Abstract：
:Most autoimmune diseases occur significantly more frequently in women than men. This female preponderance for abnormal autoimmune function has largely gone unexplained. Many investigations have concentrated on the effects of female and male sex hormones on immune function, by suggesting that estrogens favor the antibody production-enhancing Th2 response and, by doing so, possibly, increase the risk towards abnormal autoimmune function. Others have suggested that women are genetically predisposed towards abnormal autoimmune function, possibly because the X chromosome may confer susceptibility towards tolerance breakdown. Recent developments have, however, opened new research avenues. The possible association between persistent fetal-maternal microchimerism and the development of autoimmune diseases has attracted special interest. Since, in analogy to allogeneic organ transplantation, fetal-maternal (and maternal-fetal) microchimerism may play an important role in the immunologic tolerance of the fetal semi-allograft, female preponderance for autoimmune diseases may be understood as a consequence of increased allogeneic cell traffic in females (in comparison to males), increased risk for long-term microchimerism and, therefore, as a consequence of the former two, the development of abnormal autoimmunity. Under an evolutionary view point the occurrence of autoimmune diseases, in general, can be seen as the price to be paid for successful reproduction. In view of increased exposure to cell traffic, women, of course, would be expected to pay a higher price, reflected in more autoimmunity.
journal_name
J Autoimmunjournal_title
Journal of autoimmunityauthors
Gleicher N,Barad DHdoi
10.1016/j.jaut.2006.12.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-02-01 00:00:00pages
1-6issue
1eissn
0896-8411issn
1095-9157pii
S0896-8411(06)00117-Xjournal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Previous studies on Spanish patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) have shown extensive, disease-specific cross-reactivity between the 65-kDa heat shock protein (hsp65) of Mycobacterium gordonae and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-E2 (PDC-E2), the major target of anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA). Studies on a B...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2004.03.002
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD4(+) IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells have long been associated with the pathogenesis of many organ-specific autoimmune diseases; however, the observation of disease in mice deficient in molecules involved in Th1 cell differentiation raised the possibility that other effector T cells were responsible for inducing autoi...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2008.04.017
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we assessed the expression of activation markers on gammadelta T cells in central nervous system (CNS) lesions of SJL mice adoptively sensitized to develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) using myelin basic protein-reactive T cells. Although disease expression is known to be dependent up...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jaut.2001.0547
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Congenital immune deficiency states have often been valuable experimental models of nature that have significantly enhanced our understanding of the immune response. The relationship between CD4+, CD25+ and Treg cells in the induction of autoimmunity has attracted significant attention. We report herein a male child o...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2006.04.005
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multi-system disease characterized by wide-spread DNA methylation changes. To identify epigenetic susceptibility loci for lupus nephritis, genome-wide DNA methylation changes in naïve CD4+ T cells were compared between two sets of lupus patients with and without a history of renal inv...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2015.05.003
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Susceptibility to Pemphigus, an autoimmune disease of the skin, has been previously linked to DRB1*0402, 1401/04 and DQB1*0503 in pemphigus vulgaris (PV), to DRB1*0102, 0404, 1402/06 in endemic pemphigus foliaceus in Brazil and to DRB1*04 in Italian patients suffering from pemphigus foliaceus (PF). The disease is caus...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jaut.2000.0388
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Selective homing of autoreactive lymphocytes to the pancreatic islets of Langerhans is essential for triggering the cascade of molecular and cellular interactions which culminate in the specific destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Based upon the sequential multistep model of lymphocyte adhesion to the end...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jaut.1994.1069
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MHC-class II genes determine susceptibility in human type-1 diabetes. In their context, presentation of target antigen(s) results in autoimmunity and beta-cell destruction. An animal model, in which human beta-cell autoantigen(s) are presented to effector cells in the context of human MHC-class II diabetes-susceptibil...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2009.02.004
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A primary initiating epitope in the NOD mouse model of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) lies between residues 9 and 23 of the insulin B chain. The B:9-23 peptide can bind to the NOD MHC class II molecule (I-Ag7) in multiple registers, but only one, (register 3, R3), creates complexes able to stimulate the majority of pathogenic ...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2018.08.004
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Further to define the epitopes of PDC-E2, the major autoantigen in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), we have developed and characterized five human monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies were derived by fusing a regional hepatic lymph node from a patient with PBC with the mouse human heterohybrid cell line F3B6. Previ...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0896-8411(92)90187-u
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polymyalgia rheumatica is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease of the elderly, and shares many pathogenetic and epidemiological features with giant cell arteritis. The typical symptoms are bilateral aching of the shoulder girdle, associated with morning stiffness. The neck and hip girdle may also be involved...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.016
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is defined as a chronic liver inflammation with loss of tolerance against hepatocytes. The etiology and pathophysiology of AIH are still poorly understood because reliable animal models are limited. Therefore, we recently introduced a model of experimental murine AIH by a self-limited adenov...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2016.12.001
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are believed to be multifactorial diseases that commonly involve multiple organ systems. About three fourth of the patients afflicted with AIDs are women suggesting that sex differences impact the incidence of AID. However, the proportion of females to males suffering from AID varies dependi...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2011.12.001
