Abstract:
:Guessing occurs on forced-choice (FC) tests for which responses cannot be based on relevant knowledge. Its importance is in inverse relation to the level of knowledge being measured, so that it becomes an increasing component of test scores as the level of knowledge decreases. It is also used as a benchmark to detect simulated impairment. This investigation examined the role of guessing in a 2-alternative FC face recognition test. Chance groups shown only the test items were asked to guess which were the targets, to measure the variation in scores likely to be found with pure guessing. Controls performed normally, and two simulation groups tried to fake amnesia. Results suggested that simple guessing in the chance group produced variable scores that overlapped both low genuine and "malingering" performance. Low control scores were hidden by the guessing "chance bonus," which ameliorated the apparent level of decline in memory. Simulators told of their role at the outset (before presentation of the target items) produced more convincing "amnesic" scores than those told only just before the test, who produced the expected below-chance level of score. It is suggested that guessing variability should be taken into account in interpreting FC scores.
journal_name
Neuropsychologyjournal_title
Neuropsychologyauthors
Flowers KA,Bolton C,Brindle Ndoi
10.1037/0894-4105.22.2.273subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-03-01 00:00:00pages
273-7issue
2eissn
0894-4105issn
1931-1559pii
2008-02526-015journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY文献大全abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) on multisensory integration in relation to general neurocognitive functioning. METHOD:Children with a hospital admission for TBI aged between 6 and 13 years (n = 94) were compared with children with trauma control (TC) injuries (n = 39), whi...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000302
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the great mysteries of the brain, which has puzzled all-time students of brain form and function, is the contralateral organization of the forebrain and the crossings of its major afferent and efferent connections. As a novel explanation, two recent studies have proposed that the rostral part of the head, inclu...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000163
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The literature on emotional processing in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients shows mixed results. This may be because of various methodological and/or patient-related differences, such as failing to adjust for cognitive functioning, depression, and/or mood. METHOD:In the current study, we tested PD patients a...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000371
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) is a screening tool for the assessment of poststroke deficits in attention, memory, praxis, language, and number processing. The goal of the present study was to develop a Russian version of the OCS (Rus-OCS) via translation of the original battery, its cultural and linguisti...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000491
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) occurs in a significant percentage of HIV-infected (HIV+) adults. Increased intraindividual variability (IIV) in cognitive function may be an early marker of emerging neurocognitive disorder, which suggests that IIV may be a sensitive measure of neurologic comprom...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000482
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the present study was to examine the role of the corpus callosum (CC) in dichotic listening. For this purpose, 40 right-handed healthy male participants were assessed with morphological and diffusion tensor imaging, which yielded macrostructural (midsagittal area) and microstructural (mean diffusion, ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.3.272
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Although reasoning and attention are 2 cognitive processes necessary for ensuring the efficiency of many everyday activities in older adults, the role of white matter integrity in these processes has been little studied. This is an important question due to the role of white matter integrity as a neural subst...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000264
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the role of the basal ganglia in timing operations. Nondemented, medicated Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and controls were tested on 2 motor-timing tasks (paced finger tapping at a 300- or 600-ms target interval), 2 time perception tasks (duration perception wherein the interval between the...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0894-4105.12.1.3
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Previous studies have employed self-report measures to investigate emotion regulation (ER) strategy biases in individuals with anxiety. We investigated the neural signatures underlying ER strategy biases. METHOD:Twenty individuals with high trait anxiety (HTA) and twenty individuals with low trait anxiety (L...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000471
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dependence of episodic memories on interhemispheric processing was tested. In Experiment 1, positive familial sinistrality (FS+; e.g., presence of left-handed relatives) was associated with superior episodic memory and inferior implicit memory in comparison with negative familial sinistrality (i.e., FS-). This ref...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0894-4105.15.4.607
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Age, education, and sex associate with cognitive performance. We investigated associations between age, sex, education, and cognitive performance in young or middle-aged adults and evaluated data reduction methods to optimally capture cognitive performance in our population-based data. METHOD:This study is p...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000239
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate decision-making deficits after anterior communicating artery aneurysm (ACoA) rupture and to compare the effects of two treatments. METHOD:The sample included 40 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to ruptured ACoA with a favorable neurological outcome and a control group of 31 subj...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0024336
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Deficits in cognitive flexibility have been suggested to underlie the repetitive and stereotyped behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Because cognitive flexibility is primarily mediated by the frontal lobe, where structural and functional abnormalities have been extensively found in t...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000231
