Effects on blood pressure of a decrease in sodium use in institutional food preparation: the Exeter-Andover Project.

Abstract:

:To judge the effect on blood pressure, sodium intake of students at two boarding high schools was reduced by 15-20% through changes in food purchasing and in preparation practices in the schools' kitchens. Students were not asked to change their usual eating habits. Each school served alternately as the control or intervention school for one school year. Blood pressure was monitored among 341 subjects during control years and 309 subjects during intervention years. Analysis of blood pressure differences between early in the school year and near the end of the school year, with adjustment for sex and initial blood pressure, showed the effect of the dietary intervention to be -1.7 mmHg for systolic (95% CI = -0.6, -2.9, p = 0.003) and -1.5 mmHg for diastolic pressure (95% CI = -0.6, -2.5, p = 0.002). Such modest and easily attainable changes in sodium intake, if maintained, could have a significant effect on the future risk of essential hypertension among young people.

journal_name

J Clin Epidemiol

authors

Ellison RC,Capper AL,Stephenson WP,Goldberg RJ,Hosmer DW Jr,Humphrey KF,Ockene JK,Gamble WJ,Witschi JC,Stare FJ

doi

10.1016/0895-4356(89)90056-5

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1989-01-01 00:00:00

pages

201-8

issue

3

eissn

0895-4356

issn

1878-5921

pii

0895-4356(89)90056-5

journal_volume

42

pub_type

杂志文章
  • A full competing risk analysis of hospital-acquired infections can easily be performed by a case-cohort approach.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:We provide a case-cohort approach and show that a full competing risk analysis is feasible even in a reduced data set. Competing events for hospital-acquired infections are death or discharge from the hospital because they preclude the observation of such infections. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Using surveilla...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.11.011

    authors: Wolkewitz M,Palomar-Martinez M,Olaechea-Astigarraga P,Alvarez-Lerma F,Schumacher M

    更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00

  • Time-to-event methodology improved statistical evaluation in register-based health services research.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:Complex longitudinal sampling and the observational structure of patient registers in health services research are associated with methodological challenges regarding data management and statistical evaluation. We exemplify common pitfalls and want to stimulate discussions on the design, development, and dep...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.11.001

    authors: Bluhmki T,Bramlage P,Volk M,Kaltheuner M,Danne T,Rathmann W,Beyersmann J

    更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00

  • An e-mail survey identified unpublished studies for systematic reviews.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:A large number of trials remain difficult to locate or unpublished for systematic reviews. The objective of this article was to determine the usefulness of making e-mail contact with authors of clinical trials and literature reviews found in MEDLINE to identify unpublished or difficult to locat...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.11.022

    authors: Reveiz L,Cardona AF,Ospina EG,de Agular S

    更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00

  • What is a clinically meaningful change on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L) Questionnaire? Results from Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Study 5592.

    abstract::To assess the impact of disease and treatment on patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we set out to determine a clinically meaningful change (CMC) on the Lung Cancer Subscale (LCS) and the Trial Outcome Index (TOI) of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L) questionnaire. We use...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00477-2

    authors: Cella D,Eton DT,Fairclough DL,Bonomi P,Heyes AE,Silberman C,Wolf MK,Johnson DH

    更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00

  • The "Lost NNT" can be used to represent uncertainty surrounding number needed to treat.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The uncertainty around number needed to treat (NNT) is often represented through a confidence interval (CI). However, it is not clear how the CI can help inform treatment decisions. We developed decision-theoretic measures of uncertainty for the NNT. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We build our argument on the bas...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.01.022

    authors: Sadatsafavi M,Ganjizadeh S,Hatala R,Marra C,FitzGerald M

    更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00

  • Accuracy of blood pressure measurement and anthropometry among volunteer observers in a large community survey.

    abstract::The Busselton Survey is a population survey that is held about every three years. In 1994-1995 a re-survey was held of all past participants and 8,502 attended. Financial constraints precluded employing staff for data collection for blood pressure and anthropometry, these therefore were collected by unpaid lay volunte...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00492-9

    authors: Adams C,Burke V,Beilin LJ

    更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00

  • Malignant neoplasms in the Japanese community of Hisayama: mortality and changing pattern during a 30-year observation period based on a consecutive autopsy series.