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum and Ig samples obtained from a patient with Graves' disease during exacerbation and remission were evaluated in the nu/nu bioassay. Blocking of the exacerbation serum's biological activity was demonstrated by several biological assay parameters after it was mixed with the remission serum. Since this blocking eff...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0896-8411(05)80011-3
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical course and changes in serum levels of antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (a-AChR) were followed in 82 patients with myasthenia gravis during a period of 1-8 years after thymectomy. Decrease in a-AChR immediately after thymectomy was influenced by changes in a total IgG. Immunosuppressive medication affe...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0896-8411(91)90018-8
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A subgroup of murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies bind to vascular endothelial cells either directly as a result of cross-reactivity, or indirectly through immunoglobulin-bound DNA and DNA-binding proteins on the endothelial cell membrane. To determine whether these mechanisms apply in human systemic lupus erythemat...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jaut.1997.9998
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic lupus (SLE) is characterized by a break of B cell tolerance that plays a central role in disease pathophysiology. An early checkpoint defect occurs at the transitional stage leading to the survival of autoreactive B cells and consequently the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. The main purpose of our wo...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2019.05.002
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have demonstrated increased expression of a laminin-like protein in labial salivary glands from Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients. The objective of the present study was to verify the identity of this protein and to compare lymphocytic infiltration and laminin expression in minor salivary gland ductal ...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jaut.1996.0109
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease primarily afflicting women. The reason for the gender bias is unclear, but genetic susceptibility, estrogen and environmental agents appear to play significant roles in SLE pathogenesis. Environmental agents can contribute to lupus susceptibility through epig...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2011.11.001
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype of systemic autoimmune diseases. In both human and mouse SLE diseases, the autoimmune response targets a restricted set of autoantigens. Many of them are nucleic acids and proteins involved in the synthesis and processing of DNA or RNA, a characteristic which should ...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/jaut.1996.0031
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The specific contributions of islet cell microenvironment during the development of autoimmune type 1 diabetes remain unclear. The aims of this study were to identify early immune-driven abnormalities in islets and pancreatic lymph nodes of NOD mice by cDNA arrays. We compared gene expression profiles of purified isle...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2004.03.007
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type 1 diabetes is the result of an ongoing autoimmune response to specific proteins expressed by the insulin producing beta cells. Recently, a number of beta cell autoantigens have been identified. However, their role in mediating the diabetogenic response is not known. Here we assess the relative importance of a pan...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/jaut.1994.1067
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and diabetes in the diabetes prone (DP) BB rat animal model of IDDM is thought to be due to an autoimmune process. Natural killer (NK) cells have been implicated but not proven to play a pathogenetic role in BB rats due to the increased NK cell number and a...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0896-8411(95)80021-2
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is an increasingly widely used treatment modality in hematological malignancies. Alloreactivity mediated by donor T cells (and, in some settings, by donor natural killer cells) can produce durable immunologic control or eradication of residual malignancy after alloge...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2007.12.002
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Different cell populations isolated from rats during the period of latency of adjuvant arthritis were injected into the bloodstream of naive rats to test their ability to transfer articular disorders. Synovium-derived cells (synoviocytes) were able to induce arthritis in 3 out of 4 recipient animals, whereas periphera...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed the implication of Th (helper)-cells and the modulation of the Th1/Th2 dichotomy by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in type I diabetic pregnancy (DP) and macrosomia. Female gestant rats fed a standard diet or n-3 PUFA regimen were rendered diabetic by administration of five low doses of streptozotoc...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2006.03.003
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic myocarditis often progresses to dilated cardiomyopathy resulting in heart failure or cardiac transplantation. Viral infection is the most common cause of myocarditis and coxsackie B viruses (CBV) are the most frequently cited etiologic agents associated with myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. Additionally, CBV in...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2005.05.007
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory and demyelinating autoimmune disease of CNS has both, a genetic and an environmental predisposition. Among all the genetic factors associated with MS susceptibility, HLA class II haplotypes such as DR2/DQ6, DR3/DQ2, and DR4/DQ8 show the strongest association. Although a direct ...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2011.05.001
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many mechanisms can explain the mode of action of IVIg in immune disorders. Macrophage blockade and interference in the idiotypic network are supported by some experimental data. Among the other mechanisms, two are considered in greater detail. Firstly, in some disorders, the patients could improve simply because the ...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/jaut.1993.1057
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T-cell (Treg)-deficient Scurfy (Sf) mice rapidly develop severe inflammation in the skin and lungs with expanded Th subsets bearing increased expression of various chemokine/chemoattractant/retention receptor genes (CRG). Nine different double mutants were generated to elucidate their rol...
journal_title：Journal of autoimmunity
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaut.2012.02.001
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
