Abstract：
:In the Upper Bavarian Field Study a total of 1536 persons (15 years and older) were interviewed by research psychiatrists. 8.1% of all respondents took a psychotropic drug during the 7 days prior to the interview. The consumption rate among women was about three times as high as that for men. The use of psychotropic drugs increased with age. No consistent pattern was found with respect to social class. According to psychiatric/physical health status the highest consumption rate (29.4%) was found among those suffering solely from psychiatric disorders. The simultaneous occurrence of both psychiatric and physical disorder did not increase the risk of drug taking (21.4%). Less than 5% of the healthy respondents and of those suffering solely from a physical disorder used psychotropic drugs. A large proportion (63.0%) of those with previous psychiatric in- and outpatient treatment received psychotropic medication, as well as those suffering from schizophrenia (66.7%), affective psychoses (52.6%) and anxiety disorders (50.0%). The higher consumption of psychotropic drugs among women could not be explained by higher psychiatric or physical morbidity or the fact that women consult primary care physicians more frequently than do men. Controlling for co-morbidity and annual consultation of family physicians, significant sex differences in the consumption of psychotropic drugs persist.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Weyerer S,Dilling Hdoi
10.1016/0895-4356(91)90042-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-01-01 00:00:00pages
303-11issue
3eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
0895-4356(91)90042-8journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To test unidimensionality and local independence of a set of shoulder functional status (SFS) items, develop a computerized adaptive test (CAT) of the items using a rating scale item response theory model (RSM), and compare discriminant validity of measures generated using all items (theta(IRT)...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.08.006
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have evaluated the reproducibility and relative validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in a prospective study of risk factors for cervical neoplasia. The questionnaire is a modified version of one developed and evaluated in a middle-aged Danish population. In the present study, 122 w...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00379-4
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study reports the use of psychotropic drugs and pregnancy outcome in a prospective survey carried out in northern Finland in 1985-1986, consisting of 7933 pregnant women and their 8030 births. Of the mothers, 120 (1.5%) used psychotropic drugs during pregnancy and of them 26 (0.3% of the total) used these drugs b...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00203-x
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Moderate consumers of alcohol have lower mortality than either nondrinkers or heavy drinkers. This systematic review aimed to quantify the level of alcohol consumption (termed the nadir) at which the lowest mortality occurs. Twenty cohort studies reported analyses of all-cause mortality for at least three categories o...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00076-1
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Weight loss interventions often present small mean weight changes over time, despite the fact that a substantial proportion of the participants lost more weight. This effect is often leveled out by the substantial proportion of participants who gained weight during the trial. The aim of this study is to id...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.03.007
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Longitudinal studies estimating the association between disability and mortality in the elderly population have typically assumed disability constant through the follow-up study period. Current knowledge indicates that such assumptions may not be appropriate. Our purpose was to examine this association (disa...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00201-4
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A visible result of the 20-year old applied ethics movement is the use of moral philosophers as quotable newspaper sources. In situations like the op-ed page, adequate space and time allows for serious reflection, and the columns provide accessible, quality ideas for the general public. Quality usually disappears wh...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90058-u
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Assessment of changes in endemic infections in health care facilities are often based on comparison of infection rates over time. This study compared two methods for calculating and depicting infection data at a hospital-based nursing home care unit. Prospective incidence surveillance of nursing home acquired infectio...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(88)90162-x
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Articles alleging hazards of electric or magnetic fields, based on epidemiologic studies, have appeared in the popular press. Some of these articles, which contain distortions of the scientific evidence, have been cited in the scientific and medical literature, thereby being given some degree of apparent legitimacy. I...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90154-f
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biologic studies have suggested that antidepressant use may increase breast cancer risk. We conducted a systematic review of trials and controlled epidemiologic studies to assess this association. Pooled data from 31 primary efficacy drug company trials of fluoxetine suggested no increased risk but the short duration ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00568-1
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes a multivariate analysis of a 3-year prospective study of the covariates of age at menopause among women who were randomly sampled from a general population. This approach avoids three problems that may account for the inconsistent results of prior studies: recall bias in retrospectively collected ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(89)90044-9
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined whether sociodemographic, health, and psychosocial factors predict stage at diagnosis in 444 women aged 55-84 with newly diagnosed, microscopically confirmed breast cancer. Stage was defined as local or advanced (regional or remote). One of the most interesting predictors of disease stage was living arrang...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(93)90021-r
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:It is difficult to compare the reliability of triage systems with the kappa statistic. In this article, a method for comparing triage systems was developed and applied to previously conducted triage reliability studies. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:From simulations with theoretical distributions, the minimum, n...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.01.012
