Abstract:
:Considering both cancer's serious impact on public health and the side effects of cancer treatments, strategies towards targeted cancer therapy have lately gained considerable interest. Employment of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), in combination with ionizing and non-ionizing radiations, has been shown to improve the effect of radiation treatment significantly. GNPs, as high-Z particles, possess the ability to absorb ionizing radiation and enhance the deposited dose within the targeted tumors. Furthermore, they can convert non-ionizing radiation into heat, due to plasmon resonance, leading to hyperthermic damage to cancer cells. These observations, also supported by experimental evidence both in vitro and in vivo systems, reveal the capacity of GNPs to act as radiosensitizers for different types of radiation. In addition, they can be chemically modified to selectively target tumors, which renders them suitable for future cancer treatment therapies. Herein, a current review of the latest data on the physical properties of GNPs and their effects on GNP circulation time, biodistribution and clearance, as well as their interactions with plasma proteins and the immune system, is presented. Emphasis is also given with an in depth discussion on the underlying physical and biological mechanisms of radiosensitization. Furthermore, simulation data are provided on the use of GNPs in photothermal therapy upon non-ionizing laser irradiation treatment. Finally, the results obtained from the application of GNPs at clinical trials and pre-clinical experiments in vivo are reported.
journal_name
Pharmacol Therjournal_title
Pharmacology & therapeuticsauthors
Dimitriou NM,Tsekenis G,Balanikas EC,Pavlopoulou A,Mitsiogianni M,Mantso T,Pashos G,Boudouvis AG,Lykakis IN,Tsigaridas G,Panayiotidis MI,Yannopapas V,Georgakilas AGdoi
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-10-01 00:00:00pages
1-17eissn
0163-7258issn
1879-016Xpii
S0163-7258(17)30086-4journal_volume
178pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The cardiac ryanodine receptor-Ca2+ release channel (RyR2) is an essential sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) transmembrane protein that plays a central role in excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) in cardiomyocytes. Aberrant spontaneous, diastolic Ca2+ leak from the SR due to dysfunctional RyR2 contributes to the formation...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.006
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nuclear receptor family of transcription factor proteins mediates endocrine function and plays critical roles in the development, physiology and pharmacology. Malfunctioning nuclear receptors are associated with several disease states. The functional activity of nuclear receptors is regulated by small molecular ho...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.014
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell proliferation is an essential mechanism for growth, development and regeneration of eukaryotic organisms; however, it is also the cause of one of the most devastating diseases of our era: cancer. Given the relevance of the processes in which cell proliferation is involved, its regulation is of paramount importanc...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.01.011
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymorphisms have been detected in a variety of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes at both the phenotypic and genotypic level. In the case of four enzymes, the cytochrome P450 CYP2D6, glutathione S-transferase mu, N-acetyltransferase 2 and serum cholinesterase, the majority of mutations which give rise to a defective ph...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(93)90053-g
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The organized, tightly regulated signaling relays engaged by the cannabinoid receptors (CBs) and their ligands, G proteins and other effectors, together constitute the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This system governs many biological functions including cell proliferation, regulation of ion transport and neuronal mess...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.06.003
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::During physiological development and after a stressor event, vascular cells communicate with each other to evoke new vessel formation-a process known as angiogenesis. This communication occurs via direct contact and via paracrine release of proteins and nucleic acids, both in a free form or encapsulated into micro-ves...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.001
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The demonstration that RNA can be cleaved by cis or trans ribozymes (catalytic RNAs, RNA enzymes) has potentially important therapeutic implications. Since their discovery in the 1980s, the biochemistry and conserved sequences of ribozymes have been well characterized. Ribozymes are effective modulators of gene expres...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(95)02008-x
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Progranulin (PGRN) is abundantly expressed in epithelial cells, immune cells, neurons, and chondrocytes, and reportedly contributes to tumorigenesis. PGRN is a crucial mediator of wound healing and tissue repair. PGRN also functions as a neurotrophic factor and mutations in the PGRN gene resulting in partial loss of t...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.10.003
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lithium has been used clinically to treat bipolar disorder for over half a century, and remains a fundamental pharmacological therapy for patients with this illness. Although lithium's therapeutic mechanisms are not fully understood, substantial in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that it has neuroprotective/neurot...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.07.006
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Binge-eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent eating disorder with estimates of 2-5% of the general adult population. Nonetheless, its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Furthermore, there exist few therapeutic options for its effective treatment. Here we review the current state of binge-eating neurobiology an...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.002
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have transformed the therapeutic management of solid tumors, particularly ovarian cancer. Initially studied in BRCA deficient tumors, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indications have expanded to include other homologous recombination deficient tumors as well as bio...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107588
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which involves a combination of low-intensity ultrasound and chemotherapeutic agents called sonosensitizers, has been developed for its promising, distinct advantages, such as its noninvasive nature relative to traditional surgery and radiotherapy, greater accessibility to treat deeply locat...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.12.004
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mediating the transfer of cholesteryl esters (CE) from antiatherogenic high density lipoprotein (HDL) to proatherogenic apolipoprotein (apo)-B-containing lipoprotein particles (including very low density lipoprotein [VLDL], VLDL remnants, intermediate density lipoprotein [IDL], and low density lipoprotein [LDL]), t...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.10.001
