Abstract：
:Melasma is an irregular brown or grayish-brown facial hypermelanosis, often affecting women, especially those living in areas of intense UV radiation. The precise cause of melasma remains unknown; however, there are many possible contributing factors. Because of its dermal component and tendency to relapse, melasma is often difficult to treat. The use of broad-spectrum (UVA + UVB) sunscreen is important, as is topical hydroquinone, the most common treatment for melasma. Other lightening agents include retinoic acid (tretinoin) and azelaic acid. Combination therapies such as hydroquinone, tretinoin, and corticosteroids have been used in the treatment of melasma, and are thought to increase efficacy as compared with monotherapy. Kojic acid, isopropylcatechol, N-acetyl-4-cysteaminylphenol, and flavonoid extracts are other compounds that have been investigated for their ability to produce hypopigmentation, but their efficacy, safety, or trial design indicates that the interventions would need further study before they could be recommended. Chemical peels, laser treatments, and intense pulsed light therapy are additional therapeutic modalities that have been used to treat melasma.
journal_name
J Am Acad Dermatoljournal_title
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatologyauthors
Gupta AK,Gover MD,Nouri K,Taylor Sdoi
10.1016/j.jaad.2006.02.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-12-01 00:00:00pages
1048-65issue
6eissn
0190-9622issn
1097-6787pii
S0190-9622(06)00523-8journal_volume
55pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Phototherapy may be effective in atopic dermatitis (AD). Medium-dose (MD) ultraviolet (UV) A1 was introduced for the treatment of AD. Few immunohistochemical data are available pertaining to phototherapy in AD. Regulatory T cells may play a role in clearing AD. OBJECTIVES:We sought to compare the clinical a...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2008.08.048
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We observed the course of development of porokeratosis stimulated by benzylhydrochlorothiazide (BHCTh) in normal-appearing skin of a patient with long-standing stable porokeratosis of Mibelli. A 72-year-old Japanese man had had porokeratosis of Mibelli for more than 50 years. During administration of BHCTh for 1 year ...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(84)70172-1
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with rosacea have increased amounts of cathelicidin and protease activity but their usefulness as disease biomarkers is unclear. OBJECTIVE:We sought to evaluate the effect of doxycycline treatment on cathelicidin expression, protease activity, and clinical response in rosacea. METHODS:In all, 170 ...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2016.01.023
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecules of the extracellular matrix may influence the biologic behavior of basal cell keratinocytes. In the unwounded situation, basal cells are in contact with the basement membrane of the dermo-epidermal junction and eventually detach from this structure, move vertically, and differentiate. During wound healing th...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(85)80005-0
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the coexistence of pemphigus vulgaris and Paget's disease of the nipple in a patient with a documented history of pemphigus and a 2-year complaint of an eczematous breast lesion. A biopsy taken from the lesion showed the characteristic histologic features of both pemphigus and Paget's disease of the nipple. ...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(87)80071-3
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) are genetically linked to two alleles of the HLA subgroup, and circulating antibodies were found in first-degree relatives of these patients, thus showing genetic predisposition. OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to determine the occurrence of circulating true PV-IgG in patient...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(97)70324-4
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a unique tumor, mainly of adults, which is characterized by epithelioid or histiocytoid endothelial cells. It is a low-grade malignant vascular tumor first described as a distinctive entity in 1982 by Weiss and Enzinger. An 8-year-old girl presented with an approximately 3-yea...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(00)90267-6
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present further evidence that granuloma annulare and autoimmune thyroiditis may be associated. Only 11 cases have been previously reported with this association as far as we know. It may be advantageous to consider checking the thyroid-stimulating hormone and/or antithyroid antibodies before administering medicatio...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ochronosis is an uncommon condition characterized by yellow-brown pigment deposits in the dermis. It occurs in exogenous and endogenous forms. We report a case of exogenous ochronosis in a Hispanic woman and discuss the different forms of this condition. We treated the lesions with Q-switched ruby laser. ...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(00)90257-3
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Melanocytic nevi are commonly believed to undergo changes during pregnancy. This is probably related to hormonal influences; however, few studies have been able to prove it. We observed a case of a benign melanocytic nevus, which showed significant enlargement during pregnancy and immediate postpartum regression assoc...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(00)90277-9
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The co-existence of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and atopic dermatitis (AD) had been reported but was not investigated in controlled studies. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the bidirectional association between HS and AD. METHODS:A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare incidence rate...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2020.12.051
更新日期：2020-12-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Onycholysis (ONY) of the fingernails is a common disorder that is diagnosed with ease but often managed with great difficulty. The full spectrum of causes is broad and not always readily apparent. In this review, an approach to the evaluation and management of ONY is offered. ...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(85)70077-1
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A persistent periocular dermatitis resulting from the prolonged use of topical fluorinated corticosteroids that resembled the perioral variety was observed in three patients. All topical therapy was ineffective until systemic tetracycline was administered. ...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(86)70218-1
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two cases of semicircular lipoatrophy and one of annular lipoatrophy are presented. The reasons why semicircular lipoatrophy, annular lipoatrophy, and annular atrophy of the ankles seem to be different clinical entities are discussed. ...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(89)70053-0