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Period prevalence is frequently measured in studies based on administrative data such as that from health maintenance organizations. For example, treated prevalence and drug utilization prevalence are important measures that are typically defined in relationship to a specified time period. Often one wishes to compare ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(95)00573-0
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The STAndards for Reporting studies of Diagnostic accuracy (STARD) for investigators and editors and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) for reviewers and readers offer guidelines for the quality and reporting of test accuracy studies. These guidelines address and propose some solu...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.02.007
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate how frequently complex interventions are shown to be superior to routine care in general practice-based cluster-randomized controlled studies (c-RCTs) and to explore whether potential differences explain results that come out in favor of a complex intervention. STUDY DE...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.10.010
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We aimed to generate evidence on patients' values and preferences to inform the development of the German national Evidence-based Anal Cancer Guideline. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We developed a list of health outcomes based on a systematic search. We then asked anal cancer patients and experts of the guidelin...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.09.026
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although CHF has been considered a risk factor for venous thromboembolism, this has not been directly studied. We hypothesized that congestive heart failure would increase the risk of venous thromboembolism in an outpatient population, and that this risk would increase as patients' ventricular function worsened. We co...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00373-5
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analyzed data from outpatients with chronic low back pain (LBP) in the Veterans Health Study (n = 563) to examine the relationship between localized LBP intensity and radiating leg pain in assessing patient functional status, low back disability, and use of diagnostic imaging. Based on the localized LBP intensity, ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00094-3
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:There is a pressing need for evidence-based interventions to address the devastating clinical and public health effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The number of registered trials related to COVID-19 is increasing by the day. The objective of this study was to describe ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.06.005
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Busselton Survey is a population survey that is held about every three years. In 1994-1995 a re-survey was held of all past participants and 8,502 attended. Financial constraints precluded employing staff for data collection for blood pressure and anthropometry, these therefore were collected by unpaid lay volunte...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00492-9
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Angina pectoris (AP) as determined by the Rose questionnaire was assessed in nearly 16,000 black and white men and women participating in the Atherosclerosis Risk in communities Study, a population study of cardiovascular disease in four communities. The questionnaire was administered at yearly intervals and estimates...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(96)00022-4
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We aimed to compare the judgmental and mathematical approaches in weighting the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI). METHODS:The PUCAI was previously weighted mathematically using multivariate regression modeling on 157 children with ulcerative colitis (UC). Independently, a Delphi group of ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.008
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We develop a stochastic model of screening for ovarian cancer with serum levels of the CA 125 radioimmunoassay, a tumor-specific marker. The natural history of the disease is constructed using a four stage model characterized by a multivariate distribution for duration in each stage. Preserving its important features,...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(91)90075-k
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective was to estimate the presence and extent to which potentially unnecessary and therefore maybe wasteful clinical trials regarding relevant interventions and outcomes in major clinical areas had been conducted. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:From current Cochrane collaboration systematic reviews in majo...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.11.003
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate how decision analytic models (DAMs) can be used to quantify impact of using a (diagnostic or prognostic) prediction model in clinical practice and provide general guidance on how to perform such assessments. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A DAM was developed to assess the impact of using the HEART s...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.07.010
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple linear regression was used to predict an incubated glycosylated hemoglobin value from the unincubated value and blood glucose. Hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) was measured by a disposable microcolumn technique in a large, geographically defined population of diabetic persons in southern Wisconsin. During the study, incu...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(88)90116-3
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study assesses the properties of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) with the purpose of improving the efficiencies of the methods of screening for cognitive impairment and dementia. A specific purpose was to determine whether an abbreviated version would be as accurate as the original MMSE in pred...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.06.008
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three acute coronary care surveys (1986, 1990, and 1993) were conducted in the Swiss region of Vaud-Fribourg on all men aged 25 to 64 years hospitalized for a definite myocardial infarction (218, 224, and 167 cases). Nearly all patients received anticoagulants and nitrates. The proportion of patients treated increased...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00049-3
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Evidence-based guidelines recommend adjuvant chemotherapy in early stage breast cancer whenever treatment benefit is considered sufficient to outweigh the associated risks. However, many groups of patients were either excluded from or underrepresented in the clinical trials that form the evidence base for thi...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.01.006
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
