Natural and induced cytotoxicity of oligodendrocytes by microglia is inhibitable by TGF beta.

abstract：:Glial cells play a crucial role in the organization and function of the nervous system. Cell-cell adhesion receptors of the cadherin family have been shown to participate in distinct morphogenetic processes throughout the development of the CNS, but little is known about glial expression of cadherins. Applying immunof...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Gerhardt H,Rascher G,Schuck J,Weigold U,Redies C,Wolburg H

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell death in the oligodendrocyte lineage occurs during development and in pathological conditions as the result of a balance between opposing molecular signals. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of activation of signal transduction pathways affecting life/death decisions in progenitor cells and in matur...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Casaccia-Bonnefil P

更新日期：2000-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia are sensitive to environmental changes and are immediately transformed into several phenotypes. For such dynamic "modal shifts", purinergic receptors have central roles. When microglia sense ATP/ADP leaked from injured cells by P2Y(12) receptors, they are transformed into a moving phenotype, showing process ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Koizumi S,Ohsawa K,Inoue K,Kohsaka S

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews how the uptake of neurotransmitter by glial amino acid transporters limits the spatial spread of transmitter to preserve the independent operation of nearby synapses, temporally shapes postsynaptic currents, and regulates the effects of tonic transmitter release. We demonstrate the importance of a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Marcaggi P,Attwell D

更新日期：2004-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To study the function of astrocytes in the adult brain, we have targeted the expression of E. coli nitroreductase (NTR) to the astrocytes of transgenic mice under the control of the GFAP promoter. The astrocytes expressing NTR were selectively ablated after administration of the prodrug CB1954, resulting in motor disc...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Cui W,Allen ND,Skynner M,Gusterson B,Clark AJ

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much current knowledge of oligodendrocyte biology, the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system, comes from cell culture studies mainly from postnatal rat tissue but mouse cells have been much more difficult to produce in large quantities. We have developed a high yield protocol for production of oligodendro...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Pedraza CE,Monk R,Lei J,Hao Q,Macklin WB

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic AMP suppresses immune cell activation and inflammation. The positive feedback loop of proinflammatory cytokine production and immune activation implies that cytokines may not only be regulated by cyclic AMP but also conversely regulate cyclic AMP. This study examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ghosh M,Garcia-Castillo D,Aguirre V,Golshani R,Atkins CM,Bramlett HM,Dietrich WD,Pearse DD

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We first classified 12 malignant glioma cell lines into three different groups (types 1-3) with respect to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression and analyzed each group based on the different expression status of the class II transactivator (CIITA) gene. Glioma type 1 (2 of 12) showed constitutive...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Takamura Y,Ikeda H,Kanaseki T,Toyota M,Tokino T,Imai K,Houkin K,Sato N

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Propagation of intercellular calcium waves (ICW) between astrocytes depends on the diffusion of signaling molecules through gap junction channels and diffusion through the extracellular space of neuroactive substances acting on plasmalemmal receptors. The relative contributions of these two pathways vary in different ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Suadicani SO,De Pina-Benabou MH,Urban-Maldonado M,Spray DC,Scemes E

更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main component of intermediate filaments in astrocytes. To assess its function in astrocyte swelling, we compared astrocyte membrane properties and swelling in spinal cord slices of 8- to 10-day-old wild-type control (GFAP(+/+)) and GFAP-knockout (GFAP(-/-)) mice. Membrane...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Anderová M,Kubinová S,Mazel T,Chvátal A,Eliasson C,Pekny M,Syková E

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Simvastatin, a lipophilic statin that crosses the blood-brain barrier, is being evaluated as a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) due to its anti-inflammatory properties. We assessed the effects of simvastatin on cultures of rat newborn and human fetal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and human adult...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Miron VE,Rajasekharan S,Jarjour AA,Zamvil SS,Kennedy TE,Antel JP

更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcriptional regulation of the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene (GFAP) is of interest because of its astrocyte specificity and its upregulation in response to CNS injuries. We have used a transgenic approach instead of cell transfection to identify promoter elements of the human GFAP gene, since previous observ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Yeo S,Bandyopadhyay S,Messing A,Brenner M

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myelination is an evolutionary recent differentiation program that has been independently acquired in vertebrates by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Therefore, it is not surprising that regulating transcription factors differ substantially between both...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Sock E,Wegner M

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apoptosis of dentate granular cells in the hippocampal formation during bacterial meningitis may be mediated by glutamate toxicity. For this reason, we studied the relationship between glutamine synthetase activity and regional neuronal apoptosis in rabbits with experimental pneumococcal meningitis. The duration of me...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tumani H,Smirnov A,Barchfeld S,Olgemöller U,Maier K,Lange P,Brück W,Nau R

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglial cells are the resident macrophages that are involved in brain injuries and infections. Recent studies using transcranial two-photon microscopy have shown that ATP and P2Y receptors mediated rapid chemotactic responses of miroglia to local injury. However, the molecular mechanism for microglial chemotaxis to...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wu LJ,Vadakkan KI,Zhuo M

