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Smoking, alcohol intake, estrogen use, and age-related macular degeneration in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study.

Abstract：

PURPOSE:To assess the association between smoking, alcohol intake, estrogen use, and both early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (soft indistinct drusen, retinal pigment abnormalities) and advanced AMD (exudative AMD, geographic atrophy) in the Latino community. DESIGN:Population-based, cross-sectional study. METHODS:Complete ophthalmic examination included stereoscopic macular photographs graded with a modified Wisconsin Age-related Maculopathy Grading System. A history of smoking, alcohol intake, and exogenous estrogen use was obtained by interview. Logistic regression was performed, and odds ratios (OR) were calculated with each AMD lesion as a dependent variable. RESULTS:There were 5875 participants (92.4%) with gradable photographs. Having ever smoked was associated with a higher risk of having advanced AMD (OR, 2.4). Heavy consumption of alcohol (>5 drinks per session) was significantly associated with a greater risk of having exudative AMD (OR, 5.8) and geographic atrophy (OR, 12.7) Beer drinking was associated with a higher risk of having advanced AMD (OR, 2.9), whereas wine drinking appeared to be protective for increased retinal pigment (OR, 0.7). Exogenous estrogen use also appeared to be protective from soft indistinct drusen (OR, 0.5) and increased retinal pigment (OR, 0.6), but power was limited in the assessment of its association with advanced AMD. CONCLUSION:Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption, particularly beer, was associated with a greater risk of having advanced AMD; exogenous estrogen use appeared to have a weak protective effect in Latino participants. Similar modifiable risk factors have been identified previously in non-Hispanic white patients, which suggests that common pathogenic mechanisms may be associated with AMD in persons of different ethnicities.

journal_name

Am J Ophthalmol

journal_title

American journal of ophthalmology

authors

Fraser-Bell S,Wu J,Klein R,Azen SP,Varma R

doi

10.1016/j.ajo.2005.08.024

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2006-01-01 00:00:00

pages

79-87

issue

eissn

0002-9394

issn

1879-1891

pii

S0002-9394(05)00907-4

journal_volume

141

pub_type

杂志文章

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Smoking, alcohol intake, estrogen use, and age-related macular degeneration in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study.