Abstract:
:Increased brain ammonia concentrations are a hallmark feature of several neurological disorders including congenital urea cycle disorders, Reye's syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) associated with liver failure. Over the last decade, increasing evidence suggests that hyperammonemia leads to alterations in the glutamatergic neurotransmitter system. Studies utilizing in vivo and in vitro models of hyperammonemia reveal significant changes in brain glutamate levels, glutamate uptake and glutamate receptor function. Extracellular brain glutamate levels are consistently increased in rat models of acute liver failure. Furthermore, glutamate transport studies in both cultured neurons and astrocytes demonstrate a significant suppression in the high affinity uptake of glutamate following exposure to ammonia. Reductions in NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptor sites in animal models of acute liver failure suggest a compensatory decrease in receptor levels in the wake of rising extracellular levels of glutamate. Ammonia exposure also has significant effects on metabotropic glutamate receptor activation with implications, although less clear, that may relate to the brain edema and seizures associated with clinical hyperammonemic pathologies. Therapeutic measures aimed at these targets could result in effective measures for the prevention of CNS consequences in hyperammonemic syndromes.
journal_name
Neurochem Intjournal_title
Neurochemistry internationalauthors
Chan H,Butterworth RFdoi
10.1016/s0197-0186(03)00043-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-09-01 00:00:00pages
525-32issue
4-5eissn
0197-0186issn
1872-9754pii
S0197018603000433journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 undergoes morphological differentiation into neurone-like cells when exposed to nerve growth factor (NGF). We found that in PC12 cells the enzymatic activity of choline-acetyltransferase and of tyrosine hydroxylase changed very little during NGF exposure, while tyrosine hydroxyl...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(90)90142-g
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholesterol, a molecule critical for cellular function, is found in particular high concentration in the brain and has been implicated to synaptic plasticity and neuronal regeneration. This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism by which cholesterol shortage modulates glutamate (Glu)-induced excitotoxicity ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(03)00003-2
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It was previously reported that the K+-evoked release of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SRIF-LI) and of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) from superfused rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes can be enhanced by NMDA or D-serine alone. We here studied the effects of extraterminal pH changes on SRIF-LI and ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2004.03.005
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of a chronic treatment with the dopamine uptake blocker nomifensine on the in vivo extracellular concentrations of dopamine, acetylcholine, glutamate and GABA in the prefrontal cortex, striatum and nucleus accumbens. Male Wistar rats received intraperitoneal (i.p....
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2007.08.005
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past few years, several studies have demonstrated in the rat subcommissural organ the presence of nerve endings and modified ependymocytes showing an uptake of [(3)H]GABA. The present work was performed to demonstrate in this cerebral zone the possibility of a GABA synthesis by the immunohistochemical localizat...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(83)90105-5
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::AMPA receptors are fast ligand-gated members of glutamate receptors in neuronal and many types of non-neuronal cells. The heterotetramer complexes are assembled from four subunits (GluR1-4) in region-, development- and function-selective patterns. Each subunit contains three extracellular domains (a large amino termin...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2007.07.002
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and the activity of glutamate decarboxylase were measured in homogenates of rat brain cortical tissue, at different times after chronic intracortical infusion of GABA in vivo during 2, 6 or 24 h. Cortical electrical activity was also recorded. As previously described, about 1 h af...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(94)90114-7
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unveiling the roles of distinct cell types in brain response to insults is a partially unsolved challenge and a key issue for new neuroreparative approaches. In vivo models are not able to dissect the contribution of residential microglia and infiltrating blood-borne monocytes/macrophages, which are fundamentally undi...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2014.01.008
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Striatal quinolinic acid lesions have been used as a model for the pathology seen in Huntington's disease. Seven days following a unilateral injection of 100 nmol of quinolinic acid into the rat caudate-putamen (striatum), a large increase in the binding of [3H]WIN 35,428 to the lesioned caudate-putamen was seen when ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(92)90091-5
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anticonvulsant vigabatrin (VGB; SabrilR) irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase to increase neural GABA, yet its mechanism of retinal toxicity remains unclear. VGB is suggested to alter several amino acids, including homocarnosine, β-alanine, ornithine, glycine, taurine, and 2-aminoadipic acid (AADA), the latter ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2019.02.015
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of the N-methylisoquinolinium ion (NMIQ(+)) on the activity of enzymes related to metabolism of dopamine was studied using a rat clonal pheochromocytoma PC12h cell line. The activities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) were inhibited by NMIQ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(89)90138-1
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The active fraction, isolated and partially purified from the crude venom of the marine snail Conus distans, with a molecular mass of about 25 kDa, inhibits neurotransmitter release in rat hippocampus. This toxin (distans Toxin) inhibits the electrically evoked tritium labelled noradrenaline release from rat hippocamp...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(92)90127-d
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a major pathological protein of ubiquitinated inclusions in motor neurons of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). TDP-43 is ubiquitously expressed and the majority of TDP-43 is normally localized to the nucleus. In motor neurons of patients with ALS, TDP-43 is not locali...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.009
