Abstract:
:Cell cycle transitions are often accompanied by the degradation of regulatory molecules. Targeting proteins to the proteasome for degradation is accomplished by the covalent addition of ubiquitin chains. The specificity of this pathway is largely dictated by a set of enzymes called ubiquitin ligases (or E3s). The anaphase-promoting complex (or APC) is a ubiquitin ligase that has a particularly prominent role in regulating cell cycle progression. To date, the APC is the most complicated member of the RING/cullin family of multisubunit E3s. It includes at least 13 core subunits and three related adaptors. A combination of biochemical, genetic, and structural approaches are now shedding light on the enzymology of the APC. This review will focus on these data, drawing parallels with related ubiquitin ligases.
journal_name
Genes Devjournal_title
Genes & developmentauthors
Thornton BR,Toczyski DPdoi
10.1101/gad.1478306subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-11-15 00:00:00pages
3069-78issue
22eissn
0890-9369issn
1549-5477pii
20/22/3069journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The proteasome is well known for its regulation of the cell cycle and degradation of mis-folded proteins, yet many of its functions are still unknown. We show that RPN11, a gene encoding a subunit of the regulatory cap of the proteasome, is required for UV-stimulated activation of Gcn4p target genes, but is dispensabl...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.863801
更新日期:2001-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::RBP is a cellular protein that functions as a transcriptional repressor in mammalian cells. RBP has elicited great interest lately because of its established roles in regulating gene expression, in Drosophila and mouse development, and as a component of the Notch signal transduction pathway. This report focuses on the...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.12.11.1621
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smads regulate transcription of defined genes in response to TGF-beta receptor activation, although the mechanisms of Smad-mediated transcription are not well understood. We demonstrate that the TGF-beta-inducible Smad3 uses the tumor suppressor Smad4/DPC4 and CBP/p300 as transcriptional coactivators, which associate ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.12.14.2153
更新日期:1998-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the regulation of the activin/nodal-inducible distal element (DE) of the Xenopus goosecoid (gsc) promoter. On the basis of its interaction with the DE, we isolated a Xenopus homolog of the human Williams-Beuren syndrome critical region 11 (XWBSCR11), and further, show that it interacts with pathway-spe...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.963802
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytokine-activated Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway plays an important role in the control of a wide variety of biological processes. When misregulated, JAK/STAT signaling is associated with various human diseases, such as immune disorders and tumorigenesis. To gai...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1320705
更新日期:2005-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments in Xenopus have illustrated the importance of extracellular morphogens for embryonic gene regulation in vertebrates. Much less is known about how induction leads to the correct positioning of boundaries; for example, between germ layers. Here we report that the neuroectoderm/mesoderm boundary is controlled...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.409507
更新日期:2007-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms of RNA replication of plus-strand RNA viruses are still unclear. Here, we identified the first promoter element for RNA synthesis described in a flavivirus. Using dengue virus as a model, we found that the viral RdRp discriminates the viral RNA by specific recognition of a 5' element named SLA. We demon...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1444206
更新日期:2006-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Eukaryotic translation initiation begins with ribosomal recruitment of aminoacylated initiator tRNA (Met-tRNA(Met)(i)) by eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2. In cooperation with eIF3, eIF1, and eIF1A, Met-tRNA(Met)(i)/eIF2/GTP binds to 40S subunits yielding 43S preinitiation complexes that attach to the 5'-terminal reg...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1957510
更新日期:2010-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Two retrovirus promoter trap vectors (U3His and U3Neo) have been used to disrupt genes expressed in totipotent murine embryonal stem (ES) cells. Selection in L-histidinol or G418 produced clones in which the coding sequences for histidinol-dehydrogenase or neomycin-phosphotransferase were fused to sequences in or near...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.6.6.919
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a new technique, called 'toeprinting,' which has allowed a study of the tRNA-binding properties of Escherichia coli translation initiation complexes. In response to natural mRNAs, the initiator tRNA and a variety of elongator tRNAs bind to the same tRNA-binding site on the 30S ribosomal subunit as lo...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.3.12a.1899
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, gene silencing at the HMR and HML loci is normally dependent on Sir2p, Sir3p, and Sir4p, which are structural components of silenced chromatin. Sir2p is a NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase required for silencing. Silencing can be restored in cells lacking Sir proteins by a dominant mutati...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.873601
更新日期:2001-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Riboswitches are RNA elements that undergo a shift in structure in response to binding of a regulatory molecule. These elements are encoded within the transcript they regulate, and act in cis to control expression of the coding sequence(s) within that transcript; their function is therefore distinct from that of small...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1101/gad.1747308
更新日期:2008-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Known prions (infectious proteins) are self-propagating amyloids or conformationally altered proteins, but in theory an enzyme necessary for its own activation could also be a prion (or a gene composed of protein). We show that yeast protease B is such a prion, called [beta].[beta] is infectious, reversibly curable, a...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1115803
