Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The evidence of hairs grouped into well-defined follicular units has given a new vision of hair anatomy and pathology. The sebaceous glands and the arrector pili muscle, as part of the pilosebaceous unit, should be viewed as important parts of this organized follicular unit structure. OBJECTIVE:This study was performed to define the morphology and the relationships between the sebaceous glands, muscles, and follicles within the context of the follicular unit structure. METHODS:This study analyzes horizontal, microscopic serial sections of large areas of normal human scalp skin stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and desmin. The course of the arrector pili muscles from their superficial origins to their follicular attachments was followed in each section, which enabled us to match each muscle with its corresponding follicular unit. RESULTS:Serial, horizontal sections show that, at the upper isthmus, the arrector pili muscle is arranged as a muscular unit structure at the periphery of each follicular unit. Then, at a lower level, the muscle divides and encircles the sebaceous gland, and penetrates between the sebaceous lobules towards the follicular attachment zone. CONCLUSION:Microphotographic evaluation of large areas of scalp is important for assessing the anatomical relationships between the sebaceous glands, arrector pili muscles, and hair follicles as components of the follicular unit. We introduce the anatomical concept of a follicular unit served by a muscular unit, which can be identified in horizontal sections made at the upper level of the isthmus. This muscular unit results from the merging of the arrector pili muscles that originate from the hair follicles contained in that particular follicular unit. This anatomical disposition suggests that the arrector pili muscles could play an important role in the integrity of the follicular unit as well as in the secretion of the sebum contents.
journal_name
J Am Acad Dermatoljournal_title
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatologyauthors
Poblet E,Jiménez F,Ortega Fdoi
10.1016/j.jaad.2004.01.054subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-08-01 00:00:00pages
217-22issue
2eissn
0190-9622issn
1097-6787pii
S0190962204005560journal_volume
51pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The association of nonparaneoplastic pemphigus with comorbid hematologic malignancies has yet to be established. OBJECTIVE:To estimate the association between pemphigus and the common types of hematologic malignancies. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted comparing pemphigus patients with age-, se...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.11.039
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixty-eight cutaneous squamous cell neoplasms (in situ and invasive) and 26 basal cell carcinomas from 89 patients were analyzed for DNA sequences homologous to the human papillomavirus (HPV) types found predominantly in the genital tract. Thirty-six (53%) of the squamous cell neoplasms contained HPV DNA as detected b...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0190-9622(90)70299-w
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responses to aggressive gluten challenge of two dermatitis herpetiformis patients with normal gut mucosa and negative serum findings for IgA endomysial antibodies while on normal diets indicate that these patients have a latent gluten-sensitive enteropathy. This was shown further by the control of skin lesions in ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(88)70089-4
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abstract:BACKGROUND:The increasing use of biologics is accompanied by a risk of hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) reactivation. OBJECTIVE:To determine the predictors of HBV and HCV reactivation in psoriasis patients receiving biologics. METHODS:This study screened 2060 psoriasis patients (3562 treatment episodes) who were t...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
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abstract::In two double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter trials, 0.05% halobetasol propionate cream was compared with 0.05% clobetasol 17-propionate cream and 0.05% betamethasone dipropionate cream in 264 patients with acute, severe exacerbations of atopic dermatitis. The efficacy of halobetasol propionate cream and betametha...
journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
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journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
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journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
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journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
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journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
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更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00