Abstract：
:Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the synthesizing enzyme for acetylcholine, has been implicated to involve multiple isoforms of ChAT mRNA in several animals. Since these isoforms are mostly non-coding splice variants, only a homologous ChAT protein of about 68 kDa has been shown to be produced in vivo. Recent evidence indicates the existence of a protein coding splice variant of ChAT mRNA, which lacks exons 6-9 of the rat ChAT gene. The encoded protein was designated ChAT of a peripheral type (pChAT), because of its preferential expression in the peripheral nervous system as confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. However, functional significance of pChAT is unknown. To obtain a clue to this question, we examined a possible difference in intracellular trafficking between pChAT and the well-known ChAT of the common type (cChAT) using green fluorescent protein (GFP) in living human embryonic kidney cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that pChAT-GFP was detectable in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus, whereas cChAT-GFP was found in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Following treatment with leptomycin B, a nuclear export pathway inhibitor, pChAT-GFP became detectable in both cytoplasm and nucleus, indicating that pChAT can be translocated to the nucleus. In contrast, the leptomycin B treatment did not seem to affect the content of intranuclear cChAT-GFP. After incubation with protein kinase C inhibitors, enhanced accumulation of pChAT-GFP but not cChAT-GFP occurred in the nucleus. These results clearly indicate that pChAT varies from cChAT in intracellular transportation, probably reflecting the difference in physiological roles between pChAT and cChAT.
journal_name
Neurochem Intjournal_title
Neurochemistry internationalauthors
Matsuo A,Bellier JP,Hisano T,Aimi Y,Yasuhara O,Tooyama I,Saito N,Kimura Hdoi
10.1016/j.neuint.2004.11.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-04-01 00:00:00pages
423-33issue
5eissn
0197-0186issn
1872-9754pii
S0197-0186(04)00204-9journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The integrity of hippocampal G-protein mediated signalling following ibotenate induced lesion of the medial septum was examined. The lesion was confined histologically to the septum and induced a 23% reduction in hippocampal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and G-proteins levels and related enzyme activities ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(99)00033-9
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective role of p38 inhibition on experimental stroke in rats. p38 inhibition treatment alleviated the brain infarction volume and neurological deficits following ischemia, promoted the activation of Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), suppressed the activ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2015.06.010
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ubiquitin (Ub) carboxy terminal hydrolase (UCH)-L1 and UCH-L3 are two of the deubiquitinating enzymes expressed in the brain. Both gad mice, which lack UCH-L1 expression and Uchl3 knockout mice exhibit neurodegeneration, although at distinct areas. These phenotypes indicate the importance of UCH-L1 and UCH-L3 in the r...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2008.12.013
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years there has been a great deal of research within the stem cell field which has led to the definition and classification of a range of stem cells from a plethora of tissues and organs. Stem cells, by classification, are considered to be pluri- or multipotent and have both self-renewal and multi-differenti...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2016.08.001
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biochemical abnormalities have been implicated in possible mechanisms underlying the epileptic phenomena. Some of these alterations include changes in the activity of several enzymes present in epileptic tissues. Systemic administration of pilocarpine in rats induces electrographic and behavioral limbic seizures and s...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(95)00153-0
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whereas carbachol, noradrenaline, serotonin and memantine stimulated inositol phosphates production and calcium mobilization in 3-5 day old rabbit retinal cultures, only carbachol and noradrenaline were effective when 25-30 day old cultures were used. The older retinal cultures contain only Müller cells which shows th...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(92)90183-r
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present experiments investigated the effect of a neurotoxin purified from the venom of the spider Phoneutria nigriventer. This toxic component, P. nigriventer toxin 3-6 (PnTx3-6), abolished Ca(2+)-dependent glutamate release with an IC(50) of 74.4nM but did not alter Ca(2+)-independent secretion of glutamate when ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(02)00130-4
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of nonsynaptic communication in the 1960s and 1970s was an important milestone in investigating the function of the nervous system, and it revolutionized our view about information transmission between neurons. In addition, nonsynaptic communication has a practical importance not only within the nervous ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2007.06.001
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dopaminergic projection from the substantia nigra to the neostriatum is vulnerable to several neurotoxins including 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), amphetamine, and 5-hydroxydopamine. We have treated rats or mice with these agents and examined various regions of their brains with a combination...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(94)00110-g
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A pre-requisite to understanding the physiological mechanisms of action of melatonin is the identification of the target sites where the hormone acts. The radioligand 2-[125I]iodo-melatonin has been used extensively to localize binding sites in both the brain and peripheral tissues. In general these binding sites have...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(94)90100-7
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transport activity of d-pipecolic acid and of l-pipecolic acid in mouse brain and peripheral tissues were tested, and the effect of immobilization stress was described, along with the method for preparative, enantiomeric resolution and purification of d,l-pipecolic acid using high performance liquid chromatography equ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(88)90057-5
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:25INBOMe ("25-I", "N-Bomb"), one of new psychoactive substances (NPSs), is being abused for recreational purpose. However, the liability for abuse or dependence has not been systematically studied yet. The objective of the present study was to evaluate rewarding and reinforcing effects of 25INBOMe using conditioned pl...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2019.02.007
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurotoxic beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide fragment Abeta(25-35) has been suggested to exert its deleterious effects on cells via production of hydrogen peroxide. In human platelets and in the presence of DMSO to prevent production of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide, both Abeta(25-35) and hydrogen peroxide w...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(98)00013-8
