Nerve growth factor attenuates proliferation of astrocytes via the p75 neurotrophin receptor.

abstract：:Human glioblastoma is a highly lethal tumor known for its capability of interfering with effective antitumor immune responses. Costimulatory signals are of critical relevance in both the inductive and effector phases of immune responses. Inducible costimulator-ligand (ICOSL), a member of the B7 family of costimulatory...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schreiner B,Wischhusen J,Mitsdoerffer M,Schneider D,Bornemann A,Melms A,Tolosa E,Weller M,Wiendl H

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglial cells have a double life as the immune cells of the brain in times of stress but have also specific physiological functions in homeostatic conditions. In pathological contexts, microglia undergo a phenotypic switch called "reaction" that promotes the initiation and the propagation of neuro-inflammation. Rea...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hirbec H,Marmai C,Duroux-Richard I,Roubert C,Esclangon A,Croze S,Lachuer J,Peyroutou R,Rassendren F

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions. The β1-integrin subunit is highly expressed by embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and is critical for NSC maintenance in the developing nervous system, but its role in the adult hippocampal niche remains unexplored...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Brooker SM,Bond AM,Peng CY,Kessler JA

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory changes have been found in Parkinson's disease, in humans intoxicated with the parkinsonian toxin MPTP, and in animal models of the disease. However, it is still not known whether inflammatory changes are responsible for active nerve cell death or if they have a protective role against neurodegeneration. ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Barcia C,Sánchez Bahillo A,Fernández-Villalba E,Bautista V,Poza Y Poza M,Fernández-Barreiro A,Hirsch EC,Herrero MT

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are the resident macrophages of the brain. Over the past decade, our understanding of the function of these cells has significantly improved. Microglia do not only play important roles in the healthy brain but are involved in almost every brain pathology. Gene expression profiling allowed to distinguish micr...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mazzolini J,Le Clerc S,Morisse G,Coulonges C,Kuil LE,van Ham TJ,Zagury JF,Sieger D

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biologically active lipid metabolite, platelet-activating factor (PAF), is thought to contribute to inflammatory processes and tissue damage in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. In previous studies, we found that after contusion spinal cord injury, treatment with a PAF antagonist led to significa...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hostettler ME,Knapp PE,Carlson SL

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The technology to generate autologous pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) from almost any somatic cell type has brought various cell replacement therapies within clinical research. Besides the challenge to optimize iPS protocols to appropriate safety and GMP levels, procedures need to be developed to differentiate iPS ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Czepiel M,Balasubramaniyan V,Schaafsma W,Stancic M,Mikkers H,Huisman C,Boddeke E,Copray S

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The adrenergic agonist norepinephrine can exert its influence on cell function by activating both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. In astrocytes, the alpha-adrenergic receptor activity of norepinephrine is known to inhibit the cyclic AMP response elicited by its action at beta-adrenergic receptors. Pharmacologica...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Northam WJ,Bedoy CA,Mobley PL

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cells from different brain regions and species are depolarized by the neurotransmitter glutamate. The depolarization or, if voltage-clamped at the resting membrane potential, the inward current induced by glutamate could be due either to activation of receptor-coupled ion channels or electrogenic uptake of the t...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Sontheimer H,Kettenmann H,Backus KH,Schachner M

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that astrocytic glutamate release or perturbed glutamate metabolism contributes to the proneness to epileptic seizures. Here we investigated whether astrocytic contents of the major glutamate degrading enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) decreases on moving from th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hammer J,Alvestad S,Osen KK,Skare Ø,Sonnewald U,Ottersen OP

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a ubiquitous nuclear enzyme involved in genomic stability. Excessive oxidative DNA strand breaks lead to PARP-1-induced depletion of cellular NAD(+), glycolytic rate, ATP levels, and eventual cell death. Glutamate neurotransmission is tightly controlled by ATP-dependent astroc...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tang KS,Suh SW,Alano CC,Shao Z,Hunt WT,Swanson RA,Anderson CM

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the spinal cord processes incoming painful information to ascending projection neurons. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from SG spinal cord slices documented that in a low Ca(2+) /no Mg(2+) (low X(2+) ) external medium adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/dibenzoyl-ATP, Bz-ATP) caused inwar...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ficker C,Rozmer K,Kató E,Andó RD,Schumann L,Krügel U,Franke H,Sperlágh B,Riedel T,Illes P

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A widely quoted hypothesis for the failure of remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) is the exhaustion of the oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) pool that is strongly implicated as the source of remyelinating oligodendrocytes in demyelinating lesions. Despite this, little is known about the responses of adult OPC...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Chari DM,Blakemore WF

更新日期：2002-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidative stress is the main cause of neuronal damage in traumatic brain injury, hypoxia/reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although extracellular nucleosides, especially adenosine, are well known to protect against neuronal damage in such pathological conditions, the effects of these nucleosides or ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Shinozaki Y,Koizumi S,Ishida S,Sawada J,Ohno Y,Inoue K

更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term, persistent central nervous system inflammation is commonly seen following brain infection. Using a murine model of viral encephalitis (murine cytomegalovirus, MCMV) we have previously shown that post-encephalitic brains are maintained in an inflammatory state consisting of glial cell reactivity, retention o...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lokensgard JR,Schachtele SJ,Mutnal MB,Sheng WS,Prasad S,Hu S