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Controlled processing, response inhibition, and set adoption were examined in 51 HIV-1 infected participants and 21 uninfected controls who were administered a vocal reaction time (RT) version of the Stroop task (Stroop-RT; J. R. Stroop, 1935) as well as the traditional 100 item paper-and-pencil version. Response set ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1037//0894-4105.13.2.306
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The concept of overlapping neural networks supporting both speech production and fine motor praxis is well accepted; however, few studies have explored the lateralized behavioral characteristics of both functions when performed simultaneously. METHOD:This study probes the characteristics of the dominant hemi...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000589
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the status of conceptual memory processes in amnesia, a conceptual memory task with implicit or explicit task instructions was given to amnesic and control groups. After studying a list of category exemplars, participants saw category labels and were asked to generate as many exemplars as possible (an impli...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0894-4105.11.1.59
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The comprehension of irony can be affected after brain injuries. The cognitive mechanisms accounting for such disorders remain yet unclear. The heterogeneity of cognitive profiles of brain-damaged individuals and the use of independent tests to measure the links between these mechanisms and the comprehension ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000682
更新日期:2020-07-27 00:00:00
abstract::A new analytical procedure, single common factor analysis, was carried out on the data from a relatively large sample of normals (n = 101) and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 180) to examine the extent to which there were independent effects of disease status on different neuropsychological variables. This ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0894-4105.12.2.242
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The present investigation examined whether higher functioning children with autism would demonstrate impaired response inhibition performance in an emotional go/no-go task, and whether severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism symptoms correlated with performance. METHOD:Forty-fou...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0033615
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:An increasing number of results show that specific language impairment (SLI) is often associated with impairments in executive functions (EF), but the nature, extent, and generality of these deficits is yet unclear. The aim of the paper is to present results from verbal and nonverbal tasks examining EF in chi...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000232
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:General intelligence is important for success in daily life, fueling interest in developing cognitive training as an intervention to improve fluid ability (Gf). A major obstacle to the design of effective cognitive interventions has been the paucity of hypotheses bearing on mechanisms underlying transfer of c...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1037/neu0000235
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The relationship between aging and practice effects on longitudinal neuropsychological assessments was investigated in middle-aged and older people with schizophrenia and healthy controls. METHOD:Older people with schizophrenia (n = 107; M age = 56.1) and age-comparable nonpsychiatric controls (n = 107; M a...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0019560
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of this study of 66 twins was to determine whether motor and cognitive functions assessed in early and middle childhood are vulnerable to perinatal hypoxic risk. In an earlier study of 76 infant and toddler twins (S. Raz, F. Shah, & C. Sander, 1996), the authors found that intrapair discrepancy on the Mental ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0894-4105.12.3.459
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hebrew and Arabic are Semitic languages with a similar morphological structure and orthographies that differ in visual complexity. Two experiments explored the interaction of the characteristics of orthography and hemispheric abilities on lateralized versions of a letter-matching task (Experiment 1) and a global-local...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0894-4105.18.1.174
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To generate normative data for the verbal fluency tests (VFT-letter M, fruits, and occupations categories) in Spanish-speaking adult populations, with country-specific adjustments for age, education, and sex when appropriate. METHOD:The sample consisted of 3,977 healthy adults from 11 countries in Latin Amer...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000518
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is an established risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, despite uncertainty as to its effect on cognitive function in normal aging. Some evidence suggests poor episodic memory and executive functioning in epsilon4 allele carriers. Prospective memory has been overlooked in ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.1.28
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether visual cues are helpful for virtual spatial navigation and memory in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHOD:20 patients with AD, 18 patients with MCI and 20 age-matched healthy controls (HC) were included. Participants had to actively reproduce ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1037/neu0000435
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Two-alternative forced-choice tasks are widely used to gain insight into specific areas of enhancement or impairment in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Data arising from these tasks have been used to support myriad theories regarding the integrity, or otherwise, of particular brain areas or c...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000320
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Previous studies have reported deficits in decision making under ambiguity for patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). It is unknown whether mTLE is also associated with alterations at a predecisional stage. This study aimed to gain insight into predecisional processing of patients with mTLE. MET...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/neu0000229
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine if normal participants and a patient with prosopanomia can be perceptually primed for proper names. To this end, 2 experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, normative data were collected on 4 proper-name priming tasks. The variables of levels of processing at encoding and ...
journal_title:Neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0894-4105.11.2.232
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00