Abstract:
:Assessment of changes in endemic infections in health care facilities are often based on comparison of infection rates over time. This study compared two methods for calculating and depicting infection data at a hospital-based nursing home care unit. Prospective incidence surveillance of nursing home acquired infections was conducted over a 12-month period, during which time denominator information on census and patient care days was also collected. Monthly infection rates were calculated based on (a) census (number infections per month/average monthly census), and (b) care duration (number infections per month/average monthly resident stay days). Results showed average monthly infection incidence of 27.4 episodes, (range 19-37), with average monthly census of 166.2 (range 160.0-180.0) and average monthly patient days of 5056 (range 4631-5583). The average census based monthly infection rate was 16.5 (range 11.9-22.4); average care duration based monthly infection rate was 5.4 (range 3.8-7.2) episodes per 1000 patient care days. Results indicate care duration based rates demonstrate less marked rate fluctuation than census based findings, and that duration based rates are more similar to values observed in acute care hospital nosocomial infection rates, thus are less likely to be misunderstood or misinterpreted by staff. Institutions should consider analyzing their methods for depicting infection data to provide consistency and clarity in data reporting.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Schicker JM,Franson TR,Duthie EH Jr,LeClair SMdoi
10.1016/0895-4356(88)90162-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-01-01 00:00:00pages
757-61issue
8eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
0895-4356(88)90162-Xjournal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:Intervention Modeling Experiments (IMEs) are a way of developing and testing behavior change interventions before a trial. We aimed to test this methodology in a Web-based IME that replicated the trial component of an earlier, paper-based IME. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Three-arm, Web-based randomized evaluat...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.07.008
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many longitudinal studies attempt to examine changes in outcome measures over time in groups of patients. Applying conventional analytic techniques, such as a single classical linear regression model, to these data will often not result in minimum variance estimates, and may affect the results of tests of significance...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90038-3
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Period prevalence is frequently measured in studies based on administrative data such as that from health maintenance organizations. For example, treated prevalence and drug utilization prevalence are important measures that are typically defined in relationship to a specified time period. Often one wishes to compare ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(95)00573-0
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To judge the effect on blood pressure, sodium intake of students at two boarding high schools was reduced by 15-20% through changes in food purchasing and in preparation practices in the schools' kitchens. Students were not asked to change their usual eating habits. Each school served alternately as the control or int...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(89)90056-5
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A standardized examination protocol was developed for the assessment of low back disorders in primary care. The protocol was found feasible in the occupational health service setting. The interexaminer repeatability between an occupational physician and an occupational physiotherapist was good for most items. The pred...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00266-7
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern that is increasing mainly as the result of increasing incidences of diabetes and hypertension. Furthermore, if left untreated, individuals with CKD may progress to end-stage kidney failure. Identifying individuals with undiagnosed CKD or those who are a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.06.020
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency and overload in the adult population in Iceland, a developed Scandinavian country. The study population consisted of 4240 individuals aged 25-74 years randomly selected from the national roster. Basic hematological, S-iron, S-total...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90090-v
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and disability was evaluated in a population of Mexican Americans from the southwest U.S. using data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Among the total sample of persons who completed a clinical examination, 14.6% reported a limitation ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90101-r
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Clinical trials increasingly use results of diagnostic tests as surrogate outcomes. Our objective was to answer the following questions: (1) is the parameter measured by the reference standard a valid surrogate? (2) How does the tests accuracy influence the estimate of the treatment benefit on...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.02.024
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Exposure to ultraviolet radiation has consistently been linked to an increased risk of melanoma. Epidemiologic studies are susceptible to measurement error, which can distort the magnitude of observed effects. Although the reliability of self-report of many sun exposure factors has been previously described i...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.09.004
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To identify, describe, and map contemporary nutrition guidelines (NGs) from reviews that used the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE) tool. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We performed an overview of reviews that systematically assessed the quality of NGs using the AGREE tool. We searched MEDL...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.08.018
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates aspects of the reliability of the Maastricht criteria list for quality assessment in systematic reviews, and whether blinded reviewing is necessary to prevent review bias. We used the data set of 12 articles from a systematic review concerning the efficacy of balneotherapy in patients with arth...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00297-7
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Constructs capturing health or functioning can have reflective and/or formative measurement models. Although a construct's measurement model has extensive implications on the construction, validation, and use of a measurement instrument, measurement models are frequently wrongly or not explicitly specified. ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.07.007