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have indicated a functional differentiation across the septotemporal axis of rat hippocampus. Our previous results have shown that the alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2-GABAA receptor subtype dominates in dorsal hippocampus (DH), while the alpha 2 beta 1 gamma 2-subtype prevails in ventral hippocampus (VH). We th...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2007.10.016
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenylglycines 3-hydroxyphenylglycine, 4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-phenylglycine (4C3HPG), 4-carboxyphenylglycine (4CPG) and alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) were evaluated as putative selective antagonists of metabotropic glutamate receptors on single neurones of the ventrobasal thalamus of rats, with a view to...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(94)90093-0
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In chicks submitted to light stimulation, the synthesis of gangliosides of the retina ganglion cell increases with respect to chicks maintained in the dark. In an attempt to elucidate if the activation of glycosyltransferases participates in the establishment of these light-dark differences detected in vivo, we examin...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(96)00128-3
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The GLS1 gene encodes a mitochondrial glutaminase that is highly expressed in brain, kidney, small intestine and many transformed cells. Recent studies have identified multiple lysine residues in glutaminase that are sites of N-acetylation. Interestingly, these sites are located within either a loop segment that regul...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2014.12.003
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The turnover of phospholipids was compared in peripheral nerves of Trembler dysmelinating mutant and control mice, after intraperitoneal and local injection of labeled ethanolamine. In the mutant sciatic nerve, neurochemical analysis showed that [(14)C]ethanolamine is incorporated into EGP (ethanolamine glycerophospho...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(90)90045-u
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Na+-dependent uptake of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in astrocytes increases cell energy demands primarily due to the elevated ATP consumption by glutamine synthetase and Na+, K+-ATPase. The major pool of GLAST/EAAT1, the only glutamate transporter subtype expressed by human fetal astrocytes in undifferentiat...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2006.12.015
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lycopene is a potent free radicals scavenger with demonstrated protective efficacy in several experimental models of oxidative damage. Trimethyltin (TMT) is an organotin compound with neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus and other limbic structures and is used to model neurodegenerative diseases targeting these brain...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2011.10.005
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two polypeptides (designated DTX-A and DTX-B) were purified from crude snake venom of Dendroaspis angusticeps using gel filtration, cation exchange column chromatography and cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography, and their blocking actions of K+ channels were investigated in rat brain synaptosomes. Bo...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(92)90034-o
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has arisen considerable interest in the study of dopamine D(2/3) agonist binding sites by positron emission tomography (PET), based on the claim that agonist sites represent a functional subset of the total number of sites labeled by more conventional antagonist ligands. To test the basis of this claim, we used ...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2010.01.010
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guanidinosuccinate (GSA) and methylguanidine (MG) are endogenous, convulsant guanidino compounds which have been shown to be greatly increased in uremic patients. In the present study, we have investigated the age-related differences in convulsive action and cerebral uptake of these compounds in juvenile mice of 7, 14...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(94)90078-7
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclothiazide has been shown to block desensitization of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-preferring receptors and to enhance quisqualate-, AMPA- and kainate-induced neurotoxicity. The pharmacology behind this cyclothiazide-enhanced kainate-induced excitotoxicity was characterized in em...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(97)00098-3
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) is a novel C-C chemokine, and plays important roles in immune response and brain development. In previous study, we have found that the expression of CKLF1 increased after focal cerebral ischemia and inhibition of CKLF1 using antagonist C19 peptide protected against cerebral ischemia. H...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2014.07.004
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of 1-methyl-isoquinoline (MIQ+) on the respiratory inhibition and the uptake of MIQ+ were measured using mouse liver mitochondria. MIQ+ inhibited the electron transport of complex I but did not inhibit the respiration of mitochondria with succinate as a substrate. MIQ+ was taken up by mitochondria in an ene...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0197-0186(95)00083-6
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) gene was fused with a gene fragment encoding the nine amino acid (RKKRRQRRR) protein transduction domain of human immunodeficiency virus TAT protein in bacterial expression vector to produce genetic in-frame TAT-GDH fusion protein. The TAT-GDH protein can enter PC12 cells efficientl...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(01)00138-3
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have suggested that neurosteroids such as pregnenolone, progesterone (PG) and their derivatives, have a role in activating autophagy in addition to diverse other functions. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that cellular free Zn(2+) is involved in oxidative stress-induced autophagy and autophagic...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2011.11.015
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of tissue structure and three-dimensional microenvironment is crucial for regeneration of axons in the peripheral nerve repair. In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nerve regeneration by using an acellular nerve allograft (ANA) injected with allogenic skin-derived precursor differentiated Sch...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2016.04.003
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a well-established experimental model used to investigate the synaptic basis of learning and memory. LTP at mossy fibre - CA3 synapses in the hippocampus is unusual because it is normally N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-independent. Instead it seems that the trigger for mossy fibre...
journal_title:Neurochemistry international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2012.04.021
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00