Abstract:
:Despite some recent declines, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of death in the United States and worldwide. Most recent advances in the treatment of CVD states have been produced by inhibition of mechanisms involved in disease progress. Many studies conducted in the last decade have illustrated increased biological oxidative pathways during CVD in animals and humans. Thus, increased production of reactive oxygen species may be a unifying mechanism in CVD progression, and antioxidants may have therapeutic value in this setting. In this review we address the following questions: Do oxidative mechanisms play a role in CVD? Where do the oxidants come from? What are the relevant oxidative events? What are the therapeutic implications?
journal_name
Pharmacol Therjournal_title
Pharmacology & therapeuticsauthors
Wattanapitayakul SK,Bauer JAdoi
10.1016/s0163-7258(00)00114-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-02-01 00:00:00pages
187-206issue
2eissn
0163-7258issn
1879-016Xpii
S0163-7258(00)00114-5journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Recent evidence indicates that ethanol modulates the function of specific intracellular signaling cascades, including those that contain cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), the tyrosine kinase Fyn, and phospholipase D (PLD). In some cases, the specific...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.07.004
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic inhibition plays a key role in regulating neuronal excitability and information processing in the brain. The strength of synaptic inhibition is therefore an important determinant of both cellular and network activity levels in the central nervous system (CNS). gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.012
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although potent effects of psychoactive drugs on circadian rhythms were first described over 30 years ago, research into the reciprocal relationship between the reward system and the circadian system - and the impact of this relationship on addiction - has only become a focus in the last decade. Nonetheless, great pro...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.03.003
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::L-carnitine (LC) deficiency is commonly observed in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. As a result of this and other causes of secondary LC deficiencies, LC has been described as a "conditionally essential nutrient" or "conditional vitamin". Although a large number of clinical trials regarding the beneficial effects ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.08.008
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Initially regarded as "epigenetic modifiers" acting predominantly through chromatin remodeling via histone acetylation, HDACIs, alternatively referred to as lysine deacetylase or simply deacetylase inhibitors, have since been recognized to exert multiple cytotoxic actions in cancer cells, often through acetylation of ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.04.004
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in newborns and infants can present in its idiopathic form or complicate a long list of other diseases. Most of these conditions are either pulmonary or cardiovascular in origin. In the present review our current knowledge regarding pathophysiology, structural changes, diagnosis, and availa...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.03.006
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past 15 years, novel pharmacologic treatments for the management of HIV/AIDS and severe mental illness have changed the prognosis and quality of life for millions of patients throughout the world. In HIV-infected patients, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has altered this epidemic in many countrie...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.07.004
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 90-kDa molecular chaperone family (which comprises, among other proteins, the 90-kDa heat-shock protein, hsp90 and the 94-kDa glucose-regulated protein, grp94, major molecular chaperones of the cytosol and of the endoplasmic reticulum, respectively) has become an increasingly active subject of research in the past...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(98)00013-8
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past decade, it has become evident that dopamine plays an important role in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure. Dopamine exerts its actions via a class of cell-surface receptors coupled to G-proteins that belong to the rhodopsin family. Dopamine receptors have been classified into two famil...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(98)00027-8
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Administration of antidepressant drugs to rodents appears to decrease 5-HT2 receptor function while transmission through postsynaptic 5-HT1 receptor synapses may be enhanced. Antidepressant drugs also alter 5-HT mechanisms in humans; some of these changes are congruent with effects noted in animal studies. Thus certai...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(90)90033-x
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A common feature of chronic respiratory disease is the progressive decline in lung function. The decline can be indolent, or it can be accelerated by acute exacerbations, whereby the patient experiences a pronounced worsening of disease symptoms. Moreover, acute exacerbations may also be a marker of insufficient disea...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.11.003
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of regular administration of antiplatelet drugs in patients suffering from coronary artery disease stands on firm grounds, as large meta-analyses have shown these therapies to drastically reduce the risk of death. Although the current guidelines published jointly by the American Heart Association, the A...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.019
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unless it is carefully controlled, bias often distorts the results of clinical trials, usually exaggerating the magnitude of true efficacy. For that reason, procedures to limit bias have been mandated by the FDA when assessing efficacy in clinical trials. The present review shows that the effects of bias in preclinica...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.05.002
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors for the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA are likely to be found on most, if not all, neurons in the brain and spinal cord. They appear to be the most complicated of the superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels in terms of the large number of receptor subtypes and also the vari...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(95)02043-8
