Short latency excitation of upper cervical respiratory neurons by vagal stimulation in the rat.

abstract：:An intracerebral microdialysis technique was applied to study the effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist on dopamine release in the striatum of methamphetamine (MAP)-sensitized rats. Rats were treated with MAP (1 mg/kg, i.p.) once daily for 6 consecutive days, followed by a 6-day withdrawal. Perfusi...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Arai I,Shimazoe T,Shibata S,Inoue H,Yoshimatsu A,Watanabe S

更新日期：1996-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Isolated brain capillary endothelial cells contain high activity levels of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) marker enzymes gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In primary culture the activities of these specific enzymes decrease with increasing cell proliferation to a constant low value...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Meyer J,Mischeck U,Veyhl M,Henzel K,Galla HJ

更新日期：1990-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemical staining occurred in neurons of the dentate gyrus at the day of birth and steadily increased in intensity and distribution during the first 3 postnatal weeks until the adult pattern was reached. Granule cells failed to display AChE staining; however, the somata of most non-pri...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Seress L,Robertson RT,Ribak CE

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A sudden onset and short latency of cardiovascular responses that may follow a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the vicinity of the circle of Willis implicate neural mechanisms. To investigate this, multi unit activity (MUA) was recorded from the posterolateral hypothalamus and electrocardiogram was recorded from lead...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Lacy PS,Earle AM

更新日期：1986-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Opioid modulation of ingestion includes general opioid antagonism of deprivation-induced water intake and intake of sucrose and saccharin solutions. Previous studies using selective subtype antagonists indicated that opioid effects upon deprivation-induced water intake occurred through the mu2 receptor and that opioid...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Beczkowska IW,Koch JE,Bostock ME,Leibowitz SF,Bodnar RJ

更新日期：1993-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes provide structural, trophic and metabolic support to neurons and modulate synaptic activity. Under physiological conditions, neuronal-derived nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the modulation of a variety of central nervous system (CNS) functions. NO, although short lived, can travel sufficient di...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Nanetti L,Vignini A,Moroni C,Pessina GP,Mazzanti L

更新日期：2004-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Ultrastructural localization of a calcium-binding protein, calretinin, in the cerebellar cortex of the rat was examined with an immunoperoxidase method. The cerebellar lobule V was investigated in detail. In the molecular layer, calretinin immunoreactivity was found in parallel fibers and in their varicosities that fo...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Arai R,Jacobowitz DM,Deura S

更新日期：1993-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic architecture and distribution of dendritic protrusions were studied on Golgi-impregnated neurons in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of infant rats (7 and 20 days old), of animals at puberty (34 days old) and of postpubertal rats (90 days old) using computerized image analysis. The protrusions showed a peak d...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Geröcs K,Réthelyi M,Halász B

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of the fluorescence retrograde double-labeling method has revealed that striatal neurons projecting to the globus pallidus in the squirrel monkey are mainly confined to the putamen whereas those projecting to the substantia nigra occur mostly in the caudate nucleus. Only about 10% of the striatal neurons were ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Parent A,Bouchard C,Smith Y

更新日期：1984-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have demonstrated that food restriction during lactation extends the length of lactational infertility in rats. In order to determine whether Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a role in the increased length of lactational infertility seen in food-restricted rats, NPY immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus o...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Abizaid A,Walker CD,Woodside B

更新日期：1997-07-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of a sensorimotor task on ipsilateral primary motor cortex (ipsi-M1) excitability mediated via the transcallosal pathway, including the changes in short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF), were examined in ten right-handed subjects. Transcranial magnetic stimulati...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Morishita T,Ninomiya M,Uehara K,Funase K

更新日期：2011-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphological and physiological effects of kainic acid (KA) lesions in rat ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGV) were studied 1.5 and 6 h after KA injection. Morphological changes were examined mainly by electron micrographs. At 1.5 h after KA injection dendrites were dilated and some vacuolations occurred in both ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Nagata T,Tsukamoto Y,Matsuno K,Hayashi Y

更新日期：1989-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:In a previous study, male rats showed behavioural deficits after a single restraint stress but not after 5 daily restraint periods (i.e. adaptation had developed): female rats although less affected by single restraint failed to adapt over the same time course. This sex difference was associated with the male but not ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Haleem DJ,Kennett G,Curzon G

更新日期：1988-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of partial metabolic inhibition (induced by 2 h exposure to low concentrations of cyanide (NaCN)) on the glutamate receptor agonist alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-induced excitotoxicity and elevation of free cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) were studied in glucose-deprived pri...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Cebers G,Cebere A,Liljequist S

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the possible mechanisms by which neurons in the caudate-putamen (CPu) and globus pallidus (GP) participate in pain and nociception, the present study characterized the response properties of CPu and GP neurons to non-noxious and noxious thermal stimuli in anesthetized rats. Nociceptive CPu and GP neuron...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Chudler EH

