Abstract：
:Nasal efficiency for removing fine particles from inhaled air may be affected by variations in nasal structure associated with race. In 11 African American and 11 Caucasian adults (age 18-31 yr) we measured the fractional deposition (DF) of fine particles (1 and 2 mum mass median aerodynamic diameter) (MMAD) for oral and nasal breathing using individual breathing patterns previously measured by respiratory inductance plethysmography during a graded exercise protocol. DF for both nasal and mouth breathing was measured separately by laser photometry at the same tidal volume and breathing rate for resting and light exercise (20% of maximum work load) conditions. From these DF measures, nasal deposition efficiency (NDE) was calculated for each condition. For light exercise conditions, NDE for both 1- and 2-microm particles was less in African Americans versus Caucasians, 0.15 +/- 0.07 (SD) versus 0.24 +/- 0.11 for 1-microm particles (p = .03), and 0.29 +/- 0.13 versus 0.44 +/- 0.11 for 2-microm particles (p = .006). The racial differences in NDE were associated with racial differences in nasal resistance and nostril shape. These race-dependent nasal efficiencies are dosimetric factors that should be considered in modeling and assessing particulate dose from human exposure to air pollutants.
journal_name
Inhal Toxicoljournal_title
Inhalation toxicologyauthors
Bennett WD,Zeman KLdoi
10.1080/08958370500188984subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-11-01 00:00:00pages
641-8issue
12eissn
0895-8378issn
1091-7691pii
J4341M478445212Tjournal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by phosgene increases risk of serious edema and mortality. Increased permeability of the microvascular endothelium is implicated in the progression of ALI, but the processing interaction and time course activity of the vascular regulators in exudation are still not understood. The main ...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370802015091
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coal mine dust's possible carcinogenicity has recently drawn attention because of the IARC review of quartz, some new epidemiological data in German coal miners, and findings on other poorly soluble, nontoxic dusts in the rat. The aim of this study was to investigate persistent inflammation and tumor response in the r...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958378.2000.11463217
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbial growth in moisture-damaged buildings has been associated with respiratory health effects, and the spores of the mycotoxin producing fungus Aspergillus versicolor are frequently present in the indoor air. To characterize the potential of these spores to cause harmful respiratory effects, mice were exposed via...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370290084908
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Mucociliary clearance sustains a baseline functionality and an "on demand" capability to upregulate clearance upon irritant exposure involving mucus hypersecretion and accelerated ciliary beat frequency (CBF) modulated by nitric oxide (NO). This study characterized these elements as well as cellular and exoge...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958378.2017.1318985
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of low-level concentrations, under the occupational acceptable limits, of toluene exposure and peptidoglycan (PGN) stimulation on Th1/Th2 immunity in infant mice. Pregnant BALB/c mice and their offspring were exposed to low-level toluene inhalation (0, 5, and ...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370902798448
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with acute exacerbations of airflow obstruction. Additionally, elderly individuals are more susceptible to increased functional morbidity following acute PM exposure. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study is to determine the aging effects of PM exposure on the respon...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08958378.2012.731436
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological studies of particulate matter (PM) using central area monitors have associated total PM mass, as well as certain individual components of PM, including sulfate, with adverse human health effects. However, some recent studies that used concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) or analyzed the effects of air...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/08958370590885672
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most current deterministic computer dosimetry models use idealized dichotomous symmetrical infant, child, and adolescent tracheobronchial geometries for dosimetry predictions. These tracheobronchial geometries were derived from either the morphometric measurements of J. D. Mortensen and colleagues or those of R. F. Ph...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370600748349
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Washed human erythrocytes were incubated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles at 37 degrees C for 1 hr and hemolysis was determined by the percentage of hemoglobin released (optical density at 540 nm; OD540) from the cells. Effects of TiO2 on OD540 were corrected and dose-response curves were analyzed by the Hill pl...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370802304123
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Numerous studies have found an association between transiently increased particulate matter air pollution and acute adverse cardiovascular health effects; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not clear. Translocation of ultra-fine ambient particulate matter has been proposed to play a key role...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08958378.2013.844749
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several pharmacokinetic studies on inhalation exposure to manganese (Mn) have already demonstrated that Mn readily accumulates in the olfactory and brain regions. However, a shortening of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 relaxation time or high T1 signal intensity in specific sites of the brain, including the g...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370701516108
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary objective of this study was to correlate the emission of macro and nanoparticles released during the process of metal inert gas/metal active gas (MIG/MAG) of stainless steel with different gas mixtures. Using different gas mixtures with different heat inputs, it was possible to determine fume formation rat...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958378.2017.1358778
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Halomethanes (HMs) can be formed during the chlorination process to obtain drinking water. In liver cells, HMs had been shown to be mutagenic and carcinogenic; however, their bioactivation by CYP 2E1 and GSTT1 is required. Although inhalation is the most common pathway of exposure, reports on the toxic effects induced...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08958378.2012.716871
