Abstract：
PURPOSE:To describe changes in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic that are important to ophthalmologists, to provide an overview of issues relevant to current evaluation and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related eye disease, and to identify problems related to the eye and vision that require continued study. DESIGN:Literature review and commentary. METHODS:Selected articles from the medical literature and the author's clinical and research experiences over 25 years were reviewed critically. RESULTS:The AIDS epidemic has had a profound impact on ophthalmology since the ophthalmic manifestations of AIDS were first described in 1982. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has markedly reduced the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, but has not eliminated new cases altogether. Treatment strategies for CMV retinitis have evolved over the past decade. Current issues of importance include choice of initial anti-CMV drugs; time at which anti-CMV drug treatment is discontinued in patients who achieve immune recovery; strategies for monitoring patients at risk for disease reactivation; and management of complications (retinal detachment, immune recovery uveitis). Attention also is being directed to the problem of visual disturbances (reduced contrast sensitivity, altered color vision, visual field abnormalities) that can occur in HIV-infected individuals without infectious retinopathies. CONCLUSIONS:Ocular disorders associated with HIV disease remain important problems in the United States, despite HAART, and increasingly are important worldwide. The approach to management of CMV retinitis has evolved from short-term treatment of a preterminal infection to the long-term management of what has become a chronic disease. Many challenges remain to be addressed.
journal_name
Am J Ophthalmoljournal_title
American journal of ophthalmologyauthors
Holland GNdoi
10.1016/j.ajo.2007.12.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-03-01 00:00:00pages
397-408issue
3eissn
0002-9394issn
1879-1891pii
S0002-9394(07)01009-4journal_volume
145pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A retrospective study of 45 patients with low-tension glaucoma revealed the mean age at diagnosis to be 66 years. Seventeen patients had follow-up visual field examinations, the average follow-up period being 6.4 years. There was no significant difference in prognosis of the ocular course between patients with Po/C eq...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9394(76)90359-7
更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the involvement of the anterior ocular segment in Harada disease. METHODS:In a prospective study, ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed in 18 consecutive eyes of nine patients with Harada disease in its acute phase before and after onset of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Examination was repeated...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00033-6
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated whether opsin mislocalization occurs in photoreceptors in a female carrier of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa with a Gly436Asp mutation in the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator gene (RPGR). DESIGN:Histologic findings in autopsy eyes from a carrier were compared with those from a normal female...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2006.03.061
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate qualitatively the structural characteristics and the associated features that antedate the occurrence of a disk hemorrhage in patients with glaucoma. METHODS:Retrospective observational case series. A total of 4018 pairs of stereoscopic optic disk images obtained over 15 years were reviewed. All ey...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9394(01)01009-1
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy Study is a nine-center clinical trial of a standardized technique of radial keratotomy in 435 patients who had simple myopia with a preoperative refraction between -2.00 and -8.00 diopters. We studied the stability of the refractive error during four years after surgery ...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72250-0
更新日期：1991-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A 21-year-old white woman had an apparently benign fibrous histiocytoma at the corneoscleral limbus. By histopathologic and ultrastructural studies, the tumor consisted of lipid-containing histiocytes and fibrocytic cells arranged in a storiform configuration with a collagenous interstitium. After an excision, the les...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9394(75)90391-8
更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To clarify the changing characteristics of choroidal thickness over time within different age ranges and among different refractive statuses of children aged 6 to 18 years. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. METHODS:Data of axial length, cycloplegic refraction, and choroidal thickness (using swept-source optica...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2020.01.003
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 29-year-old white man developed a corneal ulcer following trauma to his left cornea by a piece of wire. Tritirachium roseum, a saprophytic fungus, was cultured from corneal scrapings and demonstrated in the corneal button by histopathologic examination. ...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9394(75)90275-5
更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To describe the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fungal isolates to natamycin and voriconazole, and to compare these MICs to previous ocular susceptibility studies. DESIGN:Experimental laboratory study using isolates from a randomized clinical trial. METHODS:The Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial I was a ...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2013.10.004
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the genetic findings and phenotypic characters of autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA). DESIGN:Case report and experimental study. METHODS:Molecular genetic analysis and clinical examinations were performed in a Chinese family with ADOA. Mutations in OPA1 were detected by direct sequencing. ...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2006.06.049
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We conducted a retrospective study of 107 penetrating keratoplasties in 99 eyes (99 patients) performed from 1970 to 1979 at the Wills Eye Hospital. The follow-up periods ranged from one to 12 years (median, three years). Overall, 86 of the 107 transplants (80%) remained clear and 63 eyes (59%) achieved good to excell...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9394(83)90384-7
更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To measure lead and cadmium in retinal tissues of human donor eyes with and without age-related macular degeneration (AMD). DESIGN:Laboratory investigation. METHODS:Lead and cadmium concentrations in retinal tissues (neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium [RPE]-choroid complex) in 25 subjects with AMD (...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2009.07.001
