Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Reinforcement of behavioral responses involves a complex cerebral circuit engaging specific neuronal networks that are modulated by cortical oversight systems affiliated with emotion, memory, judgment, and decision making (collectively referred to in this study as the "extended reward and oversight system" or "reward network"). We examined whether reward-network brain volumes are reduced in alcoholics and how volumes of subcomponents within this system are correlated with memory and drinking history. METHODS:Morphometric analysis was performed on magnetic resonance brain scans in 21 abstinent long-term chronic alcoholic men and 21 healthy control men, group-matched on age, verbal IQ, and education. We derived volumes of total brain and volumes of cortical and subcortical reward-related structures including the dorsolateral-prefrontal, orbitofrontal, cingulate cortices, and the insula, as well as the amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens septi (NAc), and ventral diencephalon. RESULTS:Morphometric analyses of reward-related regions revealed decreased total reward-network volume in alcoholic subjects. Volume reduction was most pronounced in right dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex, right anterior insula, and right NAc, as well as left amygdala. In alcoholics, NAc and anterior insula volumes increased with length of abstinence, and total reward-network and amygdala volumes correlated positively with memory scores. CONCLUSIONS:The observation of decreased reward-network volume suggests that alcoholism is associated with alterations in this neural reward system. These structural reward system deficits and their correlation with memory scores elucidate underlying structural-functional relationships between alcoholism and emotional and cognitive processes.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Makris N,Oscar-Berman M,Jaffin SK,Hodge SM,Kennedy DN,Caviness VS,Marinkovic K,Breiter HC,Gasic GP,Harris GJdoi
10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.018subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-08-01 00:00:00pages
192-202issue
3eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(08)00110-8journal_volume
64pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Platelet MAO activity in schizophrenics was significantly decreased, by about 15%, after 3 weeks of treatment with haloperidol. Treatment with thioridazine or butaperazine also tended to decrease platelet MAO activity. The neuroleptic-induced decrease began to appear within a few days of treatment and did not show tol...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
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doi：
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.05.011
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.07.010
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(91)90248-k
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.11.004
更新日期：2010-03-15 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.07.002
更新日期：2004-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01238-0
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.009
更新日期：2011-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(91)90305-6
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00229-8
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.003
更新日期：2013-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(93)90102-j
更新日期：1993-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01218-5
更新日期：2001-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
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更新日期：2015-07-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.002
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01728-6
更新日期：2003-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00958-6
更新日期：2000-11-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.01.003
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
