determined by the single breath helium dilution (TLCsb) to measure CO diffusing capacity in 2,680 subjects (8 to 64 years old) of a general population sample. There were 712 normal subjects (243 male and 469 female subjects) selec...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.102.4.1209
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exacerbations of sarcoidosis are common. In particular, exacerbations of pulmonary sarcoidosis are reported in more than one-third of patients. Despite their frequent occurrence, there is little medical evidence concerning the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary exacerbations of sarcoidosis. In this arti...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1378/chest.12-1060
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Irradiation therapy for lung cancer is mostly restricted to conventional methods. To improve therapeutic ratio, we have combined a treatment planning and a gene therapy approach. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy is described as carried out by methods of gene therapy for radiation protection using the manganese...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1378/chest.113.1_supplement.46s
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expired gas and gas leaked via thoracostomy tubes was collected in nine patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and bronchopleural fistulas. Mean minute ventilation in the group was 23.9 +/- 7.5 L/min with 31 +/- 23 percent of the gas escaping via the leak. Carbon dioxide was present in the leaked...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.91.3.400
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The measure of sputum eosinophil counts is a useful tool in the investigation of occupational asthma (OA), but processing sputum is time consuming. Measuring the fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) may be an alternative in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the respect...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1378/chest.09-2081
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)-induced pulmonary disease has been described as either an allergic interstitial pneumonitis or a cause of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. The mechanism of this rare life-threatening side effect is largely unknown. Many patients show peripheral leukopenia and extensive immunologic studies rev...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.10-0944
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have described oxygen delivery (DO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) relationships in patients with ARDS and other acute diseases that suggest occasions when VO2 may be dependent on the supply of oxygen, ie, DO2. We studied 127 postoperative patients who developed ARDS to evaluate the relationship of DO2...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.102.3.906
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate measurements of respiratory sensation in ILD, we compared ratings of breathlessness from three clinical scales with the perceived magnitude of added elastic loads in 20 symptomatic ILD patients. Dyspnea ratings were obtained by two independent observers for each clinical method. Perceived magnitude of four...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.96.4.767
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dyspnea after polio can occur for a variety of reasons, including neuromuscular disease and upper airway abnormalities resulting from prolonged intubation, including tracheal stenosis, tracheomalacia, and vocal cord paralysis. Routine studies such as spirometry and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) measurements can ...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.105.3.777
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acetazolamide and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) are two respiratory stimulants that can be used in patients with stable hypercapnic COPD. DESIGN AND METHODS:The effects of acetazolamide, 250 mg bid, and MPA, 30 mg bid, on daytime and nighttime blood gas values and the influences on the hypercapnic and h...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1378/chest.123.5.1450
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Average volume-assured pressure support (AVAPS) has been introduced as a new additional mode for a bilevel pressure ventilation (BPV) device (BiPAP; Respironics; Murrysville, PA), but studies on the physiologic and clinical effects have not yet been performed. There is a particular need to better define the ...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1378/chest.130.3.815
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:There have been many studies on the physical characteristics at the time of contraction of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP), but it has not been shown when and how such physical characteristics develop. These issues were investigated. PATIENTS AND DESIGN:Physical development of 27 male patient...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.116.4.899
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To assess the consequences of nitrate withdrawal in angina-free and hemodynamically stable coronary patients. DESIGN:Prospective, open, intervention study. SETTING:Cardiology outpatient clinic of a university-affiliated municipal hospital. PATIENTS:Angina-free patients who were hemodynamically stabl...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0012-3692(15)33392-4
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Unlike studies on leg exercise, reports on the regulation of dynamic hyperinflation during arm exercise are scanty. We ascertained the following in patients with COPD: (1) whether and to what extent upper-limb exercise results in dynamic hyperinflation, and (2) the mechanism whereby an arm-training program (...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.128.3.1225
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 60-year-old man presented with features of superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction. On evaluation, he was diagnosed as having angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD). SVC obstruction due to AILD, to our knowledge, has not been described. ...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.100.6.1721
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marked airway obstruction and interference with gas exchange was encountered following institution of general anesthesia for resection of a cystic subcarinal mass. Intraoperative bronchoscopy revealed marked airway compression. The cyst was decompressed using a transbronchial needle through a fiberbronchoscope. This a...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.97.6.1490
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the role of red blood cell (RBC) antioxidants as clinical markers of oxidative exposure, we measured RBC glutathione (GSH) concentrations in 32 adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and 8 healthy age-matched control subjects. We chose patients with CF because this disease is characterized by severe bro...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.105.5.1470
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since 1986, the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) has imposed an obligation on hospitals and physicians to evaluate and stabilize patients who present to a hospital ED seeking care. Available sanctions for noncompliance include fines, damages awarded in civil litigation, and exclusion from Medicare. E...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1378/chest.14-2046
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare sublingual PCO(2) (PslCO(2)) measurements with gastric intramucosal PCO(2) (PimCO(2)) as well as with the traditional indexes of tissue oxygenation in hemodynamically unstable ICU patients. DESIGN:A prospective, validation study. SETTING:The medical and coronary ICUs of a community teaching hospi...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.120.3.923
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute hypoxemia produces opposite effects on the pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance. To assess the influence of acute hypoxemia on cardiac murmurs, 36 patients with a single valvular or congenital heart lesion were studied. As expected from these hemodynamic effects, right-sided regurgitant type murmurs increa...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.81.2.159
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the systemic and coronary hemodynamic changes associated with the administration of diltiazem, a recent calcium antagonist, were evaluated in three different situations as follows: following a 200 microgram/kg intravenous bolus of the drug in 12 open-chest anesthetized dogs; following two successive int...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.78.1_supplement.224
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of amiodarone pulmonary toxicity (APT) occurring within days of the start of therapy and presenting with hemoptysis is reported. Both the very early onset and the presenting symptom are highly unusual in this entity. Implications in the diagnosis of APT are discussed. ...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.111.5.1446
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is unclear whether an abnormal swallowing reflex affects COPD exacerbations. This study investigated the prevalence of abnormal swallowing reflexes and its relationship with COPD exacerbation prospectively. We also clarified its association with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and airway bacterial ...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.09-0482
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tight glycemic control is recommended for patients in the ICU, as hyperglycemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. DESIGN:Observational cohort of patients admitted to a 12-bed, inner-city, medical ICU (MICU). SUBJECTS:A total of 1,185 of 1,506 patients from July 1, 1999, to December 31, ...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.128.5.3109
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability, repeatability, and sensitivity of the modified shuttle test (MST) in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). DESIGN:: Prospective study. SETTING:Adult CF Unit, Belfast City Hospital. PATIENTS:: Adult patients with CF. INTER...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.117.6.1666
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To analyze the outcome of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and to evaluate the benefits of invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation (MV). DESIGN:Retrospective study. SETTING:University hospital. PATIENTS:Fifteen consecutive patients with IP...
journal_title:Chest
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1378/chest.120.1.209
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00