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kainate (KA), quisqualate (QA), and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) stimulated gamma-aminobutyric acid [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from cultured cerebellar type 2 astrocytes and from their bipotential precursors. The evoked release was prevented by the antagonist 6-cyano-...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Gallo V,Patrizio M,Levi G

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study the distribution of astrocytes in the nerve fiber layer (NFL) has been studied in the sparsely vascularized retinae of the guinea pig and horse and in the richly vascularized retina of the Old World monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) using immunocytochemical methods. In the guinea pig retina glial fi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schnitzer J

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pro-apoptotic sphingolipid ceramide plays an emergent role in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although its function for neurodegeneration is not known. We determined the concentration and composition of ceramide in hippocampal tissue from newborn presenilin 1 (PS1) knock-in (PS1M146V) mice, a mouse model...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wang G,Silva J,Dasgupta S,Bieberich E

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) represents a family of related peptides originally isolated from cardiac atria that have potent natriuretic, diuretic, and vasorelaxant properties. ANP has previously been localized in neurons of the rat brain in regions subserving cardiovascular functions and fluid/electrolyte balance...

journal_title：Glia

authors： McKenzie JC,Berman NE,Thomas CR,Young JK,Compton LY,Cothran LN,Liu WL,Klein RM

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The creatine kinase isoenzymes play an important role in maintaining ATP levels in some cell types during times of high energy demand. We have previously shown in primary cell cultures from rat brain that glial cells express much higher levels of brain creatine kinase (CKB) mRNA than neurons. In a separate earlier stu...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kuzhikandathil EV,Molloy GR

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enteric glial cells were first described at the end of the 19th century, but they attracted more interest from researchers only in the last decades of the 20th. Although, they have a different embryological origin, the enteric GLIA share many characteristics with astrocytes, the main glial cell type of the central ner...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Coelho-Aguiar Jde M,Bon-Frauches AC,Gomes AL,Veríssimo CP,Aguiar DP,Matias D,Thomasi BB,Gomes AS,Brito GA,Moura-Neto V

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible consequences of activating bradykinin (Bk) receptors on identified astrocyte subtypes derived from rat cortex have been investigated in terms of: 1) mobilization of intracellular Ca2+; and 2) electrophysiological response. Bk induced a rapid, transient rise in intracellular Ca2+ in 63% of cortical type-1-...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Stephens GJ,Cholewinski AJ,Wilkin GP,Djamgoz MB

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possibility of a modular organization of non-neuronal elements was analyzed in the opercular region of the striate neocortex in adult New World monkeys. For this purpose, and in order to follow possible correlations in the general organization of neuronal and astroglial elements, immunocytochemical procedures for ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Colombo JA,Schleicher A,Zilles K

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS, are derived postnatally from oligodendrocyte precursors (OPs) of the subventricular zone (SVZ). However, the mechanisms that regulate their generation from SVZ neural stem cells (NSC) are poorly understood. Here, we have examined the role of glycogen synthase kinase ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Azim K,Rivera A,Raineteau O,Butt AM

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several lines of evidence indicate that the elaborated calcium signals and the occurrence of calcium waves in astrocytes provide these cells with a specific form of excitability. The identification of the cellular and molecular steps involved in the triggering and transmission of Ca(2+) waves between astrocytes result...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Scemes E,Giaume C

更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:GABA receptors are distributed widely throughout the central nervous system on a variety of cell types. It has become increasingly clear that astrocytes, both in cell culture and tissue slices, express abundant GABAA receptors. In astrocytes, GABA activates Cl(-)-specific channels that are modulated by barbiturates an...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Fraser DD,Mudrick-Donnon LA,MacVicar BA

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons with age. We previously found that a single systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) injection caused a slow progressive loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH+IR) neurons in SN associated ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Qin L,Liu Y,Hong JS,Crews FT

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rehabilitative therapies after stroke are designed to improve remodeling of neuronal circuits and to promote functional recovery. Only very little is known about the underlying cellular mechanisms. In particular, the effects of rehabilitative training on glial cells, which play an important role in the pathophysiology...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Keiner S,Wurm F,Kunze A,Witte OW,Redecker C

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and its receptor TrkC are known to be important for neuronal survival. More recently, NT-3 has been implicated as playing a role in oligodendrocyte (OL) proliferation and survival in vitro. Examination of NT-3 and TrkC knockout mice revealed a reduction in NT-3-dependent neurons. To date, no stud...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kahn MA,Kumar S,Liebl D,Chang R,Parada LF,De Vellis J

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gliomas are a heterogenous group of malignant primary brain tumors that arise from glia cells or their progenitors and rely on accurate diagnosis for prognosis and treatment strategies. Although recent developments in the molecular biology of glioma have improved diagnosis, classical histological methods and biomarker...

journal_title：Glia

authors： van Bodegraven EJ,van Asperen JV,Robe PAJ,Hol EM

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00