Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Imiquimod is the first member of a new class of immune response modifiers; it was first approved in 1997 for the topical treatment of external genital and perianal warts. It is an imidazoquinoline, a novel synthetic compound which is an immune response stimulator, enhancing both the innate and acquired immune pathways (particularly T helper cell type 1-mediated immune responses) resulting in antiviral, antitumour and immunoregulatory activities. The mechanism of action of imiquimod involves cytokine induction in the skin, which then triggers the host's immune system to recognize the presence of a viral infection or tumour, ultimately to eradicate the associated lesion. RECENT FINDINGS:Imiquimod, a patient-applied topical 5% cream is clinically efficacious and safe in the management of condylomata acuminata and other warty manifestations of human papillomavirus infections. Although not licensed for use against other viral skin infections, preliminary data suggest imiquimod's success against molluscum contagiosum, caused by a poxvirus. Initial studies with imiquimod for the management of HPV-related intraepithelial dysplasias (bowenoid papulosis/vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia) as well as for ultraviolet-induced skin lesions such as actinic keratoses, Bowen's disease, and basal cell carcinomas show great promise in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. SUMMARY:In the future, imiquimod and newer generations of imidazoquinolines (resiquimod) require further investigation for potential clinical utility in treating other cutaneous and mucosal viral infections, dysplasias and neoplasia, as well as potential vaccine adjuvants.
journal_name
Curr Opin Infect Disjournal_title
Current opinion in infectious diseasesauthors
Garland SMdoi
10.1097/00001432-200304000-00004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-04-01 00:00:00pages
85-9issue
2eissn
0951-7375issn
1473-6527journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Infections caused by Candida spp. are frequent and serious in oncology patients. Over the past decade, the introduction of azole antifungals as prophylactic agents, and other factors have caused a shift in the species of Candida that cause infection. During the period under review (June 1999 to June 2000), several stu...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001432-200012000-00006
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There is a global need for well tolerated, effective, and affordable vaccines to prevent group A streptococcal infections and their most serious complications. The aim of this review is to highlight the recent progress in the identification of promising vaccine antigens and new approaches to vaccine d...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000644
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Breast surgery is considered a clean surgical procedure; nevertheless, infection rates are often higher than those reported after other similarly considered clean surgeries (e.g., thyroid, hernia). Acute bacterial skin and soft tissue infections, mostly surgical site infections and implant-associated ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000531
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Invasive fungal infections have become the leading infectious cause of death in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation. Several factors have led to a renaissance in the study of invasive fungal infections. The growing incidence of both commonly encountered as well as emerging pathogens and t...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000136935.13662.af
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Fungal outbreaks have been reported in healthcare settings, showing that construction activities are a serious threat to immunocompromised hosts. Preventive measures to control fungal outbreaks (especially Aspergillus spp.) are considered essential during hospital construction. In this article, we upd...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000566
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to synopsize and highlight the recent subtle genetic changes in cholera causing toxigenic Vibrio cholerae with special reference to their virulence, integrating and conjugative elements and toxin-antitoxin systems. It is not intended to cover issues on the whole genome se...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000306
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The best way to control chlamydial diseases is with an effective vaccine. Although previous studies suggest that a vaccine is an achievable goal, progress has been limited even though many vaccination strategies have been tested. A clearer understanding of the immunobiological basis of chlamydial protection and pathol...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001432-199902000-00009
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The emergence of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A (pH1N1) has provided a unique challenge to influenza control in healthcare settings. We provide an overview of the early lessons from the 2009 pandemic. RECENT FINDINGS:The modes of influenza transmission and their contributions to the development of in...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833bb804
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency and is associated with a high disease burden. We reviewed recent progress in the management of patients with community-acquired bacterial meningitis. RECENT FINDINGS:The worldwide burden of disease of bacterial meningitis remains high, despite the decreasin...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000335
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The incidence of pulmonary infections has declined dramatically with improved access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, but chronic lung disease (CLD) is an increasingly recognized but poorly understood complication in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV. RECENT FIND...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000325
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus persists in a latent form for the life of its host, periodically reactivating and often resulting in significant psychosocial distress for the patient. Currently no cure is available. Antiviral therapy is the main treatment modality, used either orally, intravenously, or topically to prohibit furt...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00001432-200204000-00003
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To explore how ethical considerations, improved diagnostics and data from clinical trials might see the lowering of some of the barriers blocking a cure for HIV infection over the next 5 years. RECENT FINDINGS:Despite the recent well publicized but eventually disappointing case reports, there remains...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000123
