Abstract:
:We examined the sensitivity and specificity of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) as a measure of frontal lobe damage in 91 subjects with stable focal brain lesions. Anatomical information about the location and extent of brain damage was obtained from MR and CT transparencies. No significant differences in WCST performance were found between subjects with frontal vs. nonfrontal damage. Some subjects with extensive frontal lobe damage performed well on the WCST, and some subjects with damage outside of the frontal lobes failed. The optimal cutoff scores for discriminating frontal from nonfrontal subjects correctly classified only 62% of the subjects. Further analysis of WCST performances associated with damage to various subregions of the frontal lobes also failed to reveal any reliable relationships. These findings indicate that performance on the WCST cannot be interpreted in isolation as an index of frontal lobe damage.
journal_name
J Clin Exp Neuropsycholjournal_title
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychologyauthors
Anderson SW,Damasio H,Jones RD,Tranel Ddoi
10.1080/01688639108405107subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-11-01 00:00:00pages
909-22issue
6eissn
1380-3395issn
1744-411Xjournal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This study investigated executive aspects of working memory in a severe closed-head injured (CHI) population. Thirty-four severe CHI participants (>1 year postinjury) and 34 controls completed an abstract design version of Petrides and Milner's (1982) self-ordered pointing task. CHI participants made more errors than ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/jcen.25.7.918.16484
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research suggests that effort detection measures based on patterns of neuropsychological performance may be more robust to coaching than traditional effort detection measures. In the present study, we evaluated the Exaggeration Index for an extended version of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (EI-AVLTX), a rec...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803390490510121
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A current model proposes that memory consists of two functionally separate systems that have different neurological substrates. Declarative memory appears to be dependent on the diencephalic medial temporal lobe system whereas some speculate that the basal ganglia may be a neurological substrate for procedural memory....
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639008400978
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In attempting to memorize a sentence about an action, such as "Pick up the glass," performing the action (motor encoding) results in better memory performance than simply memorizing the words (verbal encoding). Such enhancement of memory is known as the enactment effect. Several theories have been proposed to explain ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2015.1024102
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Declarative and procedural learning were assessed in patients with probable Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and major depression, patients with AD and no depression, patients with major depression but no dementia, and a group of age-comparable nondemented and nondepressed normal controls. AD patients showed significant defic...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639508402433
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proficient, nonnative English-speaking neurosurgery candidates are assessed for language function in English. In order to understand whether it is necessary to also assess native-language function, we examined the influence of native language on the bilingual language network of early, proficient bilinguals using func...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803390902766879
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dual-task studies have employed various cognitive tasks to evaluate the relationship between gait and cognition. Most of these tests are not specific to a single cognitive ability or sensory modality and have limited ecological validity. In this study, we employed a dual-task paradigm using Dichotic Listening (DL) as ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2020.1811207
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with eating disorders favor immediate gratification and ignore long-term negative consequences. This study investigated decision making in bulimia nervosa using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and skin conductance responses (SCR). METHOD:A total of 26 bulimia nervosa patients and 51 healthy controls t...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803390802251378
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown changes in the activity of medial prefrontal, medial temporal, and occipital regions in major depressive disorder patients during recall of autobiographical memories. Electrophysiological underpinning of these changes is not known. It is also not cle...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2016.1219318
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of two memory-impairing drugs, ethanol and triazolam, on proactive interference (PI) in memory were studied. Following ingestion of either one of these drugs or a placebo, subjects studied an A-B list (e.g., BEE-WASP) of paired associates, followed by an A-C list (e.g., BEE-HONEY) on the interference trial...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639708403755
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty patients who had suffered closed-head injury with no resultant physical disabilities and 25 normal controls were administered a modified version of Lezak's Tinker Toy Test. All head-injured patients were examined at least 24 months following medical clearance to return to work. Twenty-five of the head injured ha...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688638908400944
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four forms of a selective reminding test were administered to 20 male and 20 female subjects 1 week apart in one of four orders determined by a Latin square. On many of the dependent measures, Form 1 was significantly more difficult than the other three forms, which were equivalent in difficulty. For many of the measu...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688638508401258
