Abstract：
:The Bureau of National Health Insurance (BNHI) of Taiwan issued a new reimbursement regulation effective from 1 February 2001 forbidding the use of antimicrobials in ambulatory patients with upper respiratory infections (URI) without evidence of bacterial infection. We evaluated the effect of this regulation by analysing changes in the types of infections diagnosed and the amount of antibiotics prescribed in 1999, 2000 and 2001. Between 1999 and 2001, antimicrobials for respiratory infections decreased from 18.0 to 9.97 DDD/1000 per day or by 44.6% (P=0.0000+). Antimicrobials for URI decreased from 8.32 in 1999 to 3.28 DDD/1000 per day in 2001 or by 60.6% (P=0.0000+); from 2000 to 2001 the decrease was 55.8%. Reduction of antimicrobials for URI from 1999 to 2001 accounted for 62.8% of the reduction of antimicrobials in respiratory infections or 51.3% of the total reduction of antimicrobials. Reduction in aminopenicillins was responsible for most of the decrease.
journal_name
Int J Antimicrob Agentsjournal_title
International journal of antimicrobial agentsauthors
Ho M,Hsiung CA,Yu HT,Chi CL,Chang HJdoi
10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2003.10.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-05-01 00:00:00pages
438-45issue
5eissn
0924-8579issn
1872-7913pii
S0924857904000755journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Four hundred methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MRSA) from different geographical areas in Malaysia were tested for mupirocin susceptibility using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. The majority of these strains (98.75%) were susceptible to mupirocin with MICs of < or = 4 mg/l. Fif...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00314-4
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epidemiology of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) has changed significantly in European healthcare settings, with a decrease in frequency of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and an increase in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Little is known about the effects of these ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.07.010
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to investigate whether fluid shifts alter ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients over time. Patients > or = 18 years, with normal renal function, requiring intensive care treatment and parenteral antibiotics were enrolled. Group A (22 patients) included patients with documented intr...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.04.005
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main objectives in childhood urinary tract infections are rapid recovery from complaints, prevention of urosepsis and infection-related complications as well as the prevention of renal parenchymal damage. Calculated antibiotic therapy should take the local resistance rates of uropathogens into consideration. The c...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.006
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 2008, the Scottish Management of Antimicrobial Resistance Action Plan (ScotMARAP) was published by the Scottish Government. One of the key actions was initiation of the Scottish Antimicrobial Prescribing Group (SAPG), hosted within the Scottish Medicines Consortium, to take forward national implementation of the ke...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.02.005
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rollout of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited countries has been identified as a global public health priority. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment in the industrialised world is routinely accompanied by regular virological monitoring. By contrast, the implementation of ART in resource-limited s...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.01.003
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In addition to the absolute case number, a rapid increase in the number of COVID-19 cases within a short time results in insufficiency of healthcare systems and further negatively affects patient outcomes. This study was conducted to investigate the association between the outcomes of COVID-19 patients and daily cumul...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106001
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Linezolid is an important oxazolidinone antimicrobial for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive cocci, especially vancomycin-resistant enterococci and oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA). Since its introduction, however, ribosomal mutations have been detected that produce resistance; thus, l...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.02.019
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Europe, a novel mecA homologue - mecC (formerly mecALGA251) - has emerged recently in staphylococci from animals, humans and the environment. This paper reports the first occurrence of the mecC gene in Staphylococcus sciuri from cows and manure in Tunisia and Africa. Forty-nine coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.007
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, the potency of DX-619, a novel des-fluoro(6)-quinolone agent, was compared with that of vancomycin (VCM) in a murine model of haematogenous bronchopneumonia infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA). The minimum inhibitory concent...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.03.026
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many drugs used to treat non-infectious diseases have also shown excellent antibacterial activity or the ability to enhance the action of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of a popular β-blocker, carvedilol, and its mechanism of antibacterial action. The antibacterial act...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.12.014
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interest in home care for patients with serious infections is increasing. Home care technology needs reliable equipment that can be operated by the patient without constant supervision. To achieve long-term home treatment requires the establishment of protocols, education programmes, patient support and easy hospital ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0924-8579(94)00059-4
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Since the early 2000s, Escherichia coli resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) has been increasing in all European countries, mainly due to the spread of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Here we present a retrospective study that combines resistance of E. coli to 3GCs and quinolones with...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105909
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies have elucidated the risk factors associated with peri-operative infection following head and neck cancer surgery (HNS), the implications of infection for total treatment cost, and the clinical benefits of successful antimicrobial prophylaxis. The most appropriate antibiotic use is achieved by focusing on ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(99)00088-6