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this review is to provide an update of nonantibiotic therapies for acute gastroenteritis (AGE), focusing on antiemetics and probiotics. RECENT FINDINGS:The mainstay of therapy for nonsevere AGE remains oral rehydration therapy (ORT). Recent randomized controlled trials and metaanalyses hav...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000670
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:For decades, healthcare workers have been known to be at risk from acquiring a variety of bloodborne pathogen infections as a result of occupational exposure. Primary prevention of exposures, as recommended by universal precautions guidelines, remains the cornerstone of protecting healthcare workers. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000171921.52433.50
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Antimicrobial stewardship is now recognized as a formal strategy for curbing the upward trend in antibiotic resistance. Literature on antimicrobial stewardship has focused on areas of strategic importance and operational delivery. A number of barriers have been recognized in the implementation of succ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283483262
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review highlights progress made in the development of vaccines aimed at the stages of malaria parasites found in mosquitoes that block the transmission of malaria within a community. RECENT FINDINGS:Substantial progress has been made on the production and characterization of the leading candidat...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282a95e12
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Necrotizing enterocolitis remains an enigmatic and potentially devastating condition with high morbidity and mortality. This review explores ways in which bacterial pathogens, together with gut microflora, influence the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis. Specifically, it examines the role o...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000224823.73223.29
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The world's population is becoming increasing mobile. Each mobile population (e.g. immigrants, refugees, travelers) has certain characteristics that determine public health risk and infectious disease burden. Refugees present unique challenges to public health officials and infectious disease speciali...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32832f14a4
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Sepsis is an inflammatory condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Given the lack of specific therapies for the condition, prevention has garnered significant interest and increased importance. The article reviews the current literature regarding the use of aspirin and statins fo...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283520ed7
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Genital herpes has a high global prevalence and burden of disease. This manuscript highlights recent advances in our understanding of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. RECENT FINDINGS:Studies demonstrate a changing epidemiological landscape with an increasing proportion of genital herpes...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000029
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the public health impact of food-related illness in light of recent high-profile outbreaks and advances in the methodology to estimate illness burden. It includes mainly literature from high-income countries, as burden of illness estimations have b...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328356aeba
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent cause of death among the nosocomial infections acquired in the ICU. Routine surveillance endotracheal aspirate (ETA) cultures in patients on mechanical ventilation have been proposed to predict the cause of VAP. Our aim is to review the availa...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000042
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent causative agent of nosocomial pneumonia. Because of important clinical consequences of inappropriate treatment, a current review of the potential modifications undergone by S. aureus and adaptation to new treatment options is necessary. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283509cfa
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Fungal endocarditis remains a rare disease occurring mostly in patients with predisposing host conditions. Regarding its poor prognosis because of severe complications, there is an urgent need for properly established treatment guidelines and prophylaxis for patients at risk. In this review we provide...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000009
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Cryptococcal meningitis causes significant mortality among HIV-infected patients, despite antifungal therapy and use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In patients with cryptococcal meningitis, ART is often complicated by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), manifesting as unmasking of pr...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000224
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, acute haematogenous osteomyelitis in children continues to cause significant morbidity and disease burden. The molecular epidemiology of causal organisms has wide geographic variation, but regardless of cause children often require several weeks of inpatien...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e3283005441
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an important clinical complication in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. This review focuses on the latest literature pertaining to the pathogenesis of IRIS. RECENT FINDINGS:The clinical manifestations of IRIS are heterog...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e328352b664
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The recent sequencing of the whole genome of Malassezia globosa and M. restricta forms the basis for molecular epidemiology studies and instigates investigations into their respective virulence factors. Thus, reviewing current knowledge on Malassezia molecular typing methods would reveal the pros and ...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/qco.0b013e328324ed19
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The present review summarizes key studies on the effects of major abdominal surgery on the host response to infection published during the last 18 months. RECENT FINDINGS:Surgical trauma causes stereotyped systemic proinflammatory and compensatory anti-inflammatory reactions. It is leukocyte reprogra...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32833939cb
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review provides the rationale for the development of new antibiotics to treat community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It also provides an overview of the new antibiotics targeting CAP that have recently received approval by the regulatory agencies, and those antibiotics that are in the development pi...
journal_title:Current opinion in infectious diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000526
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00