Abstract:
:This paper addresses methodologic issues in studies of mortality, and the impact of these issues in studies of mortality in epilepsy. One important issue is to identify the question: Is it whether epilepsy increases the risk of dying? Or is it whether the underlying condition that led to epilepsy, itself associated with an increased risk for death, is the cause of increased mortality observed in epilepsy? Each measure for estimating mortality requires specific study designs. The mortality rate, case fatality, standardized mortality ratio (SMR) are calculated in prospective or retrospective cohort studies of death in epilepsy. Because the SMR is obtained by indirect standardization, it uses the age- and gender-distribution of the study group with epilepsy, which differs across studies. Thus, the SMR is impossible to compare across studies. The proportionate mortality ratio considers only the proportion of deaths that are due to epilepsy and is useful when denominators are unavailable, often the case in the developing world. Mortality studies in prevalent cohorts of people with epilepsy are compared to those in incident cohorts of epilepsy. The impact of different sources of cases on mortality in epilepsy is discussed. Finally, cohort effects and competing risks are examined. We conclude that the gold standard for studies on mortality should be a population-based cohort of incident cases. Only this type of cohort permits a complete collection of data and the observation of the clinical phase of the disease from the diagnosis of epilepsy to the outcome of the study, death.
journal_name
Epilepsiajournal_title
Epilepsiaauthors
Logroscino G,Hesdorffer DCdoi
10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.00399.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
3-7eissn
0013-9580issn
1528-1167pii
EPI399journal_volume
46 Suppl 11pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
EPILEPSIA文献大全abstract::We analyzed the results of neuroimaging studies in patients with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) or bilateral independent periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (BIPLEDs) for localization of lesions in gray or white matter to determine if "cortical isolation" is a critical mechanism in the p...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01666.x
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The purpose of this study is to determine the sensibility of each imaging tool in identifying focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in children and adolescents with epilepsy and to define the prognostic factors of pediatric and adolescent epilepsy surgery. METHODS:We identified 48 children with FCD who underwent rese...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02950.x
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Audiogenic seizure-prone mice (DBA/2J) were exposed to a broad band noise source. A reproducible response consisting of wild run, clonus, and tonic stages resulted in all mice. Layers 1 and pyramidal from the parietal cortex and the molecular and Purkinje cell-rich layers from the cerebellar vermis were separately ana...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1982.tb05436.x
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Electroencephalographic seizures (ESs) are common in encephalopathic critically ill children, but identification requires extensive resources for continuous electroencephalographic monitoring (CEEG). In a previous study, we developed a clinical prediction rule using three clinical variables (age, acute enceph...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/epi.16724
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Although levetiracetam undergoes minimum metabolism, B-esterases have been identified in whole blood that are capable of metabolising levetiracetam. The present study was designed to ascertain any variability in levetiracetam blood concentrations that could be attributed to in situ metabolism and which could im...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00819.x
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The objective of this study was the isobolographic evaluation of the interactions between the novel antiepileptic drug (AED) gabapentin (GBP) and a number of other AEDs against electroconvulsion-induced convulsions in mice. METHODS:Electroconvulsions were produced by means of an alternating current (ear-clip e...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.34301.x
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anticonvulsant effect of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, nimodipine (NMD) was evaluated against electroshock-induced seizures in mice. At 1 h postdosing, NMD elicited a dose-dependent reduction in the occurrence of tonic hindlimb extension (THE) after maximal electroshock (MES). The calculated ED50 fo...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02457.x
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of experimental paradigms have been utilized to study verbal learning and memory ability in patients with epilepsy. One commonly used paradigm, the free recall of a list(s) of related or unrelated words, has revealed a variety of performance anomalies in patients with complex partial seizures (CPS) of tempor...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1987.tb03687.x
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To report our evaluation of interictal two epileptic spike fields on magnetoencephalography (MEG) by using invasive intracranial monitoring in a patient without lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS:A 15-year-old left-handed boy with a 9-year history of refractory simple partial seizures, seconda...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb05563.x
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tiagabine (TGB) is a recently approved antiepileptic drug (AED) that inhibits y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) reuptake into neurons and glia, a mechanism of action that is specific and unique among the AEDs. TGB is potent and has linear and predictable pharmacokinetics. It has no clinically relevant effects on hepatic meta...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00915.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventy-eight patients with temporal lobe type seizures were precisely matched for age, sex, and Wechsler I.Q. levels with patients suffering from other seizure types. Statistically significant differences were established between the groups in regard to treatment response, etiologies, and behavioral variables. Furthe...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1976.tb03409.x
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The awareness, understanding, and attitudes toward epilepsy in 1,278 men and women were surveyed in Henan, China in 1988. Results showed that 93% had read or heard about epilepsy; 77% knew someone who had epilepsy; 72% had seen someone who was having a seizure; 57% would object to having their children associate with ...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.1990.tb06304.x
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:A drug holiday seems to produce seizure interval prolongation (SIP) after reinstitution of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). This effect was demonstrated mainly with carbamazepine. We evaluated SIP with newer AEDs and tested the relationship of SIP to history of AED tolerance. METHODS:We prospectively studied patien...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02494.x