    abstract::To obtain a relatively true mortality from malignant neoplasms, we studied the frequency of cancers in the different sites and the changing patterns of the frequency and sites over time among residents of the community of Hisayama, where an autopsy-based population survey (autopsy rate, 80%) has been conducted since 1...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(95)00560-9

    authors: Nomiyama K,Ueda K,Kiyohara Y,Kato I,Ohmura T,Iwamoto H,Nakayama K,Ohmori M,Yoshitake T,Sueishi K,Tsuneyoshi M,Fujishima M

    更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00

  • Rasch analysis informed modifications to the Work Instability Scale for Rheumatoid Arthritis for use in work-related upper limb disorders.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Work Instability Scale for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA-WIS) is a promising prognostic tool for future work disability outcomes. Rasch analysis was conducted to examine the psychometric performance of the RA-WIS in work-related upper limb disorders. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Eligible injured workers (n=396) a...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.02.002

    authors: Tang K,Beaton DE,Gignac MA,Bombardier C

    更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00

  • Single pivotal trials with few corroborating characteristics were used for FDA approval of cancer therapies.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Novel cancer therapies are often approved with evidence from a single pivotal trial alone. There are concerns about the credibility of this evidence. Higher validity may be indicated by five methodological and statistical characteristics of pivotal trial evidence that were described by the U.S....

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.033

    authors: Ladanie A,Speich B,Briel M,Sclafani F,Bucher HC,Agarwal A,Ioannidis JPA,Pereira TV,Kasenda B,Hemkens LG

    更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00

  • Covariate adjustment increased power in randomized controlled trials: an example in traumatic brain injury.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:We aimed to determine to what extent covariate adjustment could affect power in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a heterogeneous population with traumatic brain injury (TBI). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We analyzed 14-day mortality in 9,497 participants in the Corticosteroid Randomization After Significan...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.08.012

    authors: Turner EL,Perel P,Clayton T,Edwards P,Hernández AV,Roberts I,Shakur H,Steyerberg EW,CRASH trial collaborators.

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00

  • Evidence of survival benefit was often ambiguous in randomized trials of cancer treatments.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study is to estimate the proportion of statistically significant survival improvements reported in randomized trials of cancer treatments that are also compatible with a clinically negligible benefit. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:This is a cross-sectional study of reports of randomized clin...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.06.026

    authors: Perneger TV,Brindel P,Combescure C,Gayet-Ageron A

    更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00

  • Subgroup analyses of the major clinical endpoints in the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH): overall mortality, atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (ACHD) mortality, and ACHD mortality or myocardial infarction.

    abstract::The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) was a secondary atherosclerosis intervention trial employing partial ileal bypass surgery as the intervention modality. For this report, we analyzed 105 subgroups in 35 variables in POSCH, chosen predominantly for their potential relationship to the ri...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)00145-g

    authors: Matts JP,Buchwald H,Fitch LL,Campos CT,Varco RL,Campbell GS,Pearce MB,Yellin AE,Smink RD Jr,Sawin HS Jr

    更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00

  • Reducing population stratification bias: stratum matching is better than exposure.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Genetic studies of complex human diseases rely heavily on the epidemiologic association paradigm, particularly the population-based case-control designs. This study aims to compare the matching effectiveness in terms of bias reduction between exposure matching and stratum matching. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:F...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.02.016

    authors: Lee WC,Wang LY

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of education and training interventions on trial recruitment; a systematic review.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of education and training interventions on recruitment to randomized and non-randomized trials. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A systematic review of the effectiveness of education and training interventions for recruiters to trials. The review included ...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.013

    authors: Delaney H,Devane D,Hunter A,Hennessy M,Parker A,Murphy L,Cronin P,Smith V

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • An international survey indicated that unpublished systematic reviews exist.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the frequency of unpublished systematic reviews (SRs) and explore factors contributing to their occurrence. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:First or corresponding authors from a sample of SRs published in 2005 were asked to participate in a 26-item survey administered through the Internet, facsimile, a...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.014

    authors: Tricco AC,Pham B,Brehaut J,Tetroe J,Cappelli M,Hopewell S,Lavis JN,Berlin JA,Moher D

    更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00

  • Estimation of test error rates, disease prevalence and relative risk from misclassified data: a review.