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Venoms from stonefish (genus Synanceja) have marked effects on the cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems and on vascular permeability; the venoms also exhibit haemolytic and hyaluronidase activity. Recently, a toxic protein, stonustoxin (SNTX), was purified from the venom of S. horrida: the primary lethal action of...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(94)90022-1
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical uses of estrogens are associated with serious adverse effects, so the experimental toxicology of these compounds is under continuous review. Structurally different estrogens have qualitatively similar effects in animals when given in amounts way above the rodent uterotrophic dose. Toxicity still tends, ho...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(90)90087-i
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer promotion, development, and malignant transformation is greatly influenced by cell-to-cell interactions in a complex tissue microenvironment. Cancer and stromal cells secrete soluble factors, as well as deport membrane-encapsulated structures, which actively contribute and mediate cell-to-cell interaction withi...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107806
更新日期:2021-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::Unwanted cells are removed by physiological cell death processes that are highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom. Physiological cell death plays an important role in development, tissue homeostasis and defence against viral infection and mutation. This review describes the molecular components that implement t...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(96)00098-8
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in dNTP pools have been studied by a number of investigators, in a wide range of cell types. The in vitro pertubations in dNTP pool levels induced, in particular, by deoxynucleosides which act as allosteric modulators, are not totally consistent with current 'in vitro models' of ribonucleotide reductase functi...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(85)90046-4
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the advances in tumor identification and treatment, cancer remains the primary driver of death around the world. Also, regular treatments for the disease are incapable of targeting particular cancer types at different stages since they are not specifically focused on harmful cells since they influence both sol...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.010
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The precise mechanism(s) of the progression of advanced heart failure (HF) should be determined to establish strategies for its treatment or prevention. Based on pathological, molecular, and physiological findings in 3 animal models and human cases, we propose a novel scheme that a vicious cycle formed by increased sa...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.12.006
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurodegenerative diseases represent some of the most devastating neurological disorders, characterized by progressive loss of the structure and function of neurons. Current therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is limited to symptomatic treatment rather than disease modifying interventions, emphasizing the desperat...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107705
更新日期:2020-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds which are included in a panoply of drugs and used to treat and/or manage human ailments such as metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological disorders and cancer. Thus, the purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of flavonoids for the treatment of autoimmune disea...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.009
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) family includes TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC proteins, which are encoded by NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3 genes, respectively. Binding of neurotrophins to TRK proteins induces receptor dimerization, phosphorylation, and activation of the downstream signaling cascades via PI3K, RAS/MAPK/ERK, and ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.006
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by pathophysiological factors including airflow limitation, hyperinflation and reduced gas exchange. Treatment consists of lifestyle changes, lung rehabilitation and pharmacological therapies such as long acting beta-2-agonists (L...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.007
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relationship between inflammation and cancer is now well-established and represents a paradigm that our immune response does not necessarily serves solely to protect us from infections and cancer. Many specific mechanisms that link chronic inflammation to cancer promotion and metastasis have been uncovered in the rece...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.09.011
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ross River virus (RRV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus indigenous to Australia and the Western Pacific region and is responsible for several thousand cases of human RRV disease (RRVD) per annum. The disease primarily involves polyarthritis/arthralgia, with many patients also presenting with rash, myalgia, fever, and/or...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.03.006
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical evidence indicates that female sex steroids may contribute to the high prevalence of migraine in women, as well as changes in the frequency or severity of migraine attacks that are in tandem with various reproductive milestones in women's life. While female sex steroids do not seem to be involved in the patho...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.08.009
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vascular Na+ pump maintains intracellular ionic concentration and controls membrane potential. Its inhibition by cardiac glycosides enhances the intracellular Na+ concentration. This in turn activates the Na+-Ca2+ exchange mechanism, which induces intracellular Ca2+ increase, membrane depolarization, and noradrena...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(99)00037-6
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary microvessels play a pivotal role in determining the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium by regulating the coronary flow conductance and substance transport. Direct approaches analyzing the coronary microvessels have provided a large body of knowledge concerning the physiological and pharmacologic...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(00)00057-7
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence of a critical role played by the bronchial epithelium in airway homeostasis is opening new therapeutic avenues. Its unique situation at the interface with the environment suggests that the subtle regulation orchestrated by the epithelium between tolerance and specific immune response might be impai...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.07.008
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00