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The classical diagnostic cross-sectional study has a focus on one disease only. Generalist clinicians, however, are confronted with a wide range of diagnoses. We propose the "comprehensive diagnostic study design" to evaluate diagnostic tests regarding more than one disease outcome. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.05.019
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Conduct a systematic review of pediatric randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in high-impact journals to assess the reporting of primary outcomes and the psychometric properties of their measures. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Systematic review with screening and simultaneous data extraction conducted by...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.09.003
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Upper Bavarian Field Study a total of 1536 persons (15 years and older) were interviewed by research psychiatrists. 8.1% of all respondents took a psychotropic drug during the 7 days prior to the interview. The consumption rate among women was about three times as high as that for men. The use of psychotropic d...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90042-8
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the effect of weight-loss interventions on health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs); to conduct a meta-analysis of weight-loss treatment on depressive symptoms; and, to examine methodological and presentation issues that compromise study validity. STUDY DESIGN...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.10.015
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The application of rigorous epidemiologic methods to clinical questions has broadened the scope of research in epidemiology and enhanced the quality of clinical research. The International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN) has enabled physicians from developing countries to obtain training in epidemiologic method...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(89)90013-9
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To obtain a relatively true mortality from malignant neoplasms, we studied the frequency of cancers in the different sites and the changing patterns of the frequency and sites over time among residents of the community of Hisayama, where an autopsy-based population survey (autopsy rate, 80%) has been conducted since 1...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(95)00560-9
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:There is considerable actual and potential waste in research. Using evidence-based research (EBR) can ensure the value of a new study. The aim of this article, the third in a series, is to describe an EBR approach to putting research results into context. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:EBR is the us...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.07.021
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to describe patterns of health care use by inner-city patients with asthma and to identify patients at risk for hospitalization. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1788 patients with asthma aged 5 to 34 years from a large hospital-based multi-specialty practice in inner-city Ind...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00333-2
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although previous studies document that blood pressure measured in the clinic may differ significantly from blood pressure recorded over 24 hours, the impact of these differences on patient selection for therapeutic drug trials is unknown. A placebo controlled double-blind evaluation of an experimental antihypertensiv...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(89)90046-2
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than one odds ratio estimate will often arise from a single epidemiologic study. Examples of designs where this may occur include those where there is more than one case or control group, and investigations of several risk factors as part of the same study. Various methods for presenting multiple interval estimat...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(89)90132-7
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To explore implications of using systematic drug class reviews to develop U.S. Medicaid drug formularies. We assess racial/ethnic, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) concordance between Medicaid populations and studies synthesized in Drug Effectiveness Review Project (DERP) systematic reviews. STUDY DESI...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.01.009
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate a self-report version of the Home Falls and Accidents Screening Tool (HOME FAST-SR). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The HOME FAST-SR was designed using expert review, pretesting and piloting. Agreement of self-reported home hazard ratings and ratings by health professionals was evaluated using the kapp...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.02.013
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We identified 38 case-control studies investigating possible associations between alcoholic beverage consumption and cancer of the female breast. Each study was characterized according to design features such as: control type (hospital or community based), risk factors controlled for, matching strategy, and statistica...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)90026-4
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparison of psychosocial adjustment in women with breast cancer (BC) and women with benign breast problems (BBP) has been hampered by a failure to control for age differences between these groups, as well as a failure to assess positive psychosocial adaptation in addition to psychological distress. Age-matched women...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(96)00028-5
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Several methods exist to calculate sample size for the difference of proportions (risk difference). Researchers are often unaware that there are different formulae, different underlying assumptions, and what the impact of choice of formula is on the calculated sample size. The aim of this study was to discus...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.10.008
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To develop a scale and survey the measurement of patient adherence and patient recruitment, and to explore how these methods impact the results in randomized controlled trials of interventions to improve patient adherence to medications. STUDY DESIGN:Analytic survey of a purposively selected sample of patie...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.06.008
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare the impact of unconditional and conditional financial incentives on response rates among Australian general practitioners invited by mail to participate in an online survey about cancer care and to investigate possible differential response bias between incentive groups. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.09.013
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00