Abstract:
:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a relatively common, chronic progressive neurological illness affecting individuals primarily in the third and fourth decades of life. Autopsy studies indicate that the disease preferentially attacks white matter throughout the CNS, including the cerebral hemispheres. This article reviews the current state of knowledge regarding cognitive dysfunction in MS and relates these findings to neuropathological changes. The view that affective disturbance may also result from cerebral demyelination is presented, along with a brief discussion of MS as a prototype "subcortical" dementia. Finally, methodological problems intrinsic to the study of MS are presented, and suggestions for future research are made.
journal_name
J Clin Exp Neuropsycholjournal_title
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychologyauthors
Rao SMdoi
10.1080/01688638608405173subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-10-01 00:00:00pages
503-42issue
5eissn
1380-3395issn
1744-411Xjournal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Atrophy of specific, regional, and generalized brain structures occurs as a result of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) process. Comparing AD patients with histopathological confirmation of the disease at autopsy to those without autopsy but who were clinically diagnosed using the same antemortem criteria will provide furt...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803390600826579
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The performance of a group of 60 severely closed-head-injured patients in the subacute stage of recovery on a series of tests addressing focused, divided, and sustained attention, and supervisory attentional control was compared to the performance of a matched group of 60 healthy controls. Patients performed significa...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639608408298
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous neuropsychological research suggests that psychometrically defined subclinical obsessive-compulsive (OC) individuals perform worse than non-OC controls on specific tests of executive functioning. This study aimed to extend these findings by comparing the performance of 25 subclinical OC and 28 non-OC control ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/jcen.25.6.830.16477
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Continuous Recognition Memory Test was administered to 46 normal adolescents and 91 closed-head-injured adolescents. Performance on the test varied significantly with severity of injury as measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale score and duration of impaired consciousness. The performance of adolescents with diffuse i...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688638908400905
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experiments evaluating the rate of forgetting of pictorial stimuli in amnesic, demented, and normal control subjects are reported. When prolonged exposures of pictorial material were used to equate recognition performance after a 10-min delay, alcoholic Korsakoff (AK) patients and patients with Huntington's Dise...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688638608401309
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Although there are plenty of studies on affective or cognitive theory of mind (ToM) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), few have investigated both these dimensions and even fewer have examined the ability to identify an emotion from context in relation to the executive function deficit. Thus, the purpose of thi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2020.1726293
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study represents a neuropsychological attempt to differentiate subtypes of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Participants (N = 80) were grouped by gender and ADHD subtype-Predominantly Inattentive (ADHD-I) versus Combined (ADHD-C)-resulting in four age-matched groups. Statistical analysis revealed ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1076/jcen.23.3.317.1179
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research suggests that the Victoria Symptom Validity Test (VSVT) is effective in confirming or disconfirming the validity of a patient's reported cognitive impairments. We sought to cross-validate the findings of the VSVT standardization study, and to determine cut-off scores that are most efficient in discri...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1076/jcen.22.6.709.958
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with cognitive, motor, and psychiatric deterioration over time. Although there is currently no cure for HD, there has been a surge of clinical trials available to patients with HD over the past 5 years. However, cognitive measures have generally been la...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803390903313564
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The modified Stroop task was presented to 48 patients with a Whiplash Associated Disorder (WAD) and 48 healthy matched controls to investigate possible attentional impairments in relation to state related factors (headache, neck pain, fatigue, tension and state-anxiety). It was expected that performance on the Stroop ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/jcen.24.4.471.1042
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classification accuracy for the detection of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND) in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is examined for two selected measures from the Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II (CPT-II) using criterion-groups validation. Individual and joint classification accuracies are presented f...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803390903066881
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The cognitive processing in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) has not been well established. Decision-making is an important component of cognitive function. Most brain regions involved in decision-making are abnormal in FD patients. This study aimed to investigate the decision-making under ambiguity...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2020.1802406
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two groups of patients affected by mild dementia of the Alzheimer's type (n = 42) or by depressive pseudo-dementia (n = 26) were given a modified version of the Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test. The two groups were roughly matched for overall level of cognitive impairment. The main purpose of the research was to de...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639408402617
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships between intermediate visual processes, involving object and space perception, and regional brain activity using positron emission tomography and single photon emission tomography were investigated in 16 patients with Alzheimer's disease. Significant region specific correlations were found between unf...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/jcen.26.1.11.23931