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Persons who have the genetic mutation responsible for Huntington's disease (HD) have been shown to exhibit lower cognitive test scores years prior to manifest HD. Most studies have examined cognitive performance in presymptomatic persons by using estimated times to manifest HD based on published algorithms. We followe...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2011.574606
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinsonism-Plus Syndrome (PPS) is a rare, degenerative disorder involving the subcortical structures of the brain. Little is known of the cognitive impairment, if any, that accompanies this syndrome. Initially PPS patients were thought to be cognitively intact; however, more recent research has suggested the presenc...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639608408265
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substance dependent individuals (SDIs) are frequently, but not invariably, impaired on tasks of executive functions. In this study, we examine patterns of executive performance among subjects with different self-reported "drug of choice" (defined as substance used>80% of the time prior to abstinence). Subjects were 33...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803390600582446
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sample of 278 men and 353 elderly women who resided in the community received the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) as part of a study of health in mature adult Oklahomans. Females attained significantly higher scores on the Immediate and Delayed Memory and the Language Index...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/jcen.25.8.1065.16732
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We treated the cognitive impairments of a 69-year-old male, that persisted 7 months after an infarction in the distribution of the right posterior cerebral artery. The infarct produced a 20% reduction in right cerebral blood flow, established by positron emission tomography (PET). Neuropsychological status was charact...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639208402836
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mailed questionnaire, sent routinely to discharged stroke patients, divided left-hemisphere (n = 68) and right-hemisphere (n = 77) patients into three groups of general help dependency in basic activities-of-daily-life skills. A subsample of 29 patients was visited at home and asked to reanswer the questionnaire und...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688638808408245
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a relatively common, chronic progressive neurological illness affecting individuals primarily in the third and fourth decades of life. Autopsy studies indicate that the disease preferentially attacks white matter throughout the CNS, including the cerebral hemispheres. This article reviews th...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688638608405173
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2014.925093
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639308402570
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2014.967661
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Less efficient glucose regulation, the ability to metabolize glucose, has been associated with poorer cognitive performances in older individuals not meeting criteria for type 2 diabetes ( Messier, Tsiakas, Gagnon, & Desrochers, 2010 ). Yet, the influence of glucose regulation on attentional functions, which are sensi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2011.589372
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The course of decline was studied in 16 patients with probable or definite dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) over 2.7 to 6.8 years from first to last evaluation. Overall severity of dementia was measured with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), the Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), and the Mini-Mental State Ex...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639208402846
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Working memory capacity can be conceptualized as the ability to use controlled attention in short term memory (Engle, Tuholski, Laughlin, & Conway, 1999). We tested this idea in young and older adults by combining the task demands of two neuropsychological tests, word span, and Stroop color-naming. Young and older adu...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803390490919218
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regression equations are widely used in clinical neuropsychology, particularly as an alternative to conventional normative data. In neuropsychological applications the most common method of making inferences concerning the difference between an individual's test score and the score predicted by a regression equation i...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/jcen.20.5.755.1132
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vocabulary scores tend to be significantly related to education in heterogeneous groups of older adults, even after controlling for confounding variables. However, there may be other factors that impinge on cognitive functioning for certain demographic groups, particularly those whose educational opportuniti...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2016.1269155
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, in particular cognitive impairments, can be present in the absence of clinical liver dysfunction. Executive memory, attention, and concentration are cognitive domains that are most frequently affected. Microstructural and functional changes in cortical ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impulsive behavior is thought to lead to both positive and negative psychosocial outcomes. However, little is known about the potential consequences of subclinical expressions of behavior dysregulation on everyday functioning. To examine this relationship, global social functioning was measured in 89 healthy, young ad...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2011.639297
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the contribution of object perception and spatial localization to functional dependence among Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Forty patients with probable AD completed measures assessing verbal recognition memory, working memory, object perception, spatial localization, semantic knowledge, and g...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803390591001034
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00