更新日期：1998-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by upper and lower motor neuron death with ascending paralysis leading to death. In a transgenic mouse model of ALS (SOD1-G93A) weakness appears at 3 months of age, and because of progressive paralysis leads to death by 5 months. Cyclospo...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Keep M,Elmér E,Fong KS,Csiszar K

更新日期：2001-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunohistochemical and retrograde tracing techniques were combined to demonstrate the occurrence of displaced ganglion cells (DGCs) exhibiting substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) in the pigeon retina. Following injections of rhodamine-labeled latex microspheres into the nucleus of the basal optic root (accessor...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Britto LR,Hamassaki DE

更新日期：1991-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Histopathological analyses of brains of rats receiving a single 0.9 LD50 injection of soman, a potent anticholinesterase neurotoxin, revealed massive widespread lesions in the cerebral cortex and thalamus 4 weeks post-injection. Such lesions were not evidenced in rats receiving diazepam (2.2 mg/kg, i.m.) 10 min prior ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Martin LJ,Doebler JA,Shih TM,Anthony A

更新日期：1985-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The localization of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity was investigated in the brain, olfactory system and retina of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, during development and in juvenile specimens, by using the indirect immunofluorescence and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase methods. In 24 h post fertiliz...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Mathieu M,Tagliafierro G,Angelini C,Vallarino M

更新日期：2001-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) is a glucose analogue that inhibits intracellular utilization of glucose and produces a characteristic behavioral response known as glucoprivic feeding. The area postrema (AP) is a caudal hindbrain structure shown previously to be involved in 2DG-induced glucoprivic feeding. In addition, periph...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Edmonds BK,Edwards GL

更新日期：1998-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro evidence indicates that norepinephrine release in the mammalian hippocampus is modulated by glutamate receptors. With the use of microdialysis, we have now evaluated the role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the regulation of hippocampal norepinephrine output in vivo. Stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Dazzi L,Matzeu A,Biggio G

更新日期：2011-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The ontogenesis of chromogranins A and B and catecholamines was investigated for rat adrenal medulla. The chromogranins, the major secretory peptides of chromaffin granules, were characterized by one- and two-dimensional immunoblotting. Chromogranin B appeared identical in fetal and postnatal adrenals. On the other ha...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Schober M,Fischer-Colbrie R,Winkler H

更新日期：1989-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a critical structure involved in coordinating autonomic and visceral activities. Previous independent studies have demonstrated efferent projections from the NTS to the nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA) in rat brain. To further ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Reyes BA,Van Bockstaele EJ

更新日期：2006-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of mental fatigue and motivation on neural network dynamics activated during task switching. Mental fatigue was induced by 2 h of continuous performance; after which subjects were motivated by using social comparison and monetary reward as motivating factors t...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Lorist MM,Bezdan E,ten Caat M,Span MM,Roerdink JB,Maurits NM

更新日期：2009-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of 17 beta-estradiol benzoate (EB), ethynodioldiacetate and ovine prolactin on dopamine (DA) turnover have been studied. As an index for a change in turnover, differences in DA depletion following tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition with alpha-methyl-tyrosine methylester were observed. DA was measured by means...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Wiesel FA,Fuxe K,Hökfelt T,Agnati LF

更新日期：1978-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrogliogenesis in the human fetal cerebellum was examined in 46 cerebella obtained from hysterotomy specimens ranging between 9 and 20 weeks of ovulation age. By correlating the results obtained by rapid Golgi and Golgi-Cox methods, the indirect immunofluorescence technique for glial fibrillary acidic protein, and e...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Choi BH,Lapham LW

更新日期：1980-05-26 00:00:00

abstract：:During the early postnatal development of the rat large numbers of pyramidal tract neurons are present in layer V of the occipital cortex, but by the end of the third postnatal week the distribution of pyramidal tract neurons becomes restricted to the more rostral cortical areas. This restriction is brought about by s...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： O'Leary DD,Stanfield BB

更新日期：1985-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The feeding responses induced by systemic administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and paraventricular hypothalamic injection of norepinephrine were assessed in Brattleboro rats deficient in vasopressin (VP). Controlling for the non-specific complications of diabetes insipidus, it was found that Brattleboro rats hav...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Aravich PF,Sladek CD

更新日期：1986-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Amphetamine-induced locomotion and stereotypy were concurrently evaluated in order to determine if pretreatment with para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) (which is reported to facilitate some of the effects of amphetamine) results in a behavioral pattern similar to the augmentation previously reported to occur with repeate...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Segal DS

更新日期：1976-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of indomethacin (10 mg/kg) on the release of the transmitter amino acids, glutamate, aspartate, GABA, and of the purines, adenosine and inosine, from the cerebral cortex was studied in a four-vessel occlusion rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. In comparison with the control group, indomethacin sig...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Phillis JW,Smith-Barbour M,Perkins LM,O'Regan MH

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00