Abstract：
:The mode of replication and organisation of bacterial genomes impose asymmetry on their nucleotide composition. The asymmetry is seen in coding and non-coding sequences and is reflected in the amino acid composition of proteins. The mechanisms generating asymmetry include: unequal mutation rates connected with replication and transcription, selection forces positioning genes and signal sequences nonrandomly in the genome, and protein coding constraints on coding sequences. There are different methods of visualising and measuring the asymmetry. Some of them can assess the contribution of individual mechanisms to the observed asymmetry and those have been described in greater detail. Asymmetric mutational and selection pressures differentiate the rates of evolution of genes on leading and lagging strands. The genes relocated to the opposite strand have to adapt to a different mutational pressure or are eliminated. Translocations from leading to lagging strands are more often selected against than from lagging to leading strands. Comparison of intergenic sequences that have lost the coding function to the original genes enables finding the frequencies of the twelve substitution rates in sequences free from selection. In the absence of selection, the half-time of substitution of a given type of nucleotide is linearly correlated with the fraction of that nucleotide in the sequence.
journal_name
J Appl Genetjournal_title
Journal of applied geneticsauthors
Kowalczuk M,Mackiewicz P,Mackiewicz D,Nowicka A,Dudkiewicz M,Dudek MR,Cebrat Ssubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-01-01 00:00:00pages
553-77issue
4eissn
1234-1983issn
2190-3883pii
74journal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) hybridize and their offspring is viable and fertile. This may be a real treat for the native European stocks of Arctic char which gene pools might be unintendedly contaminated with the genetic elements of brook trout. On the other hand, hybrids o...
journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
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doi：10.1007/s13353-017-0401-x
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13353-020-00594-0
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
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更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13353-011-0077-6
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03195642
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hereditary hearing loss (HHL) is a neurosensory disorder that affects every 1/500 newborns worldwide and nearly 1/3 people over the age of 65. Congenital deafness is inherited as monogenetic or polygenic disorder. The delicacy, tissue heterogeneity, deep location of the inner ear down the brainstem, and minute quantit...
journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s13353-019-00535-6
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
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doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
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doi：10.1007/s13353-015-0296-3
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13353-011-0050-4
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13353-012-0111-3
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of applied genetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13353-017-0411-8
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