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The p53 tumor suppressor activates either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to cellular stress. Mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) provide a powerful primary cell system to study both p53-dependent pathways. Specifically, in response to DNA damage, MEFs undergo p53-dependent G(1) arrest, whereas MEFs expressing ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The human Y-family DNA polymerases, Poliota, Poleta, and Polkappa, function in promoting replication through DNA lesions. However, because of their low fidelity, any involvement of these polymerases in DNA synthesis during base excision repair (BER) would be highly mutagenic. Mechanisms, therefore, must exist to exclu...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1146103
更新日期:2003-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The embryonic expression of COUP-TFII, an orphan nuclear receptor, suggests that it may participate in mesenchymal-epithelial interactions required for organogenesis. Targeted deletion of the COUP-TFII gene results in embryonic lethality with defects in angiogenesis and heart development. COUP-TFII mutants are defecti...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.13.8.1037
更新日期:1999-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Extensive DNA elimination via a DNA breakage and rejoining process occurs during macronuclear development in the hypotrich ciliate Euplotes crassus. The excision process involves the removal of short, unique segments of DNA (internal eliminated sequences; IESs) and at least two highly repetitive families of transposon...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.7.1.84
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rpoH gene of Escherichia coli encodes sigma 32, the 32-kD sigma-factor responsible for the heat-inducible transcription of the heat shock genes. rpoH is transcribed from at least three promoters. Two of these promoters are recognized by RNA polymerase containing sigma 70, the predominant sigma-factor. We purified ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.3.9.1462
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate in numerous cell responses, including proliferation, DNA damage, and cell death. Based on these disparate activities, both promotion and inhibition of ROS have been proposed for cancer therapy. However, how the ROS response is determined is not clear. We examined the activitie...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.271130.115
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many species, a dosage compensation complex (DCC) is targeted to X chromosomes of one sex to equalize levels of X-gene products between males (1X) and females (2X). Here we identify cis-acting regulatory elements that target the Caenorhabditis elegans X chromosome for repression by the DCC. The DCC binds to discret...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1751109
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deletions and other chromosomal rearrangements can be generated by recombination between repeated sequences. It has been shown in a number of systems that the probability of exchange or gene conversion decreases with increasing distance between repeats. This paper examines the question of how repeats find each other, ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.2.12b.1800
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The C-terminal domain of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) alpha subunit (alphaCTD) stimulates transcription initiation by interacting with upstream (UP) element DNA and a variety of transcription activators. Here we identify specific substitutions in region 4.2 of sigma 70 (sigma(70)) and in alphaCTD that de...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1079403
更新日期:2003-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::In this issue of Genes & Development, Wierzbicki and colleagues (pp. 1825-1836) examine the current model of RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) by determining genome-wide distributions of RNA polymerase V (Pol V) occupancy, siRNAs, and DNA methylation. Their data support the key role of base-pairing between Pol V tra...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.200410.112
更新日期:2012-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::In a four-cell-stage Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, Wnt signaling polarizes an endoderm precursor called EMS. The polarization of this cell orients its mitotic spindle in addition to inducing endodermal fate in one daughter cell. Reducing the function of Wnt pathway genes, including a newly identified GSK-3beta homolo...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.13.15.2028
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The choice of self-renewal versus differentiation is a fundamental issue in stem cell and cancer biology. Neural progenitors of the Drosophila post-embryonic brain, larval neuroblasts (NBs), divide asymmetrically in a stem cell-like fashion to generate a self-renewing NB and a Ganglion Mother Cell (GMC), which divides...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.1487506
更新日期:2006-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cytosolic RNA/DNA sensing elicits primary defense against viral pathogens. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a key signal mediator/transcriptional factor of the antiviral-sensing pathway, is indispensible for interferon production and antiviral defense. However, how the status of IRF3 activation is controlled rem...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.277533.116
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate functional differences between RNA polymerases IIA and IIO (Pol IIA and Pol IIO), with hypo- and hyperphosphorylated carboxy-terminal repeat domains (CTDs), respectively, we have visualized the in vivo distributions of the differentially phosphorylated forms of Pol II on Drosophila polytene chromosomes....
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.7.12a.2329
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The subdivision of the lateral mesoderm into a visceral (splanchnic) and a somatic layer is a crucial event during early mesoderm development in both arthropod and vertebrate embryos. In Drosophila, this subdivision leads to the differential development of gut musculature versus body wall musculature. Here we report t...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.917101
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unique property of stem cells to self-renew suggests specific mechanisms that regulate their cell-cycle progression. In the present study, we identify a novel protein, nucleostemin, found in the nucleoli of CNS stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and several cancer cell lines and preferentially expressed by other st...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.55671
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interactions required for inhibition of poly(A) polymerase (PAP) by the U1 snRNP-specific U1A protein, a reaction whose function is to autoregulate U1A protein production, are examined. PAP inhibition requires a substrate RNA to which at least two molecules of U1A protein can bind tightly, but we demonstrate that the ...
journal_title:Genes & development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1101/gad.11.6.761
更新日期:1997-03-15 00:00:00