Abstract：
:Mental disorders cause more disability than any other class of medical illness in Americans between ages 15 and 44 years. The suicide rate is higher than the annual mortality from homicide, AIDS, and most forms of cancer. In contrast to nearly all communicable and most non-communicable diseases, there is little evidence that the morbidity and mortality from mental disorders have changed in the past several decades. Mental health advocates, including psychiatric researchers, have pointed to stigma as one of the reasons for the lack of progress with mental illnesses relative to other medical illnesses. This review considers how the expectations and goals of the research community have contributed to this relative lack of progress. In contrast to researchers in cancer and heart disease who have sought cures and preventions, biological psychiatrists in both academia and industry have set their sights on incremental and marketable advances, such as drugs with fewer adverse effects. This essay argues for approaches that can lead to cures and strategies for prevention of schizophrenia and mood disorders.
journal_name
Mol Psychiatryjournal_title
Molecular psychiatryauthors
Insel TR,Scolnick EMdoi
10.1038/sj.mp.4001777subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-01-01 00:00:00pages
11-7issue
1eissn
1359-4184issn
1476-5578pii
4001777journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Abnormalities in prefrontal gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission, particularly in fast-spiking interneurons that express parvalbumin (PV), are hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of multiple psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders and depression. Wh...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2015.222
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maternal anxiety during pregnancy is associated with adverse foetal, neonatal, and child outcomes, but biological mechanisms remain unclear. Altered foetal DNA methylation (DNAm) has been proposed as a potential underlying mechanism. In the current study, we performed a meta-analysis to examine the associations betwee...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-020-00976-0
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Cariprazine (CAR) is a strong inhibitor of the Dhcr7 enzyme, the last enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. We assessed the effects of CAR on maternally exposed Dhcr7+/- and wild-type mouse offspring, and tested the biochemical effects of CAR in human serum samples. Dhcr7+/- and wild-type time-pregnant mice ...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-020-0801-x
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychotic symptoms occur in ~40% of subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are associated with more rapid cognitive decline and increased functional deficits. They show heritability up to 61% and have been proposed as a marker for a disease subtype suitable for gene mapping efforts. We undertook a combined analysi...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,多中心研究
doi：10.1038/mp.2011.125
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The s allele variant of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) has recently been observed to moderate the relationship of stress to depression and anxiety. To date no study has considered interactive effects of 5-HTT genotype, stress and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function on cognition in healthy, older adul...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001978
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurotrophic factors, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other members of the neurotrophin family, are central mediators of the activity-dependent plasticity through which environmental experiences, such as sensory information are translated into the structure and function of neuronal networks. ...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2017.61
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. Genetic loci have not yet been identified by genome-wide association studies. Rare copy number variations (CNVs), such as chromosomal deletions or duplications, have been implicated in ADHD and other neurodevelop...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2012.161
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disturbances of the serotoninergic neutrotransmitter system have been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. A functional polymorphism in the upstream regulatory region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has been recently reported to be associated with both unipolar and bipolar disorder. In this s...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4000485
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies have indicated that patients with bipolar disorder (BD) who respond well to lithium prophylaxis constitute a biologically distinct subgroup. Lithium is thought to stabilize mood by acting at the phosphoinositide cycle. We have investigated a polymorphism located in the gene (PLCG1) that codes for a gam...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4000447
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myo-inositol exerts behavioral effects in animal models of psychiatric disorders and is effective in clinical trials in psychiatric patients. Interestingly, epi-inositol exerts behavioral effects similar to myo-inositol, even though epi-inositol is not a substrate for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol. We postulated t...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4000965
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We conducted a 10 centimorgan (cM) linkage genome scan in a set of American extended pedigrees ascertained through probands with panic disorder. Several anxiety disorders segregate in these families. In this article, we describe results for simple phobia from 14 of these families (including 129 subjects of whom 57 are...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001224
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disruption of persistent, stress-associated memories is relevant for treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related syndromes, which develop in a subset of individuals following a traumatic event. We previously developed a stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL) paradigm in inbred mice that produces PTSD-like ...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-019-0432-2
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum antibodies against amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in humans with or without diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) indicate the possibility of immune responses against brain antigens. In an unbiased screening for antibodies directed against brain proteins, we found in AD patients high serum levels of antibodies against t...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2012.70