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A majority of angiogenic factors has been shown to be produced by macrophages. This review will give a concise description of their biochemical nature, their isolation from macrophages and their angiogenic activity. Among the factors with mitogenic effects on endothelial cells are basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(91)90077-y
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical evidence indicates that female sex steroids may contribute to the high prevalence of migraine in women, as well as changes in the frequency or severity of migraine attacks that are in tandem with various reproductive milestones in women's life. While female sex steroids do not seem to be involved in the patho...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.08.009
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of neuronal functions, including synaptic plasticity, depend on proper regulation of synaptic proteins, many of which can be rapidly regulated by phosphorylation. Neuronal activity controls the function of these synaptic proteins by exquisitely regulating the balance of various protein kinase and protein phos...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.06.003
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The leukotrienes are synthesized from essential fatty acids via a 5-lipoxygenase enzyme. Most is known about the four-series leukotrienes derived from arachidonic acid. Leukotriene B4 is a potent chemotactic agent for leukocytes and it induces neutrophil-dependent increased microvascular permeability. Leukotrienes C4,...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(90)90035-z
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymorphisms have been detected in a variety of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes at both the phenotypic and genotypic level. In the case of four enzymes, the cytochrome P450 CYP2D6, glutathione S-transferase mu, N-acetyltransferase 2 and serum cholinesterase, the majority of mutations which give rise to a defective ph...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(93)90053-g
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cardiovascular system is highly organised in time; blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), peripheral resistance, pressure and the release/activity of vasodilating hormones all display pronounced circadian variations. Pathophysiological events within the cardiovascular system are also not random, as shown for instan...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.11.008
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main effector hormone of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and hypertension, appear to be related to Ang II production. The generation of Ang II involves angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in circulating and tis...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00021-1
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The understanding of renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains as a challenge. More than 10% of the population of developed countries suffer from CKD. Proliferation and activation of myofibroblasts and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins are the main features of kidney fibrosis, a process in whi...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.10.003
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection is effective, although it does not permanently suppress viral replication in all patients. Viral persistence, drug toxicity, and antiretroviral resistance are challenging barriers to successful treatment of HIV-1 infection. It has become increasingl...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.06.007
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The demonstration that RNA can be cleaved by cis or trans ribozymes (catalytic RNAs, RNA enzymes) has potentially important therapeutic implications. Since their discovery in the 1980s, the biochemistry and conserved sequences of ribozymes have been well characterized. Ribozymes are effective modulators of gene expres...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(95)02008-x
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) formed via endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) plays crucial roles in the regulation of blood flow through vasodilatation and decreased vascular resistance in various organs and tissues. NO derived from eNOS also contributes to the inhibition of platelet aggregation, adhesi...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.04.009
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanistic insights of cancer immunology have led to the development of immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT), which has elicited a remarkable clinical response in some cancer patients. Increasing evidence suggests that activation of oncogenic pathways, such as RAS/RAF/MAPK and PI3K signaling, impairs the antitum...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.004
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical uses of estrogens are associated with serious adverse effects, so the experimental toxicology of these compounds is under continuous review. Structurally different estrogens have qualitatively similar effects in animals when given in amounts way above the rodent uterotrophic dose. Toxicity still tends, ho...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(90)90087-i
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::K(+) channels play critical roles in a wide variety of physiological processes, including the regulation of heart rate, muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitability, insulin secretion, epithelial electrolyte transport, cell volume regulation, and cell proliferation. As such, K(+) channels have b...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(02)00201-2
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Preclinical animal models are useful tools to better understand tumor initiation and progression and to predict the activity of an anticancer agent in the clinic. Ideally, these models should recapitulate the biological characteristics of the tumor and of the related tumor microenvironment (e.g. vasculature,...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.001
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are a potential life-threatening disease with limited pharmacological treatment options. Current treatment options are aimed at lowering aortic hemodynamic stress, predominantly with β-adrenoceptor blockers. Increasing evidence supports a role for the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.04.002
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00