The invention and development of enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane.

abstract：:The cardiovascular effects of halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia, and beta-receptor blockade with either propranolol or practolol, were studied in 15 dogs in which severe myocardial infarction had been induced ten days earlier. The hemodynamic responses to blood loss amounting to 25 per cent of estimated blood volume,...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Prys-Roberts C,Roberts JG,Foëx P,Clarke TN,Bennett MJ,Ryder WA

更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Rapid assessment of hepatic function early after reperfusion of the liver graft is of great importance, because it may allow for prompt detection of incipient hepatic graft failure. The current study was undertaken to determine whether the continuous recording of neuromuscular transmission could be used as a...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Pittet JF,Morel DR,Mentha G,Schopfer C,Belenger J,Benakis A,Tassonyi E

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vastus lateralis muscle was excised from normal pigs and from pigs susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. Anesthesia consisted of diazepam, N2O:O2, and a lidocaine field block. In the susceptible (MHS) pigs, respiratory control in mitochondria of excised muscle was normal, while electron transport was accelerated. Glu...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Britt BA,Endrenyi L,Cadman DL,Fan HM,Fung HY

更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Obesity is an important risk factor for surgical site infections. The incidence of surgical wound infections is directly related to tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Fat tissue mass expands without a concomitant increase in blood flow per cell, which might result in a relative hypoperfusion with decreased ti...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Kabon B,Nagele A,Reddy D,Eagon C,Fleshman JW,Sessler DI,Kurz A

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Intraoperative awareness in patients undergoing general anesthesia is an infrequent but well-described adverse outcome. The reported incidence of this phenomenon is between 0.1% and 0.9%. METHODS:With institutional review board approval, the authors reviewed continuous quality improvement data from 3 yr (20...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Pollard RJ,Coyle JP,Gilbert RL,Beck JE

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The authors hypothesized a difference in plasma-effect site equilibration, depicted by a first-order constant k(e0), depending on the injection rate of propofol. METHODS:Sixty-one patients received 2.5 mg/kg propofol given as a bolus or as a 1-, 2-, or 3-min infusion. The Bispectral Index was used to monito...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Struys MM,Coppens MJ,De Neve N,Mortier EP,Doufas AG,Van Bocxlaer JF,Shafer SL

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Early acquisition of critical competencies by novice anesthesiology residents is essential for patient safety, but traditional training methods may be insufficient. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation training of novice residents in the initial management ...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Park CS,Rochlen LR,Yaghmour E,Higgins N,Bauchat JR,Wojciechowski KG,Sullivan JT,McCarthy RJ

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of liposome encapsulation on the analgesia produced by intrathecally administered alfentanil was examined in the rat. In rats prepared with chronic intrathecal catheters, alfentanil in doses of 1-50 micrograms was administered intrathecally in either saline or in multilamellar liposomes (dipalmitoylphosphat...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Bernards CM,Luger TJ,Malmberg AB,Hill HF,Yaksh TL

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Inhaled nitric oxide (NO), a selective vasodilator, improves oxygenation in many patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Vasoconstrictors may also improve oxygenation, possibly by enhancing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. This study compared the effects of phenylephrine, NO, and their c...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Doering EB,Hanson CW 3rd,Reily DJ,Marshall C,Marshall BE

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Oxidation of propofol to 4-hydroxypropofol represents a significant pathway in the metabolism of this anesthetic agent in humans. The aim of this study was to identify the principal cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoforms mediating this biotransformation. METHODS:Propofol hydroxylation activities and enzyme kinetic...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Court MH,Duan SX,Hesse LM,Venkatakrishnan K,Greenblatt DJ

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In late 1846, following his successful public demonstrations of surgical anesthesia, Boston dentist William T. G. Morton selected Letheon as the commercial name for the ether-based "preparation" he had used to produce insensibility to pain. We have not identified a first-hand account of the coinage of Letheon. Althoug...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Haridas RP,Gionfriddo M,Bause GS

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Dynorphin A in the spinal cord is considered to contribute to nociceptive stimuli. However, it has not yet been determined whether activation of the spinal dynorphinergic system under nociceptive stimuli plays a role in direct acceleration of the ascending nociceptive pathway. In this study, the authors inve...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Taketa Y,Niikura K,Kobayashi Y,Furuya M,Shimizu T,Narita M,Imai S,Kuzumaki N,Maitani Y,Yamazaki M,Inada E,Iseki M,Suzuki T,Narita M

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood from 20 ASA physical status I patients collected before and after induction of anesthesia was used in vitro to reexamine the effects of nitrous oxide on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and the response of the oxygen electrode. The preinduction P50 values with and without 70% N2O were 28.4 +/- 0.1 mmHg and 2...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Kambam JR,Holaday DA

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The knowledge on the mechanism of the postoperative exacerbation of sleep-disordered breathing may direct the perioperative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors associated with postoperative severity of sleep-disordered breathing. M...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Chung F,Liao P,Elsaid H,Shapiro CM,Kang W

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sensitivity of the masseter, one of the muscles of the upper airway, to pancuronium was measured in ten adults undergoing elective surgery and compared with that of the adductor pollicis. During thiopental-nitrous oxide-enflurane (end-tidal concentration less than 0.25%) anesthesia, supramaximal nerve stimulation ...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Smith CE,Donati F,Bevan DR

