N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors and alcoholism: reward, dependence, treatment, and vulnerability.

abstract：:The pulmonary endothelium plays a crucial role in lung development and function during the perinatal period. Its 2 most important functions at this time are to help reduce pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in order to permit the entire cardiac output to pass through the lungs for the first time and to facilitate the...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Wojciak-Stothard B,Haworth SG

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The organized, tightly regulated signaling relays engaged by the cannabinoid receptors (CBs) and their ligands, G proteins and other effectors, together constitute the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This system governs many biological functions including cell proliferation, regulation of ion transport and neuronal mess...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Badal S,Smith KN,Rajnarayanan R

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During physiological development and after a stressor event, vascular cells communicate with each other to evoke new vessel formation-a process known as angiogenesis. This communication occurs via direct contact and via paracrine release of proteins and nucleic acids, both in a free form or encapsulated into micro-ves...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Caporali A,Martello A,Miscianinov V,Maselli D,Vono R,Spinetti G

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three separate experimental approaches, using site-selective cAMP analogs, antisense strategy and retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer, have provided evidence that two isoforms, the RI- and RII-regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, have opposite roles in cell growth and differentiation; RI being gr...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Cho-Chung YS,Clair T

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:K(+) channels play critical roles in a wide variety of physiological processes, including the regulation of heart rate, muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitability, insulin secretion, epithelial electrolyte transport, cell volume regulation, and cell proliferation. As such, K(+) channels have b...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Wickenden A

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors are a class of lipid-lowering medications, with a major activity on plasma cholesterol levels, now enjoying a vast popularity among physicians and patients. These drugs, affecting a very early and key step of sterol biosynthesis, differ to a large extent ...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Sirtori CR

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We review the adverse effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the small and large intestine. NSAIDs cause small intestinal inflammation in 65% of patients receiving the drugs long-term. The clinical implications of NSAID-induced enteropathy are that patients bleed and lose protein from the inflamma...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Bjarnason I,Macpherson AJ

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In spite of a lack of compounds acting selectively at the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1B and 5-HT1D receptor subtypes, by cross-relating the available data, this review attempts to tentatively assign behavioural and other in vivo correlates of these receptor subtypes. In addition, a summary of data from microdialysis st...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Chopin P,Moret C,Briley M

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For many years, warfarin was the only effective oral anticoagulant to prevent and treat thromboembolism. Nevertheless, its clinical use is limited by a narrow therapeutic window, extensive drug interactions, need of strict dietary control and frequent monitoring. The pharmacological response is also unpredictable and ...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Ma TK,Yan BP,Lam YY

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family members are targeted by a growing numbers of small molecules and monoclonal antibodies. Resistance against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2-targeting agents is a clinically relevant problem forcing research on optimizing targeting of the HER f...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Kol A,Terwisscha van Scheltinga AG,Timmer-Bosscha H,Lamberts LE,Bensch F,de Vries EG,Schröder CP

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is surprising that only relatively recently has attention been directed to the characterization of the properties of acid ribonucleases (RNases), leading to some understanding of their biochemistry and their functional roles. The present review summarizes current progress in this field under the following general t...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Irie M

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients of congenital diseases such as Down syndrome (DS) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have abnormalities in their chromosomes and/or genes. Therefore, it has been considered that drug treatments can serve to do little for these patients more than to patch over each symptom temporarily when it arises. Althou...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Ogawa Y,Hagiwara M

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite difficulties in the interpretation of available data, certain general observations can be made on the epidemiology of poisioning. Childhood poisoning is usually accidental and tends to be associated with a low morbidity and mortality. In Western Europe and North America, it is most often due to household produ...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Meredith TJ

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental and clinical studies suggest that the central and peripheral benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptors together with their ligands form the molecular basis of a novel regulatory network that contributes to the effects of anxiety on immune status. The peripheral-type receptors located on phagocytes and glial cells ap...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Zavala F

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The "late sodium current" (I(NaL)) is a sustained component of the fast Na+ current of cardiac myocytes and neurons. As recently appreciated, common neurological and cardiac conditions are associated with abnormal I(NaL) enhancement, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of both electrical and contractile dysfuncti...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Zaza A,Belardinelli L,Shryock JC