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chromosome 1q has been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia in several independent studies. However, the peak linkage findings have been dispersed over a large chromosomal region, with negative findings in this region also being reported. Our group has previously observed linkage on chromosome 1q42, maximizing ...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001536
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by hyperactivity, inattention and increased impulsivity. To detect micro-deletions and micro-duplications that may have a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD, we carried out a genome-wide screen for cop...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2010.29
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Binge drinking is associated with disease and death, and developing tools to identify risky drinkers could mitigate its damage. Brain processes underlie risky drinking, so we examined whether neural and psychosocial markers could identify binge drinkers. Reward is the most widely studied neural process in addiction, b...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-020-0771-z
更新日期：2020-05-12 00:00:00
abstract：:It is essential to elucidate brain-adipocyte interactions in order to tackle obesity and its comorbidities, as the precise control of brain-adipose tissue cross-talk is crucial for energy and glucose homeostasis. Recent studies show that in the peripheral adipose tissue, adenosine induces adipogenesis through peripher...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-020-00908-y
更新日期：2020-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium, the most versatile second messenger, regulates essential biology including crucial cellular events in embryogenesis. We investigated impacts of calcium channels and purinoceptors on neuronal differentiation of normal mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), with outcomes being compared to those of in vitro models o...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-020-0717-5
更新日期：2020-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic methamphetamine use poses potentially devastating consequences for directly affected individuals and for society. Lower dopamine D2-type receptor availability has been observed in striata of methamphetamine users as compared with controls, but an analogous comparison of D1-type receptors has been conducted onl...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2017.172
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prefrontal cortex, a part of the limbic-thalamic-cortical network, participates in regulation of mood, cognition and behavior and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Many neuropsychological studies demonstrate impairment of working memory in patients with MDD. However, th...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001894
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Semi-starvation induced hyperactivity (SIH) occurs in rodents upon caloric restriction. We hypothesized that SIH is triggered by the decline in leptin secretion associated with food restriction. To test this hypothesis, rats, which had established a stable level of activity, were treated with leptin or vehicle via imp...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4000771
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychiatric disorders are a group of genetically related diseases with highly polygenic architectures. Genome-wide association analyses have made substantial progress towards understanding the genetic architecture of these disorders. More recently, exome- and whole-genome sequencing of cases and families have identifi...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-018-0087-4
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is both a main regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the autonomic nervous system. CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1)-deficient mice demonstrate alterations in behavior, impaired stress responses with adrenocortical insufficiency and aberrant neuroendocrine deve...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001143
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two recent association studies have implicated the neuregulin-1 gene (NRG1) at chromosome 8p21-22 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Stefansson et al identified three 'at-risk' haplotypes (HapA, B and C) which spanned the NRG1 locus and shared a common core haplotype. Subsequently, they demonstrated evidence ...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001412
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contactin genes CNTN5 and CNTN6 code for neuronal cell adhesion molecules that promote neurite outgrowth in sensory-motor neuronal pathways. Mutations of CNTN5 and CNTN6 have previously been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but very little is known on their prevalence and clinical impact....
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2016.61
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression is a heritable disorder that is often precipitated by stress. Abnormalities of the stress-reactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are also common in depressed patients. In animal models, the forced swim test (FST) is the most frequently used test of depressive-like behavior. We have used a propos...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001255
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-term weight-restored patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) have lower norepinephrine levels than controls. Since this may reflect altered reuptake by the norepinephrine transporter (NET), we hypothesised that the NET gene was involved in the genetic component of AN. PCR-amplification of an AAGG repeat island (AAGG1...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001080
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder of complex genetic etiology. Previous genome-wide surveys have revealed a greater burden of large, rare copy number variations (CNVs) in SCZ cases and identified multiple rare recurrent CNVs that increase risk of SCZ although with incomplete penetranc...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2014.40
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dysthymia is characterized by long-lasting periods of lowered mood. Epidemiological studies in the USA and Europe have demonstrated that the prevalence of dysthymia is at least 3% of the general population. Its pervasive occurrence makes dysthymia a public health problem worldwide. One feature of this disorder is its ...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested the hypothesis that, compared with subjects with no history of psychiatric illness (controls), changes in gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from two subgroups of subjects with schizophrenia, one with a marked deficit in muscarinic M1 receptors (muscarinic receptor-deficit schizophrenia (M...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2016.195
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
