Abstract：
:The aspartic protease cathepsin D (Clan AA, Family A1) is expressed in the schistosome gut where it plays an apical role in the digestion of hemoglobin released from ingested erythrocytes. In this report, RNA interference approaches were employed to investigate the effects of knockdown of schistosome cathepsin D. Cultured schistosomules of Schistosoma mansoni were exposed by square wave electroporation to double stranded RNA (dsRNA) specific for cDNA encoding S. mansoni cathepsin D. RNAi-mediated reductions in transcript levels led to phenotypic changes including significant growth retardation in vitro and suppression of aspartic protease enzyme activity. In addition, black-pigmented heme, the end point by-product of normal hemoglobin proteolysis that accumulates in the schistosome gut, was not apparent within the guts of the treated schistosomules. Their guts appeared to be red in color, rather than black, apparently indicating the presence of intact rather than digested host hemoglobin. These phenotypic effects were apparent when either of two forms of dsRNA, a long form spanning the entire target transcript or a short form specific for the 3'-region was employed. Off-target effects were not apparent in transcript levels of the gut-localized cysteine protease cathepsin B1. Finally, cathepsin D may be an essential enzyme in the mammal-parasitic stages of schistosomes because schistosomules treated with dsRNA did not survive to maturity after transfer into Balb/c mice. These and earlier findings suggest that, given its essential function in parasite nutrition, schistosome cathepsin D could be developed as a target for novel anti-schistosomal interventions.
journal_name
Mol Biochem Parasitoljournal_title
Molecular and biochemical parasitologyauthors
Morales ME,Rinaldi G,Gobert GN,Kines KJ,Tort JF,Brindley PJdoi
10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.10.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-02-01 00:00:00pages
160-8issue
2eissn
0166-6851issn
1872-9428pii
S0166-6851(07)00302-7journal_volume
157pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei relies on trans-splicing to process its mRNAs. A novel nuclear serine/arginine (SR)-rich trypanosomal protein (TSR1) was characterized which contains two RNA recognition motifs. The TSR1 protein appears to be homologous to RNA-binding SR proteins of the cis-splicing machinery ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(99)00091-2
更新日期：1999-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The number and expression of some of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene classes present in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum was determined. Southern blot analyses, using the 5.8S rRNA coding region as a marker, indicate that the P. falciparum genome contains at least 5 distinct subclasses of large rRN...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(90)90211-4
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucose is a major source of energy and carbon in promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana, and its uptake is mediated by three glucose transporters whose genes are encoded within a single cluster. A null mutant in which the glucose transporter gene cluster was deleted by homologous gene replacement was generated previous...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.01.010
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A novel Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite antigen, STARP (Sporozoite Threonine and Asparagine-Rich Protein), detected consistently on the surface of sporozoites obtained from laboratory strains and field isolates, has been identified and cloned, following a systematic approach aimed at isolating novel non-CS sporozoite...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(94)00012-3
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated the protein and glycoprotein content of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites by metabolically labeling cultures of schizont-stage parasites with [35S]methionine or with [3H]glucosamine followed by incubation in nonradioactive medium to allow the schizonts to mature into merozoites, infect new erythroc...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(84)90030-6
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three species of blood fluke from the genus Cardicola are known to parasitize and cause disease in Bluefin Tunas--C. forsteri, C. orientalis, and C. opisthorchis. Although initially believed to be separated by geography and host specificity, recent identification of at least two Cardicola spp. concurrently present wit...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2013.07.002
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) plays crucial roles in the maintenance of lysosome/vacuole morphology, membrane trafficking and regulation of endolysosome-localized membrane channel activity. In Toxoplasma gondii, we previously reported that PI(3,5)P2 is essential for parasite su...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.03.011
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A restriction fragment from a cloned kinetoplast minicircle DNA has been shown to be diagnostic for Leishmania major. This 402-bp TaqI fragment has been used routinely (as a radiolabelled probe) to detect 10(4) parasites in simple dot blots, both experimentally and in epidemiological surveys. It positively identified ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(89)90153-9
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have determined the sequence of a cDNA (Tt34c1) encoding a Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote stage-specific 85-kDa surface glycoprotein (gp85). Within the peptide sequence of Tt34c1 are two 8-amino acid motifs, Ser-X-Asp-X-Gly-X-Thr-Trp, that are characteristic of bacterial neuraminidases. Analysis of the Tt34c1 seq...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(91)90114-l
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. To invade host cells, T. gondii deploys the contents of its apically oriented secretory organelles that include the micronemes. Contained within the micronemes are proteins that possess adhesive motifs resembling t...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2003.12.001
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Messenger RNA has been isolated from adults and eggs of Schistosoma mansoni and translated in vitro in mRNA dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The in vitro translation products have been immunoprecipitated using a wide variety of hyperimmune and infection sera from rabbits, mice and humans. A large number of in vit...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(84)90029-x
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During intracellular development of the malarial parasite numerous membranous vesicles appear in the infected erythrocyte cytoplasm between the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) and the erythrocyte plasma membrane. In this study we describe the characterization of a monoclonal antibody which recognizes two major...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(97)00206-5
更新日期：1998-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:During blood-stage infection, malaria parasites export numerous proteins to the host erythrocyte. The Poly-Helical Interspersed Sub-Telomeric (PHIST) proteins are an exported family that share a common 'PRESAN' domain, and include numerous members in Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi. In ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.07.011
