Abstract：
:The occurrence and number of melanocytic nevi are among the most important known risk factors for the development of malignant melanoma. Studying the causes of nevi should lead to successful strategies in the prevention of melanoma. Among 11,478 white German children of preschool age the association between benign melanocytic nevi and a number of risk factors for skin cancer was examined. We found that subjects with a reported history of increased sun exposure, for example, painful sunburns, and an increased number of holidays in foreign countries with a sunny climate had significantly higher nevus counts than individuals without these characteristics. Our results provide further evidence that nevus counts may not only be part of a genetic predisposition but also a result of increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Together with the fact that a high nevus count is the most relevant risk factor for malignant melanoma, the results strongly indicate a connection between UV-radiation and the development of melanocytic skin cancer. In conclusion, strategies to reduce the incidence of melanoma should begin with young children.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Dulon M,Weichenthal M,Blettner M,Breitbart M,Hetzer M,Greinert R,Baumgardt-Elms C,Breitbart EWdoi
10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00484-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-11-01 00:00:00pages
1075-81issue
11eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895435602004845journal_volume
55pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis (1787-1872) has been the direct or indirect mentor of influential U.S. and English scientists in public health, epidemiology, medicine, and biostatistics during the 19th and 20th century. Louis was primarily a clinician, but his name has been more closely associated with the history of e...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00294-6
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a clinical judgement analysis study, 27 general practitioners, 22 cardiologists, and 21 medical students assessed 40 case vignettes with regard to the probability of heart failure, in order to study the weights of different kinds of information (cues) measured by the regression coefficients in a multiple regression...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00241-9
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Case-mix adjustment is difficult for stroke outcome studies using administrative data. However, relevant prescription, laboratory, procedure, and service claims might be surrogates for stroke severity. This study proposes a method for developing a stroke severity index (SSI) by using administrative data. ST...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.01.009
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evaluation of diagnostic tests attempts to obtain one or more statistical parameters which can indicate the intrinsic diagnostic utility of a test. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value are not appropriate for this use. The likelihood ratio has been proposed as a useful measure when using a test to diagnos...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(88)90051-0
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to examine the proportion of men who died from prostate cancer (PrCa) vs. with PrCa and assess the comorbid conditions associated with other-cause deaths. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We identified all male decedents aged >/=65 years in Jefferson County, AL, in 1993-1995. By crossli...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.11.009
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To test unidimensionality and local independence of a set of shoulder functional status (SFS) items, develop a computerized adaptive test (CAT) of the items using a rating scale item response theory model (RSM), and compare discriminant validity of measures generated using all items (theta(IRT)...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.08.006
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Two methods for measuring insulin sensitivity, fasting plasma insulin (FPI) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) have been proposed for use in large epidemiological research and clinical practice. This project describes the range of observed values of the HOMA and FPI in a large sample of th...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.05.001
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the effect of cancer histopathology on the relationship between estrogen-replacement therapy (ERT) use and breast cancer risk, we performed a case-control study of 109 postmenopausal women 45 years or older with in situ or invasive breast cancer matched to 545 controls. When in situ and invasive tumors were...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00116-4
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although case-crossover analyses have lately emerged as an alternative to case-control analyses in epidemiological studies, it is not yet known in which situations they give reliable conclusions. In this work, the case-crossover and the case-control designs were first compared on the basis of a dataset from a publishe...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00404-8
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although developed societies have undergone many profound changes during recent decades, including urbanization, increased traffic and aging of the populations, epidemiologic information on secular trends in profiles of injuries is limited. We investigated such trends in Finland by selecting from the National Hospital...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00346-2
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The framework consists of cohort or case-series studies with intermittent exposure and two types of events. The aim is to define and estimate an association measure between the exposure and the occurrence of one type of event rather than the other. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The model and the estimation method...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.07.014
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Application of sequential analysis may avoid unnecessary experimentation and achieve economical use of available biomaterial stored in biological banks. When, as often happens in cohort case-controls studies, cases are scarce, it may be possible to use multiple control observations per case to increase the power of a ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(93)90073-a
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Core outcome sets (COSs) are agreed-on standardized sets of outcomes that should be minimally measured in all trials of a given disease. To enhance the uptake of COSs in trials, their generalizability should be increased by a change in the number and diversity of stakeholders involved in their development. Also, their...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.01.004