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether delayed repair of traumatic canalicular laceration affects the final outcome. DESIGN:Retrospective case series. METHODS:The medical records of 334 patients who underwent primary traumatic canalicular laceration repair were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups acco...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2017.08.006
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare wound characteristics and integrity of the 2.2-mm and 2.65-mm clear corneal incisions. DESIGN:Prospective, randomized clinical trial. METHODS:Patients undergoing phacoemulsification with lens implant were randomized to receive a 2.2-mm or 2.65-mm temporal clear corneal incision. The incisions were ...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2009.12.008
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) after cataract surgery among eyes with and without uveitis using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to determine risk factors for postoperative CME among eyes with uveitis. DESIGN:Prospective, comparative cohort study. METHODS:Single-center, academ...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2009.02.029
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the accuracy and speed of using the computerized MatchedFlicker software program (EyeIC Inc, Narberth, Pennsylvania, USA) to evaluate glaucomatous optic disc change against the traditional gold standard of manually examining stereoscopic disc photographs. DESIGN:A prospective evaluation of diagnosti...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2016.03.031
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal volunteers used 1, 2, and 4% pilocarpine eyedrops, three times daily, or ocular therapeutic systems placed in the conjunctival cul-de-sac to control intraocular pressure. The systems continuously release 20 and 40 mug/hour of pilocarpine for one week. Although the amount of drug delivered to the eye from the o...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9394(75)90404-3
更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We sought to analyze the incidence and risk of noninfectious uveitis (NIU) among postdelivery women with a history of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (PEE). DESIGN:Population-based retrospective matched cohort study. METHODS:All participant data were retrieved from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005. Two...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2018.10.009
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To report glaucoma outcomes after Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro) surgery, in particular, glaucoma prevalence, progression, and treatment. DESIGN:Consecutive, retrospective, interventional case series. METHODS:setting: Tertiary care institution. study population: Thirty-eight eyes in 38 patients. interv...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2011.07.022
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in highly myopic eyes may result in macular holes and subsequent retinal detachment. However, removing friable, thin ERMs from detached retinas is often difficult. We report the efficacy of a diamond-dusted silicone cannula in the removal of ERMs from detached retinas. METHODS:Seven...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00180-9
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied 20 patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. They represented 3.7% of referred patients with uveitis. American Indian ancestry appears to be the link to Oriental racial type. Five patients had a forme fruste retinal detachment. After extensive treatment with corticosteroids, detachments flattened within ...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To describe a case of severe dry eye syndrome in a child. METHODS:Observational case report. The authors describe a 10-year-old male with severe dry eyes who was profoundly disabled by pain and photophobia despite aggressive conventional therapy. Lacrimal gland histology was consistent with the primary Sjögren...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9394(01)01182-5
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is mechanistically similar to a stroke. Current guidelines recommend a standardized and systematic evaluation of risk factors for patients who have had a stroke. This study evaluates the yield of this evaluation in patients with CRAO and frequency of stroke in this popula...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2018.08.027
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate the natural history and ophthalmologic morbidity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) and propose a treatment algorithm. DESIGN:Retrospective, interventional case series. METHODS:Retrospective chart review of all MIRM patients examined by the department of ophthalmology at a ...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2020.06.010
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To facilitate placing pars plana infusion ports, we modified the shaft of a piece of 10-gauge tubing or of a hypodermic needle by removing the beveled tip and Luer hub, passing the tubing through the inserter sleeve, and then reattaching the tubing to the Luer hub. ...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9394(78)90251-9
更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 2-week-old premature child with congenital glaucoma secondary to anterior cleavage syndrome was treated with timolol maleate and cyclocryotherapy. The patient had apneic spells of up to 30 seconds that stopped soon after timolol maleate therapy was discontinued. No apnea was seen before timolol maleate administratio...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9394(79)90766-9
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new sorting test requires only two minutes for quantitative estimation of saturation thresholds for bluish pigment colors. The test is highly sensitive to and specific for differences between normal subjects and individuals with acquired color vision defects. When combined with Ishihara's pseudo-isochromatic plates,...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9394(81)90781-9
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the results of combined trabeculectomy and phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens implant by means of a one-site vs a two-site approach. METHODS:Glaucomatous patients with a coexisting cataract were randomly assigned to undergo either a one-site or two-site combined procedure. One-site su...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0002-9394(99)80143-3
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate anatomic success after surgery for chronic retinal detachment. DESIGN:Retrospective, case series review. METHODS:The surgical outcomes of reattachment surgery for 36 eyes of 35 patients with chronic retinal detachments are reported and are compared with the outcomes for 129 fresh retinal detach...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2007.01.057
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To report complications of cosmetic artificial iris implantation and explantation outcomes. SETTING:Stein Eye Institute DESIGN: : Retrospective case series METHODS: : Review of medical records of 12 patients (24 eyes) who presented to us after being implanted with cosmetic artificial irises elsewhere. Data col...
journal_title：American journal of ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajo.2021.01.005
更新日期：2021-01-22 00:00:00