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The synchronization of intraerythrocytic maturation of Plasmodium parasites is an important factor in the malaria infection process. Synchronization is mediated by inositol phosphate (InsP(x))-induced Ca(2+)-release from internal stores. To further investigate the InsP(x) metabolism in these parasites a Plasmodium pro...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2012.10.005
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula cultured in the presence of phospholipids showed a decreased sensitivity to the lethal complement-mediated action of anti-schistosome antibodies. Phosphatidyl choline, sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl ethanolamine had a protective action on the schistosomula transformed in vitro by pass...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(87)90002-8
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spontaneous emission of chemiluminescence by Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes was 133 +/- 5 counts s-1 (mg protein)-1. The measured intracellular steady state concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the same cells was 1.5 +/- 0.5 microM. These two values are about 12- and 15-times higher than the corresponding ones f...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(88)90093-x
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification and characterization of a recombinant cDNA clone, designated OV9M, expressing an antigen present in Onchocerca volvulus infective larvae and adult stages is described. Clone OV9M was identified by screening a lambda gt11 cDNA expression library derived from adult O. volvulus mRNA using pooled rabbit...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(94)90122-8
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 230 000 molecular weight (MW) Plasmodium yoelii protein, a 250 000 MW P. chabaudi protein and a 195 000 MW P. falciparum protein, identified using monoclonal antibodies, have similar characteristics, and have been implicated as protective antigens. In this study the serological relationship between these proteins wa...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(83)90096-8
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The apicomplexa parasite Toxoplasma gondii expresses two distinct proliferating cell nuclear antigens (PCNA) that exhibit distinct patterns of subcellular localization during tachyzoite growth. In all cell cycle phases, TgPCNA1 is concentrated in the nucleus, while TgPCNA2 is only concentrated in the nucleus during S-...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.03.020
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The expressed sequence tag (EST) dataset of Toxoplasma gondii provides a wealth of information towards gene discovery. The complete cDNA and genomic sequence of EST tgc050 locus shows that it contains five copies of the conserved thrombospondin (TSP)-like motif present in a number of molecules with adhesive properties...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(96)02796-x
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cystic hydatid disease (CHD) is caused by infection with Echinococcus granulosus metacestodes and affects humans and livestock. Proteins secreted or excreted by protoscoleces, pre-adult worms found in the metacestode, are thought to play fundamental roles in the host-parasite relationship. In this work, we performed a...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2012.01.001
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Entamoeba histolytica is responsible for amoebic colitis and liver abscess in humans. Entamoeba dispar is a closely related, morphologically indistinguishable nonpathogenic species. The hexokinase (ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) isoenzyme patterns distinguish the pathogenic and nonpathogenic species. B...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(99)00164-4
更新日期：2000-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Surface labeling studies using two populations of Onchocerca gibsoni microfilariae revealed important differences in major radioiodinated proteins. Small numbers of microfilariae harvested from the skin of cattle or the uteri of adult worms from skin nodules were purified, radioiodinated, solubilized and the proteins ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(84)90009-4
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The glycine cleavage complex (GCV) is a potential source of the one carbon donor 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH(2)-THF) in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. One carbon (C1) donor units are necessary for amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis, and for the initiation of mitochondrial and plastid tran...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.04.005
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The capability of synthesizing fatty acids de novo in the meront stage of the oyster protozoan parasite, Perkinsus marinus, was investigated employing stable-isotope-labeled precursors (1,2 13C-acetate and palmitic-d(31) acid). Fatty acid methyl esters derived from 1,2 13C-acetate and palmitic-d(31) acid were analyzed...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(01)00413-3
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The issue of whether genetic exchange occurs at a significant frequency in natural populations of Trypanosoma brucei is controversial and one of the arguments against a high frequency has been the apparent lack of host infections with mixtures of trypanosome genotypes. Three minisatellite markers (MS42, CRAM, 292) wit...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(99)00101-2
更新日期：1999-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Genomic structure has been determined for a gene encoding a host-protective antigen of the parasitic platyhelminth Taenia ovis. An incomplete cDNA, known as 45W, encodes the protective antigen. Southern hybridisation experiments using 45W cDNA as a probe, revealed that the 45W gene was a member of a multigene family. ...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-6851(94)00104-u
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lectins comprise a family of related proteins that mediate essential cell functions through binding to carbohydrates. Within this protein family, C-type lectins are defined by the requirement of calcium for optimal biologic activity. Using reverse transcription PCR, a cDNA corresponding to a putative C-type lectin has...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.10.017
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Malaria transmission occurs during a blood-meal of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Visualization and quantification of sporozoites along the journey from the mosquito midgut, where they develop, to the vertebrate liver, their final target organ, is important for understanding many aspects of sporozoite biology. Here w...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.molbiopara.2005.10.015
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reversible acetylation of core histones plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. The acetylation state of histones is controlled by a dynamic equilibrium between activities of histone acetylase and deacetylase enzymes. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) was recent...
journal_title：Molecular and biochemical parasitology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-6851(98)00177-7
更新日期：1999-03-15 00:00:00