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To compare Charlson indices based on chart data and ICD-9 data for agreement overall and on rating specific comorbid conditions, and to compare mortality risks associated with these indices. Prospective cohort study. Six general medicine wards at Yale-New Haven Hospital. 524 consecutive patients who had no clinical ev...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00367-x
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Assessment of changes in endemic infections in health care facilities are often based on comparison of infection rates over time. This study compared two methods for calculating and depicting infection data at a hospital-based nursing home care unit. Prospective incidence surveillance of nursing home acquired infectio...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(88)90162-x
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assesses psychometric properties of the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3MS) and present population norms and demographic risk factors for low 3MS scores. The subjects were 885 persons aged 65 and older who took the 3MS as part of the Stirling County Study, a population-based longitudinal study of adult re...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00111-2
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of applying a problem assessment versus a pure symptom urinary incontinence (UI) caseness definition in etiologic research. SUBJECTS:A random population sample of 2613 women aged 30-59 years, who responded to a postal questionnaire. MAIN PARAMETERS: One-year period prevalence of the...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00130-3
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Methods to identify studies for systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy are less well developed than for reviews of intervention studies. This study assessed (1) the sensitivity and precision of five published search strategies and (2) the reliability and accuracy of reviewers screening the ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.09.011
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to identify and describe critical appraisal tools designed for assessing the quality of evidence (QoE) and/or strength of recommendations (SoRs) related to health care-related tests and diagnostic strategies (HCTDSs). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We conducted a systematic review ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.09.007
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Objective and indirect evidence was used to determine whether required author contribution forms were associated with a decrease in author counts in four major general medicine journals (British Medical Journal [BMJ], Journal of the American Medical Association [JAMA], Canadian Medical Association Journal [C...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.03.010
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether elements signifying relative insulin sensitivity (IS) were prospectively linked to accidents and suicides in 14,976 Helsinki Heart Study (HHS) screenees. The main outcome measure was hospitalizations and deaths from accidents and suicide attempts determined from Finnis...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00407-9
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to consider statistical and methodological issues affecting the results of meta-analysis of genetic association studies for pertinent gene-disease associations. Although the basic statistical issues for performing meta-analysis are well described in the literature, there are remaining...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.12.011
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the yield from searching a range of bibliographic databases and additional sources to identify test accuracy studies for systematic reviews. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We examined eight systematic reviews and their database searches: MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, Science Citation Index, LILACS, Pascal, ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.05.013
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare methods commonly used to derive minimal important differences and recommend a rule for defining patients as clinically improved on the low back pain-specific Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). METHODS:447 primary care low back pain consulters completed a questionnaire at consultation a...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.03.018
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Educational attainment has been negatively associated with the prevalence, morbidity and mortality of many diseases. With knee osteoarthritis as an example, we used NHANES I data to examine whether the cross-sectional association between formal education and disease is due to known risk factors, and also whether educa...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90006-9
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To assess the influence of medical conditions on road traffic accidents among a cohort of middle-aged workers and pensioners. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A longitudinal study of 13,548 participants from a cohort study of French workers. Follow-up data covered the 1989-2000 period. Adjusted hazard...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.09.008
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The utility of ordinal logistic regression in the prediction of colorectal neoplasia was demonstrated in a group of 461 consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy in a community practice. One hundred twenty-nine patients had adenomatous polyps and 34 had colorectal adenocarcinoma. An ordinal logistic regression model...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(91)90159-7
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Cochrane Qualitative and Implementation Methods Group develops and publishes guidance on the synthesis of qualitative and mixed-method implementation evidence. Choice of appropriate methodologies, methods, and tools is essential when developing a rigorous protocol and conducting the synthesis. Cochrane authors who...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.020
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quality of life and functional health were measured cross-sectionally for 314 adult ambulatory primary care patients in a rural clinic and found to be much better for patients with low severity of illness who required no confinement to home because of health problems, than for patients with high severity of illness wh...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90171-i
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Statistical interaction between a single, instantaneous exposure and attained age (age during follow-up; attained age = age at exposure + time since exposure) is used in risk analyses to assess potential effect modification by unmeasured factors correlated with age. However, the impact of such interaction on ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.10.004
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