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial resistance is a major health problem worldwide, but marked variations in the resistance profiles of bacterial pathogens are found between countries and in different patient settings, especially in Asia. In Taiwan, the strikingly high prevalence of resistance to macrolides and streptogramins in clinical i...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0924-8579(08)70023-2
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Mixed hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) infections are clinically important as different genotypes have varied sensitivities to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). A high prevalence of mixed GT infections was observed in individuals who inject drugs and had multiple HCV exposures. The prevalence of mixed ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.06.001
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tigecycline resistance is emerging among Klebsiella pneumoniae, but knowledge regarding in vivo development of tigecycline resistance is limited. Here we report a new mechanism of tigecycline resistance in K. pneumoniae that evolved during tigecycline therapy. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were consecutively obtained...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.04.024
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was conducted to assess the clinical outcomes of bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. A total of 53 patients were included in the study. Forty-five patients (84.9%) received appropriate antibiotic therapy. Initial empirical treatment was appropriate i...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.06.012
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The occurrence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) in food is relevant to public health as foodborne VREfm may colonize the gut of consumers and transfer vancomycin resistance genes to the indigenous gut microbiota. Therefore, we determined occurrence and elucidated genetic traits of VREfm in Danish r...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.03.019
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of salicylate leads to reduced ciprofloxacin and ethidium accumulation and increased resistance to ethidium. Salicylate induced reduction in ciprofloxacin accumulation is energy-independent while salicylate induced alterations in ethidium accumulation and efflux is proto...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00162-0
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ceftriaxone was introduced into clinical practice in the USA in 1985 and was the first extended-spectrum (third-generation) cephalosporin approved for once-daily treatment of patients with Gram-positive or Gram-negative infections. Review of ceftriaxone activity is important given its continued use since the mid-1980s...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00010-9
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the abuse of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin (MLS), the traditionally safe bifidobacterial strains in the human intestine could serve as a reservoir of MLS resistance genes. In this study, the erm(X) gene was detected in 29 MLS-resistant strains and one MLS-susceptible strain among 92 bifidobacterial st...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.04.007
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vitro activities of fourteen antimicrobial agents were tested against 292 clinical isolates of obligately anaerobic bacteria using the broth microdilution technique. Taking all strains as a group the MIC(50/90) (mg/l) values were metronidazole and imipenem 0.25/1, meropenem 0.25/0.5, trovafloxacin 0.25/1, gatif...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00186-2
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compare the in vitro activity of linezolid with 12 other antimicrobials against 190 strains of the coryneform bacteria, including 60 strains of C. amycolatum, 30 of C. striatum, 30 of C. jeikeium, 10 of C. urealyticum, 20 of B. casei, 20 of D. hominis and 20 of T. otitidis. METHODS:Minimum inhibitory con...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.11.032
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rifaximin, a non-absorbable rifamycin derivative, has published clinical efficacy in the alleviation of symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is associated with the pathogenesis of IBS. This study describes for the first time the antimicrobial effect of ...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.12.008
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to characterise UTIs caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospitalised adults and to identify risk factors for infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. A retrospective case-case-control study was conducted in two Italian teaching hospitals. Totally, 242 monomicrobial P. aeruginosa UTIs w...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105900
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial susceptibility testing plays a key role in clinical microbiology. The disk diffusion test dates back to the 1940s and became standardised from the 1950s, with the International Collaborative Study (ICS) and National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) as the two major standards. Interlabo...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.04.006
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aspergillus spp. are responsible for an increasing number of fungal infections in immunocompromised and transplant patients. Local anaesthetics (LAs) are growth inhibitors of bacteria and yeasts. Subinhibitory concentrations of the LAs lidocaine and bupivacaine blocked the germination of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergi...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.11.011
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the protozoan Leishmania sp., affects 500000 people annually, with the Indian subcontinent contributing a significant proportion of these cases. Emerging refractoriness to conventional antimony therapy has emphasised the need for safer yet effective antileishmanial drugs. Artemis...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.03.008
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrolides have been reported to modify the host immune and inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro. We examined the in vitro effect of the macrolides tilmicosin and tylosin, which are only used in the veterinary clinic, on the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and cytokines by lipo...
journal_title：International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.12.010
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
