Abstract：
:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing in prevalence, and is predicted to become the third leading cause of deaths worldwide by 2020. The precise prevalence of COPD is not known, as many individuals with the disease are left undiagnosed, despite the requirement of only simple spirometry testing for disease detection. The major risk factor for the development of COPD is cigarette smoking, with 90% of deaths from COPD directly attributable to smoking. Therefore smoking cessation is the most effective means of halting or slowing the progress of this disease. This review summarizes and compares the differential characteristics of smokers with COPD vs. those without COPD in relation to their smoking behavior and quitting attempts, and discusses the various strategies that can be used to help patients quit and improve their likelihood of long-term smoking cessation. Of the various behavioral interventions available that can increase the likelihood of smoking cessation, one of the simplest and most effective strategies that physicians can use is simply to advise their patients to quit, particularly if this advice is combined with informing the patients of their "lung age". We also discuss the pharmacologic therapies used to enhance the likelihood of quitting, including nicotine replacement, bupropion SR and varenicline, along with novel nicotine vaccines, which are currently undergoing clinical trials.
journal_name
Respir Medjournal_title
Respiratory medicineauthors
Tashkin DP,Murray RPdoi
10.1016/j.rmed.2009.02.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-07-01 00:00:00pages
963-74issue
7eissn
0954-6111issn
1532-3064pii
S0954-6111(09)00065-1journal_volume
103pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Current asthma management guidelines state that where a patient is receiving a low to moderate dose of inhaled corticosteroids and is still experiencing symptoms the dose of corticosteroid should be increased and, if necessary, a long-acting bronchodilator should be added. Many studies have now shown that the addition...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1053/rmed.2001.1140
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated constrictive bronchiolitis is a severe condition with no established efficient treatment. A 55-year-old woman with seropositive RA developed rapidly progressive constrictive bronchiolitis confirmed by lung biopsy. Her clinical condition worsened despite steroids and azathioprine. T...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2004.09.001
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2019.04.002
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abstract：:Inhalation of organic dust from a swine-confinement building leads to an intense inflammatory reaction with an increased number of inflammatory cells and mediators in the upper and lower respiratory tract of previously unexposed subjects. In vitro the dust induces cytokine release from epithelial cells and alveolar ma...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/rmed.2002.1415
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2007.07.002
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abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been proposed as a candidate agent for the cause of sarcoidosis. The QuantiFERON-TB Gold test has a higher specificity for detecting M. tuberculosis infection than the conventional tuberculin skin test. This study aimed to investigate the rate of positive QuantiFE...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2007.09.013
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0954-6111(06)80205-2
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journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2008.03.010
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.001
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition and the fourth leading cause of death in Canada. However, little is known about the impact of COPD on the lives and attitudes of individuals living with this condition. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Canadian...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2009.01.018
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2005.11.008
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Current evidence suggests that blood eosinophil levels (Eos) are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment response and natural history. This analysis investigated the relationship between Eos levels and clinical characteristics in a representative cohort of US subjects with spir...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2016.01.013
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2013.04.023
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mortality rates from lung cancer are known to vary considerably between countries. Differences in patients, disease, investigation and treatment are thought to account for some survival shortfalls but it is not known whether differences in collection or processing of data also contribute. METHODOLOGY:We sea...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2005.12.006
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pathophysiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is complex, but centres around a primary inhibition of osteoblastic activity compounded by the effects of secondary hyperparathyroidism. The preservation of the microanatomy of bone in the early stages of the disease, coupled with strategies to prevent the eme...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0954-6111(05)80252-5
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2005.08.002
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：STUDY OBJECTIVES:The process of intermittent hypoxia-reoxygenation produces airway inflammation and endothelial dysfunction that favors the development of cardiovascular disorders in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator in airway inflammation and the regulation of endothel...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2010.12.004
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased levels of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled mannitol are related to allergic inflammation characterized by eosinophil infiltration and a clinical response to treatment with anti-inflammatory agents in subjects with asthma. This study determines the diagnostic accurac...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2012.09.004
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Anti-CADM-140 antibody (anti-CADM-140), also referred to as anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody, is a myositis-specific antibody identified in the sera of patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (C-ADM) and is associated with a worse prognosis in dermatomyositis-associ...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2011.05.006
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journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The results of pulmonary function testing with a turbine spirometer (TS) and a bell spirometer (BS) of a randomized group of 275 patients aged 4-18 years were compared. In the TS, an inexpensive device without graphical display was used. The difference BS minus TS (d) for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was cal...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic seronegative spondyloarthritis with the major histocompatibility antigen HLA B27. Pulmonary involvement in AS is rare and is usually in the form of upper lobe fibrocavitary disease. Herein, we present a case with recurrent pleural and pericardial effusion without apical fibrobu...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2006.04.028
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2017.02.020
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2013.10.004
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/rmed.2001.1284
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2013.11.008
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0954-6111(99)90086-0
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have shown that chronic hypoxia leads to changes in skeletal muscle structure (fibre size and type) and activities of several bioenergetic enzymes. Whether this occurs also in conditions characterised by intermittent hypoxia, such as the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), is unknown. To explore...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0954-6111(03)00034-9
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the first study of triple-dose immunotherapy with heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae (SRL 172) combined with short-course, directly observed chemotherapy in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The study was carried out in Rosario, Argentina, where single-dose immunotherapy with M. vaccae has previ...
journal_title：Respiratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.rmed.2005.09.026
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