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past decade, it has become evident that dopamine plays an important role in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure. Dopamine exerts its actions via a class of cell-surface receptors coupled to G-proteins that belong to the rhodopsin family. Dopamine receptors have been classified into two famil...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Jose PA,Eisner GM,Felder RA

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite some recent declines, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of death in the United States and worldwide. Most recent advances in the treatment of CVD states have been produced by inhibition of mechanisms involved in disease progress. Many studies conducted in the last decade have illustrated inc...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Wattanapitayakul SK,Bauer JA

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Considering both cancer's serious impact on public health and the side effects of cancer treatments, strategies towards targeted cancer therapy have lately gained considerable interest. Employment of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), in combination with ionizing and non-ionizing radiations, has been shown to improve the effe...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Dimitriou NM,Tsekenis G,Balanikas EC,Pavlopoulou A,Mitsiogianni M,Mantso T,Pashos G,Boudouvis AG,Lykakis IN,Tsigaridas G,Panayiotidis MI,Yannopapas V,Georgakilas AG

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabolic diseases have a tremendous impact on human morbidity and mortality. Numerous targets regulating adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) have been identified for treating the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and many compounds are being used or developed to increase AMPK activity. In parallel, the cyclic nucleotide p...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Lugnier C,Meyer A,Talha S,Geny B

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past three decades have witnessed a welcome expansion of the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, against this backdrop, there have been some notable disappointments in drug development. Here we use these as case studies to emphasize the importance of info...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Lythgoe MP,Rhodes CJ,Ghataorhe P,Attard M,Wharton J,Wilkins MR

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coronary microvessels play a pivotal role in determining the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium by regulating the coronary flow conductance and substance transport. Direct approaches analyzing the coronary microvessels have provided a large body of knowledge concerning the physiological and pharmacologic...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Komaru T,Kanatsuka H,Shirato K

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are various receptor tyrosine kinase (TK)-targeted drugs that are currently used in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among them, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) TK inhibitors (TKIs) are the most extensively studied. Receptor TKIs including EGFR TKIs have shown dramat...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Kuwano M,Sonoda K,Murakami Y,Watari K,Ono M

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein kinases recognize and bind to specific amino acid sequences on their protein substrates. These sequences can be readily identified using combinatorial peptide libraries. Unfortunately, conventional peptide libraries are not designed to identify subtle structural factors that can dramatically enhance enzyme aff...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Yeh RH,Lee TR,Lawrence DS

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The developing lung is highly susceptible to damage from exposure to environmental toxicants particularly due to the protracted maturation of the respiratory system, extending from the embryonic phase of development in utero through to adolescence. The functional organization of the lungs requires a coordinated ontoge...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Kajekar R

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activated platelets contribute to plaque formation within blood vessels in the early and late stages of atherogenesis, and therefore they have been proposed as risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Anti-platelet drugs, such as aspirin, are now the most prescribed pharmacological treatment in Europe. Certain dietary ...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Bachmair EM,Ostertag LM,Zhang X,de Roos B

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiovascular diseases cause more mortality and morbidity worldwide than any other diseases. Although many intracellular signaling pathways influence cardiac physiology and pathology, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family has garnered significant attention because of its vast implications in signaling an...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Javadov S,Jang S,Agostini B

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:gamma-Aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that, predominantly, mediate inhibitory synaptic transmission in the CNS. These receptors are pentameric complexes that are comprised of subunits from several classes (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, ), with each class consisting of several isofor...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Kumar S,Fleming RL,Morrow AL

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) as a clinical neuroimaging biomarker of brain injury and neuroinflammation has increased exponentially in the last decade. There has been a furious pace in the development of new radiotracers for TSPO positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and its use has now been exte...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Guilarte TR

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A common feature of chronic respiratory disease is the progressive decline in lung function. The decline can be indolent, or it can be accelerated by acute exacerbations, whereby the patient experiences a pronounced worsening of disease symptoms. Moreover, acute exacerbations may also be a marker of insufficient disea...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Murray LA,Grainge C,Wark PA,Knight DA

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorothioate (PS) oligodeoxynucleotides are relatively nuclease resistant, water soluble analogs of phosphodiester (PO) oligodeoxynucleotides. These molecules are chiral but still hybridize well to their RNA targets. While considered for use as in vivo anti-sense inhibitors of gene expression, their biology, espec...

journal_title：Pharmacology & therapeutics

authors： Stein CA,Tonkinson JL,Yakubov L

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00