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical and laboratory records of 100 biopsy-proved cases of generalized granuloma annulare seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1966 and 1986 were reviewed. The skin eruption involved predominantly annular lesions in 67 patients and predominantly nonannular papules in 33. The ratio of female-to-male patients was 2.9:1 in...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(89)70005-0
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Punctate hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles is an uncommon autosomal dominant condition. We report a 65-year-old man with this condition and review the literature. With electron microscopy, we have examined both clinically affected and adjacent clinically unaffected palmar skin. The only ultrastructural differences...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(80)80223-4
更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The hazards of acute radiation exposure are well known. Bone marrow failure from total body gamma or neutron irradiation is the most clinically relevant aspect of acute radiation disease. With nonhomogeneous exposure, as is characteristic in accidents, other organ systems, such as the skin, may be more impor...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(08)81501-0
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite multiple therapeutic approaches for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), no single treatment has convincingly shown consistent benefit. The most successful outcomes have been associated with recovery of renal function, although evidence remains limited and past studies have been inconclusive. OBJECT...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2017.02.003
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:George Cheyne Shattuck's 1808 dissertation on structure and function of the skin is one of the earliest American writings on the topic of skin diseases. Although this essay contributed no important new observations, it does provide insight into the attitudes of American physicians in the post-Revolutionary War period ...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mjd.2002.119644
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Malignant melanomas occur with increased frequency and at an early age in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to describe the histologic features of malignant melanomas in patients with XP and to search for a possible precursor lesion. METHODS:Clinical records ...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0190-9622(93)70079-9
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Six men suffering from acute dermatitis had positive patch tests to Larrea (creosote bush). The lesions preferentially involved sun-exposed sites, simulating a photodermatitis, but also were on the legs and scrotum. Our findings were more consistent with contact allergy than with a primary irritant or a phototoxic res...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(86)70022-4
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, low-dose 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin induction concurrent with radiation (chemoradiation) has been reported to be effective for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the otorhinolaryngologic and gynecologic regions. However, to date, this therapeutic option has not been evaluated for squamous cell carcino...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2005.12.035
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 39-year-ole man developed edema and vesiculation of the oral mucosa following the application of benzocaine (Hurricaine) gel. Open testing demonstrated an immediate urticarial reaction. Closed patch tests were positive after 48 hours. The contact dermatitis was consistent with a delayed-type hypersensitivity. It app...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(80)80009-0
更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) degrades the essential amino acid tryptophan, and this degradation is an immunosuppressive mechanism that is mainly used by antigen-presenting cells. IDO-expressing dendritic cells and macrophages have previously been identified as components of lymph node granulo...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2010.07.050
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many cutaneous diseases have been reported in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. We report two patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris and human immunodeficiency virus infection. In one patient, the onset of pityriasis rubra pilaris preceded the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus infection. In...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0190-9622(91)70106-c
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been a resurgence of syphilis in the past decade. Uncommonly, diffuse hair loss, termed essential alopecia, is the only sign of syphilitic infection. We describe two patients with syphilis in whom the first sign of disease was alopecia and discuss the clinical and histopathologic findings of essential syphil...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0190-9622(95)91543-5
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two babies were found to have large hemangiomas. Histologically there were many islands of compactly packed mesenchymal cells in the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Electron microscopically there was proliferation of immature endothelial cells and pericytes. Characteristic crystalline lamellae were in the endothe...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0190-9622(83)70009-5
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite recommendations to limit the use of oral antibiotics and increasing support for hormonal agents in the treatment of acne, it is unclear whether there have been any significant changes in practice patterns. OBJECTIVE:To characterize changes in prescribing behavior for systemic agents in the treatment...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2017.04.016
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Drug-specific T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs). OBJECTIVE:We sought to evaluate the diagnostic role of in vitro drug-induced release of interferon gamma in CADRs. METHODS:The study group consisted of 36 patients with CADRs after intake of 106 drugs that w...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jaad.2004.05.006
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Griseofulvin has been used in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis with limited success. Evidence suggests that terbinafine may be more effective. OBJECTIVE:In a double-blind, parallel-group study we compared 250 mg/day terbinafine for 16 weeks with 500 mg/day griseofulvin for 52 weeks (or for shorter per...
journal_title：Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0190-9622(95)91454-4
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