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The performance of a new enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) was compared with other current methods, namely gas-liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, for the determination of phenytoin and phenobarbital in serum. Forty-three serum samples were sent as unknowns to the participating laboratori...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1977.tb04979.x
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Status epilepticus (SE) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. A reliable prognosis may help better manage medical resources and treatment strategies. We examined the role of preexisting comorbidities on the outcome of patients with SE, an aspect that has received little attention to date. We prospect...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03451.x
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the effects of high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) in both ventral hippocampi, alone and combined with a subeffective dose of antiepileptic drugs, during the status epilepticus (SE) induced by lithium-pilocarpine (LP). METHODS:Male Wistar rats, stereotactically implanted in both ventral hip...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02315.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Status epilepticus (SE) is a major neurological and medical emergency associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Retrospective and prospective studies from the Medical College of Virginia Epilepsy Research Center have been utilized to investigate several clinical and epidemiological factors associated with SE. Un...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb06223.x
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite over 80 years of use, the ketogenic diet (KD) has never been tested in a blinded manner. Twenty children with intractable Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) were fasted 36 h and then randomized to receive the classic KD in conjunction with a solution containing either 60 g/day of glucose or saccharin. Parents and p...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01740.x
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Management of seizures in learning disabled people is challenging. This prospective study explored the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive topiramate (TPM) in patients with learning disability and refractory epilepsy attending a single centre. METHODS:Sixty-four patients (36 men, 28 women, aged 16-65 years...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.47401.x
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report identical twins with supernumerary ring chromosome 19 mosaicism, who had severe refractory epilepsy at an early age. The epilepsy was dominated largely by severe life-threatening tonic seizures. Both twins died, likely as a consequence of their severe epilepsy. They displayed no dysmorphic features. Eight ca...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.00304.x
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parenterally injected penicillin in rats induces a peculiar pattern of multifocal epilepsy. The effective amount is higher than that required in cats. The epileptiform activity initially appears on the cortical mantle of one hemisphere; after a variable delay, contralateral cortical spikes arise in a completely asynch...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1976.tb03399.x
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Originally derived from a Wistar rat strain, a proportion of which displayed spontaneous absence-type seizures, Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) represent the most widely utilized animal model of genetic generalized epilepsy. Here we compare the seizure, behavioral, and brain morphometric...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/epi.12840
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of the 605 patients seen since 1973, 336 patients have been treated with sodium valproate (VPA) alone or in combination with drugs other than carbamazepine (CBZ). Of these 336, 240 have been on monotherapy, of whom 200 are seizure-free. Follow up has been longer than 3 years in 78%. Complete control of seizures has be...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1982.tb05085.x
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Lowering the length of stay (LOS) is thought to potentially decrease hospital costs and is a metric commonly used to manage capacity. Patients with epilepsy undergoing intracranial electrode monitoring may have longer LOS because the time to seizure is difficult to predict or control. This study investigates ...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/epi.13737
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the treatment of refractory status epilepticus (SE) relies on the use of anesthetic agents, mostly barbiturates, propofol, or midazolam, the study of the available literature discloses that the evidence level is low. Therapeutic coma induction appears straightforward for generalized convulsive or subtle SE, but ...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01350.x
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of seizure types was investigated in an epidemiological survey of 1,220 patients over 15 years of age. Classification of clinically dominant seizure type according to the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures (ICES) was possible in 1,005 cases (82.5%). Fifty-six percent of patients had pa...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1988.tb05089.x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to investigate whether the nucleus parafascicularis (Pf) of the thalamus could be a relay of the control of epileptic seizures by the superior colliculus (SC). The Pf is one of the main ascending projections of the SC, the disinhibition of which has been shown to suppress seizures in d...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.30304.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene expression profiles in brain and blood of animals and humans can be useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of epilepsy. This article reviews recent progress and prospects for the future. ...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00809.x
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenytoin is metabolized to its parahydroxylated derivative by hepatic microsomal enzymes. This hydroxylation is a saturable process, that is, the rate of metabolism fails to increase in proportion to the serum concentration. This leads to a nonlinear relationship between the maintenance dose of the drug and the resul...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1975.tb04745.x
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We sought to characterize and compare the histopathologic and clinical changes elicited by subdural and depth electrodes in subjects undergoing epilepsy surgery evaluation. METHODS:A retrospective review of clinical records, imaging and histopathologic studies of epilepsy surgery cases requiring subdural strip...
journal_title:Epilepsia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.042007895.x
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00