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies have indicated a functional differentiation across the septotemporal axis of rat hippocampus. Our previous results have shown that the alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2-GABAA receptor subtype dominates in dorsal hippocampus (DH), while the alpha 2 beta 1 gamma 2-subtype prevails in ventral hippocampus (VH). We th...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2007.10.016
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although microvascular cell death is a well established hallmark of diabetic retinopathy, which is a major cause of vision loss, much remains to be learned about the functional changes that precede the onset of morphological damage to retinal blood vessels. Early alterations of function are of interest since they may ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2012.02.002
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of a cerebral anti-ischemic drug ifenprodil on the receptor ionophore complex of an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-sensitive subclass of central excitatory amino acid receptors were examined using [3H](+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10- imine (MK-801) binding in rat brain synaptic memb...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(92)90076-4
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The inflammatory central nervous system response that involves activated microglia and reactive astrocytes may both heal and harm neurons, as inflammatory mediators lead to neuroprotection or excitation at one dose but to injury at a different concentration. To investigate these complex cellular interactions, L-trans-...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2006.06.008
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibodies to electrolectin, a lectin endogenous to embryonic skeletal muscle, have been used to study the distribution of lectin during myogenesis in L(6) cells by using immunohistofluorescence microscopy. Evidence for both surface and cytoplasmic forms of lectin is presented. Cytoplasmic lectin does not appear to be...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(80)90041-8
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Potassium bisperoxo(1,10-phenantroline)oxovanadate (V) [bpV(phen)] is a potent protein tyrocine phosphatase inhibitor which mediates a variety of biological effects. The aim of these studies was to examine the role(s) of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in PC12 cell proliferation and toxicity by bpV(ph...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(99)00018-2
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epilepsy is a neurological disease recognized as the consequence of excessive neuronal excitability. Endocannabinoid system, the critical regulator of synaptic inhibition in brain, was supposed to be closely involved in epilepsy. Cannabinoid receptors mostly locate on presynaptic terminals of both excitatory and inhib...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104898
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that affects over one million people in the United States. Previous studies, carried out in young adult rats, have shown that calcitriol, the active metabolite of vitamin D, can be neuroprotective in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) models...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2017.04.001
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the contribution of the dopamine (DA) synthesis to both the calcium-dependent and the carrier-mediated, mechanisms of DA release in the striatum, anaesthetized rats were locally superfused in the striatum with a push pull cannula supplied with an artificial CSF containing tritiated tyrosine. DA, dihydro...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(99)00094-7
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ventral pallidum (VP) is a critical component of the basal ganglia neurocircuitry regulating learning and decision making; however, its precise role in controlling associative learning of environmental stimuli conditioned to appetitive or aversive outcomes is still unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2019.02.011
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glycine can be substrate for two transporters: GlyT1, largely expressed by astrocytes but also by some non-glycinergic neurons, and GlyT2, most frequently present in glycine-storing nerve endings. In morphological studies, GlyT2 expression had been found to be restricted to caudal regions, being almost undetectable in...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2016.07.001
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased brain ammonia concentrations are a hallmark feature of several neurological disorders including congenital urea cycle disorders, Reye's syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) associated with liver failure. Over the last decade, increasing evidence suggests that hyperammonemia leads to alterations in the gl...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(03)00043-3
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of synthetic antisense oligonucleotides as specific inhibitors of gene expression exploits the susceptibility of mRNA to functional blockade at several levels, including mRNA processing, transport, translation and degradation. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the actions of these synthetic oligomers a...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(96)00108-8
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs represent an abundant class of endogenously expressed 18-25 nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules that function to silence gene expression through a process of post-transcriptional modification. They exhibit varied and widespread functions during normal development and tissue homeostasis, and accordingly their...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2014.06.002
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has arisen considerable interest in the study of dopamine D(2/3) agonist binding sites by positron emission tomography (PET), based on the claim that agonist sites represent a functional subset of the total number of sites labeled by more conventional antagonist ligands. To test the basis of this claim, we used ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2010.01.010
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alpha-synuclein (ASN), a 140-amino acid protein, is richly expressed in presynaptic terminals in the central nervous system, where it plays a role in synaptic vesicle function. However, if it is altered and accumulated it is involved in neurodegeneration as Parkinson's disease (PD). ASN contained 35-amino acid domain ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2006.01.025
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondria play a pivotal role in the regulation of energy metabolism and apoptotic pathways. Properties and functions of mitochondria might render subsets of selectively vulnerable neurons intrinsically susceptible to a different extent to cellular stress and degeneration. We have investigated the effect of 3-nitro...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2010.06.008
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