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The entire contents of six neuropsychology journals (98 volumes, 368 issues) were screened to identify auditory laterality experiments. Of the 352 dichotic and monaural listening experiments identified, 40% provided information about sex differences. Among the 49 experiments that yielded at least one significant effec...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/01688639408402653
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prechemotherapy neuroimaging data are lacking in posttreatment cognitive impairment studies. Breast cancer patients and noncancer controls were scanned prior to chemotherapy during a response inhibition task. Task reaction times and error rates, as well as neuropsychological tests, hospital records, and salivary bioma...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2012.666227
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Declarative and procedural learning were assessed in patients with probable Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and major depression, patients with AD and no depression, patients with major depression but no dementia, and a group of age-comparable nondemented and nondepressed normal controls. AD patients showed significant defic...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639508402433
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decline in memory function was detected in 30% of healthy community-dwelling elderly over 6 years using a task assessing delayed word list recall. Individuals with memory decline over time also demonstrated relative deficits on additional tasks of memory and learning, a task of working memory and executive function, a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13825580600954256
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Survivors of pediatric brain tumors (BT) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk for neurocognitive late effects related to executive function. PROCEDURE:Survivors of BT (48) and ALL (50) completed neurocognitive assessment. Executive function was compared to estimated IQ and population norms by ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2014.943695
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meta-analytic methods were used to determine the sensitivity of neuropsychological, structural, and physiological measures to temporal-hippocampal system function in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Effect sizes are reported for the California Verbal Learning Test, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, structural (i.e.,...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1076/jcen.20.2.259.1174
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Event-related potential (ERP) methods for identifying malingering of cognitive deficit assume that elements of brain/cognitive functioning are not under a person's direct control, whereas neuropsychological methods assume that malingered cognitive deficit will present differently than true impairment in terms of level...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/jcen.21.6.866.850
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a sample of 163 college undergraduates, the effects of task demand, noise, and anxiety on Continuous Performance Test (CPT) errors were evaluated with multiple regression and multivariate analysis of variance. Results indicated significantly more omission errors on the difficult task. Complex interaction effects of...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639608408308
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:This study was designed to assess sex differences in older adults (55-65 years old) in executive functions and to examine the influence of hormone therapy (HT) in postmenopausal women. METHOD:We have assessed task performance in memory, visuospatial, and executive functions in 29 women using HT, 29 women ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2014.1000267
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the relationship between image vividness and psychophysiological responses to trauma-related stimuli in participants with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). An auditory stimulus related to a shared trauma was presented to participants with and without PTSD and physiological parameters (heart rat...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/jcen.21.1.39.946
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Somatic hypervigilance describes a clinical presentation in which people report more, and more intense, bodily sensations than is usual. Most explanations of somatic hypervigilance implicate altered information processing, but strong empirical data are lacking. Attention and working memory are critical for in...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2016.1203869
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impulsive behavior is thought to lead to both positive and negative psychosocial outcomes. However, little is known about the potential consequences of subclinical expressions of behavior dysregulation on everyday functioning. To examine this relationship, global social functioning was measured in 89 healthy, young ad...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2011.639297
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asymptomatic persons at risk for Huntington's disease (HD) (N = 28) were assessed with neuropsychological, psychiatric, and neurologic tests while undergoing genetic linkage studies to determine their probability of carrying the HD gene. Those participants who were subsequently identified as probable gene carriers did...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639208402547
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the area of abilities testing, one issue of continued dissent is whether abilities are best conceptualized as manifestations of a single underlying general factor or as reflecting the combination of multiple traits that may be dissociable. The fact that diverse cognitive tests tend to be positively correlated has b...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2011.645018
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Anomia is an impairment of naming: the retrieval of specific lexical items from the mental lexicon. Theoretically, whether anomia reflects a failure of selection at the preverbal "idea" level or at the subsequent linguistic formulation stage remains a topic of debate. We investigated the preverbal mechanis...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2018.1562050
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Past research has found links among cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRFs), depression, and cognition in older adults. This study investigated how well baseline cerebrovascular burden and depression predicted verbal fluency three and six months later. Participants were 139 medical rehabilitation patients, age 60 and abo...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803390590949322
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00