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well documented that inhalation of sulfur mustard causes injury of the respiratory system. While all of the reports and surveys thoroughly document long-term pulmonary effects after significant exposure to mustard, there is no direct evidence that addresses the issue of long-term respiratory effects in individua...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370490442421
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Toxicological Evaluation of Realistic Emissions Source Aerosols (TERESA) study was carried out at three US coal-fired power plants to investigate the potential toxicological effects of primary and photochemically aged (secondary) particles using in situ stack emissions. The exposure system designed successfully si...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08958371003728040
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cigarette smoke exposures in mice have been conducted under various exposure conditions using different strains as animal models of smoke-related diseases. We exposed cigarette smoke to two strains of mice [C57BL/6J (C57) and AKR/J (AKR)] under two different exposure regimens (1 h or 4 h/day) at equivalent daily expos...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08958378.2011.596851
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the association between exposure to asbestos fibers and the development of lung cancer and mesothelioma has been well established in humans, the carcinogenic potential of other natural and man-made fibers/particles is not clear. Various in vitro genotoxicity studies have been employed to assess their in vivo ...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958378.2000.11463207
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Background: High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein plays an important pathogenic role in various diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. However, the relationship between variation of HMGB1 gene and susceptibility to coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) remains unclear. The objective of the study was to determine the as...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958378.2020.1764153
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurement strategies as well as results from measurements at workplaces are presented. Measurements were performed in research laboratories as well as by companies producing small amounts of nanostructured materials. The work was done in the frame of a BAuA (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) resear...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370902962317
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A combination of high fuel prices, bus maintenance costs, and the health and safety of school children, along with a consideration of federal and state regulations, prompted Medford Township school district in southern New Jersey to explore the use of alternative fuels, specifically biodiesel. The school district owns...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370701533467
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Laboratory studies involving intentional and highly controlled exposures to air pollutants among groups of human volunteers provide valuable information related to the potential health effects of pollutants regulated under the US Clean Air Act. These controlled human exposure studies often provide biological plausibil...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/08958378.2010.539290
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bronchial epithelial cells exposed to allergens typically secrete chemokines to recruit eosinophils. Persistent inflammation and repair responses result in airway remodeling and irreversible airflow limitation. House dust mite (HDM) is a common allergen causing allergic disorders. Thioredoxin (TRX) is a redox protein ...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370802368730
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning may cause cardiotoxicity. The natriuretic peptides, including atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-BNP, and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide), are endogenous cardiac hormones that may be secreted upon myocardial stress. The aim of this s...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370500305885
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program was to provide scientifically founded information on the chemical and physical properties of dust collected over a period of approximately 1 year in Djibouti, Afghanistan (Bagram, Khowst), Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Iraq (Balad, Baghdad, Tallil, Tik...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370802464273
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Species differences in the handling of particles are topics of interest for setting ambient particulate matter standards as well as for studies involving the phenomenon of lung overload and the implications, if any, of such studies for workplace dust exposure standards. The dosimetry of inhaled particles differs among...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958378.2000.11463250
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With regard to genotoxicity testing and cancer risk assessment, particles and fibers form a rather specific group among all toxicants. First, the physicochemical behavior of fibrous and nonfibrous particles is usually very different from that of nonparticulate, chemical carcinogens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are b...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/089583701753338631
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mexico City children are chronically exposed to significant concentrations of air pollutants and exhibit chronic respiratory-tract inflammation. Epidemiological, controlled human exposures, laboratory-based animal models, and in vitro/in vivo studies have shown that inflammatory, endothelial dysfunction, and endotheli...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370701864797
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this work is to define a sample preparation protocol that allows inorganic fibers and particulate matter extracted from different biological samples to be characterized morphologically, crystallographically and chemically by transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (TEM-EDS). The ...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958378.2016.1175527
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Toxicological Evaluation of Realistic Emissions of Source Aerosols (TERESA) study involved withdrawal, aging, and atmospheric transformation of emissions of three coal-fired power plants. Toxicological evaluations were carried out in rats exposed to different emission scenarios with extensive exposure characteriza...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/08958378.2010.566291
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Irritant-induced inflammation of the airways may aggravate respiratory allergy induced by chemical respiratory allergens. Therefore, the effect of airway irritation by synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) on respiratory allergy to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) was studied. Brown Norway (BN) rats were topically sensitized on...
journal_title：Inhalation toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/08958370802105371
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