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The anticonvulsant gabapentin has proven effective for neuropathic pain in three large placebo-controlled clinical trials. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated antihyperalgesic effects in models involving central neuronal sensitization. It has been suggested that central neuronal sensitization...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Dirks J,Fredensborg BB,Christensen D,Fomsgaard JS,Flyger H,Dahl JB

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Anesthesia during the synaptogenic period induces dendritic spine formation, which may affect neurodevelopment. The authors, therefore, evaluated whether changes in synaptic transmission after dendritic spine formation induced by sevoflurane were associated with long-term behavioral changes. The effects of s...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Chung W,Ryu MJ,Heo JY,Lee S,Yoon S,Park H,Park S,Kim Y,Kim YH,Yoon SH,Shin YS,Lee WH,Ju X,Kweon GR,Ko Y

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is controversy about whether N2O increases cerebral blood flow and cortical oxygen consumption (CMRO2) in rats. Cortical and subcortical blood flow and CMRO2 were measured in awake, unrestrained rats while awake and during 70% N2O administration using radioactive microspheres. In the awake state, cortical and su...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Baughman VL,Hoffman WE,Miletich DJ,Albrecht RF

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:: Recent population studies have suggested that children with multiple exposures to anesthesia and surgery at an early age are at an increased risk of cognitive impairment. The authors therefore have established an animal model with single versus multiple exposures of anesthetic(s) in young versus adult mice...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Shen X,Dong Y,Xu Z,Wang H,Miao C,Soriano SG,Sun D,Baxter MG,Zhang Y,Xie Z

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The pharmacokinetics of epidurally administered drugs has been the subject of many studies, yet drug concentration in the epidural space has never been measured. This study was undertaken to characterize the epidural, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma pharmacokinetics of epidurally administered opioids on the ...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Bernards CM,Shen DD,Sterling ES,Adkins JE,Risler L,Phillips B,Ummenhofer W

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Work suggests the amnesia from dexmedetomidine (an α2-adrenergic agonist) is caused by a failure of information to be encoded into long-term memory and that dexmedetomidine might differentially affect memory for emotionally arousing material. We investigated these issues in humans using event-related neuroim...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Hayama HR,Drumheller KM,Mastromonaco M,Reist C,Cahill LF,Alkire MT

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Some inhalation anesthetics increase apoptotic cell death in the developing brain. Xenon, an inhalation anesthetic, increases neuroprotection when combined with therapeutic hypothermia after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in newborn animals. The authors, therefore, examined whether there was any neuroapoptoti...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Sabir H,Bishop S,Cohen N,Maes E,Liu X,Dingley J,Thoresen M

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cerebral injury is among the most common and disabling complications of open heart surgery. Attempts to provide neuroprotection have yielded conflicting results. We assessed the potential of propofol-induced burst suppression during open heart surgery to provide cerebral protection as determined by postopera...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Roach GW,Newman MF,Murkin JM,Martzke J,Ruskin A,Li J,Guo A,Wisniewski A,Mangano DT

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although transesophageal echocardiography allows continuous intraoperative cardiac monitoring, the technique has been limited by the lack of a method for realtime, quantitative assessment of cardiac chamber size and systolic function. Automated border detection (ABD), based on an analysis of integrated backs...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Perrino AC Jr,Luther MA,O'Connor TZ,Cohen IS

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The authors' purpose in this study was to compare prospectively four different anesthetic induction and maintenance techniques using nitrous oxide with halothane and/or propofol for vomiting and recovery after outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy procedures in children. METHODS:Eighty unpremedicated c...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Ved SA,Walden TL,Montana J,Lea DE,Tefft MC,Kataria BK,Pudimat MA,Nicodemus HF,Milmoe GJ

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Isoflurane induces cell apoptosis by an unknown mechanism. The authors hypothesized that isoflurane activates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, causing excessive calcium release, triggering apoptosis. METHODS:The authors determined isoflurane-induced cy...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Wei H,Liang G,Yang H,Wang Q,Hawkins B,Madesh M,Wang S,Eckenhoff RG

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The myocardial negative inotropic effects of desflurane are less pronounced than those of other halogenated anesthetics, partly because of intramyocardial catecholamine store release. However, the effects of desflurane on aging myocardium are unknown, whereas aging is known to be associated with an attenuati...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Rozenberg S,Besse S,Amour J,Vivien B,Tavernier B,Riou B

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The rate of administration of an intravenous anesthetic induction agent is an important variable determining the total dose required to reach a given endpoint, such as loss of consciousness (LOC). The influence of infusion rate on the dose-response relationship has not been described rigorously. In this stud...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Gentry WB,Krejcie TC,Henthorn TK,Shanks CA,Howard KA,Gupta DK,Avram MJ

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dosage and blood concentration of lidocaine required to produce central nervous and cardiovascular system toxicity in both nonasphyxiated and asphyxiated fetuses were determined in ten pregnant baboons with fetuses of average gestation of 158 days (term, 185 days). Lidocaine was infused into the fetal jugular vein...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Morishima HO,Covino BG

更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The serum and urinary concentrations of fluorinated metabolites of isoflurane after inhalation of three different concentrations of isoflurane were studied in 18 ASA physical status 1 or 2 patients, scheduled for orthopedic or otolaryngeal surgery. Isoflurane was administered for 60 min during fentanyl-nitrous oxide-o...

journal_title：Anesthesiology

authors： Davidkova T,Kikuchi H,Fujii K,Mukaida K,Sato N,Kawachi S,Morio M

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00