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglial activation has been reported to promote neurotoxicity and also neuroprotective effects. A possible contributor to this dichotomy of responses may be the degree to which proximal neurons are injured. The aim of this study was to determine whether varying the severity of neuronal injury influenced whether mic...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Lai AY,Todd KG

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroinflammation perpetuates neuronal damage in many neurological disorders. Activation of resident microglia and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages contributes to neuronal injury and synaptic damage. Noninvasive imaging of these cells in vivo provides a means to monitor progression of disease as well as assess ef...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Venneti S,Lopresti BJ,Wiley CA

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate whether insulin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways protect retinal neurons against excitotoxicity and regulate the proliferation of Müller glia. We found that intraocular injections of insulin or FGF2 had variable effects u...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fischer AJ,Scott MA,Ritchey ER,Sherwood P

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages are critically involved in the pathogenesis of genetically caused demyelination, as it occurs in inherited demyelinating neuropathies. On the basis of the observation that upregulation of the Schwann cell-derived chemokine MCP-1 (CCL2) is a pathologically relevant mechanism for macrophage activation in mic...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fischer S,Weishaupt A,Troppmair J,Martini R

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain are poorly understood. However, several studies have implied a role for reactive microglia located in the dorsal horn in neuropathic pain. To clarify the roles of activated microglia in neuropathic pain, we investigated the interactions among microglia and other neural compon...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Maeda M,Tsuda M,Tozaki-Saitoh H,Inoue K,Kiyama H

更新日期：2010-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular levels of the brain's endogenous anticonvulsant and neuroprotectant adenosine largely depend on an astrocyte-based adenosine cycle, comprised of ATP release, rapid degradation of ATP into adenosine, and metabolic reuptake of adenosine through equilibrative nucleoside transporters and phosphorylation by a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Boison D

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are intrinsic immune cells in the brain. In response to neurodegenerative events, excessively activated microglia change their shapes and release various cytokines leading to the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Because the intracellular mechanisms of this process are still unclear, we h...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Konno M,Shirakawa H,Iida S,Sakimoto S,Matsutani I,Miyake T,Kageyama K,Nakagawa T,Shibasaki K,Kaneko S

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons from embryonic (E18) rat hippocampus were chosen to identify and characterize neurite growth-stimulating proteins accumulating in serum-free conditioned media (CM) obtained from primary or secondary cultures of cerebral astrocytes (less than 5% nonglial cells) using a quantitative cell culture bioassay. CM wer...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Matthiessen HP,Schmalenbach C,Müller HW

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcriptional regulation of the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene (GFAP) is of interest because of its astrocyte specificity and its upregulation in response to CNS injuries. We have used a transgenic approach instead of cell transfection to identify promoter elements of the human GFAP gene, since previous observ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Yeo S,Bandyopadhyay S,Messing A,Brenner M

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypotonic challenge induces transient swelling in glial cells, which is typically followed by a regulatory volume decrease (RVD). In contrast, lactic acidosis (lactacidosis) induces persistent cell swelling in astrocytes without an accompanying RVD. In the present study, we studied the mechanisms by which lactacidosis...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nabekura T,Morishima S,Cover TL,Mori S,Kannan H,Komune S,Okada Y

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is a Ca2+ binding peptide expressed predominantly by activated monocytes. In order to investigate the role of AIF-1 in autoimmune lesions of the rat nervous system, we have used a synthetic gene to express AIF-1 in E. coli and have produced monoclonal antibodies against AIF-1. A...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schluesener HJ,Seid K,Kretzschmar J,Meyermann R

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the adult mammalian brain, neurogenesis originates from astrocyte-like stem cells. We generated a transgenic mouse line in which the tetracycline dependent transactivator (tTA) is expressed under the control of the murine GFAP promoter. In this mouse line, inducible gene expression targets virtually all GFAP-expres...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Weber T,Baier V,Pauly R,Sahay A,Baur M,Herrmann E,Ciccolini F,Hen R,Kronenberg G,Bartsch D

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion disease are characterized neuropathologically by extracellular deposits of Abeta and PrP amyloid fibrils, respectively. In both disorders, these cerebral amyloid deposits are co-localized with a broad variety of inflammation-related proteins (complement factors, acute-phase protein, ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Eikelenboom P,Bate C,Van Gool WA,Hoozemans JJ,Rozemuller JM,Veerhuis R,Williams A

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we investigated the involvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the brain of the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse, an experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). To this purpose, we used two tight junction markers, the Zonula occludens (ZO-1) and claudin-1 proteins, and a glial marker, th...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nico B,Frigeri A,Nicchia GP,Corsi P,Ribatti D,Quondamatteo F,Herken R,Girolamo F,Marzullo A,Svelto M,Roncali L

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, have recently been removed from the position of mere sentinels and promoted to the role of active sculptors of developing circuits and cells. Alongside their functions in normal brain development, microglia coordinate sexual differentiation of the brain, a set of proces...

journal_title：Glia

authors： VanRyzin JW,Marquardt AE,Pickett LA,McCarthy MM

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00