    abstract::We review methods for the analysis of categorical clinical and epidemiological data, in which the observations are subject to misclassification. Under certain conditions, it is possible to estimate error parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, relative risk, or predictive value, even though no definitive classifi...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(88)90110-2

    authors: Walter SD,Irwig LM

    更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00

  • Stratified randomization for clinical trials.

    abstract::Trialists argue about the usefulness of stratified randomization. For investigators designing trials and readers who use them, the argument has created uncertainty regarding the importance of stratification. In this paper, we review stratified randomization to summarize its purpose, indications, accomplishments, and a...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00138-3

    authors: Kernan WN,Viscoli CM,Makuch RW,Brass LM,Horwitz RI

    更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • Testing the equivalence of translations of widely used response choice labels: results from the IQOLA Project. International Quality of Life Assessment.

    abstract::The similarity in meaning assigned to response choice labels from the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36) was evaluated across countries. Convenience samples of judges (range, 10 to 117; median = 48) from 13 countries rated translations of response choice labels, using a variation of the Thurstone method of equal appearing in...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00084-5

    authors: Keller SD,Ware JE Jr,Gandek B,Aaronson NK,Alonso J,Apolone G,Bjorner JB,Brazier J,Bullinger M,Fukuhara S,Kaasa S,Leplège A,Sanson-Fisher RW,Sullivan M,Wood-Dauphinee S

    更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00

  • Use of goal attainment scaling in measuring clinically important change in cognitive rehabilitation patients.

    abstract::Measuring the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation programs poses both conceptual and practical challenges. We compared several standardized outcome measures with goal attainment scaling (GAS) to assess their sensitivity to changes in health status in patients undergoing cognitive rehabilitation. GAS is a measure...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00014-0

    authors: Rockwood K,Joyce B,Stolee P

    更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00

  • Citation bias of hepato-biliary randomized clinical trials.

    abstract::The objective of this study was to assess whether trials with a positive (i.e., statistically significant) outcome are cited more often than negative trials. We reviewed 530 randomized clinical trials on hepato-biliary diseases published in 11 English-language journals indexed in MEDLINE from 1985-1996. From each tria...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00513-3

    authors: Kjaergard LL,Gluud C

    更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00

  • Measuring quality of life in the frail elderly.

    abstract::This study was carried out to develop and test the Geriatric Quality of Life Questionnaire (GQLQ), a health-related qualify of life (HRQL) questionnaire designed for the frail elderly. One hundred patients were asked to identify areas of their daily lives affected by their health. The GQLQ, developed on the basis of t...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90143-o

    authors: Guyatt GH,Eagle DJ,Sackett B,Willan A,Griffith L,McIlroy W,Patterson CJ,Turpie I

    更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00

  • Lack of correlation between clinic and 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure in subjects participating in a therapeutic drug trial.

    abstract::Although previous studies document that blood pressure measured in the clinic may differ significantly from blood pressure recorded over 24 hours, the impact of these differences on patient selection for therapeutic drug trials is unknown. A placebo controlled double-blind evaluation of an experimental antihypertensiv...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(89)90046-2

    authors: Gradman AH,Pangan P,Germain M

    更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00

  • Comorbidity was associated with neurologic and psychiatric diseases: a general practice-based controlled study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively examine comorbidity in unselected cohorts of patients with depression, stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease/parkinsonism (PD/PKM), dementia, migraine, and epilepsy. METHODS:This cross-sectional study used morbidity data recorded by Dutch general practitioners...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.005

    authors: Nuyen J,Schellevis FG,Satariano WA,Spreeuwenberg PM,Birkner MD,van den Bos GA,Groenewegen PP

    更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00

  • Systematic review of the epidemiologic and trial evidence of an association between antidepressant medication and breast cancer.

    abstract::Biologic studies have suggested that antidepressant use may increase breast cancer risk. We conducted a systematic review of trials and controlled epidemiologic studies to assess this association. Pooled data from 31 primary efficacy drug company trials of fluoxetine suggested no increased risk but the short duration ...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00568-1

    authors: Lawlor DA,Jüni P,Ebrahim S,Egger M

    更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of "Rose Questionnaire Angina" to exercise thallium scintigraphy: different findings in males and females.

    abstract::Validation of the London School of Hygiene (Rose) Questionnaire with objective measures of myocardial ischemia is incomplete. Therefore, we compared the Rose Questionnaire with exercise thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy in 147 male and 97 female patients with chest pain referred for clinical exercise testing. Of th...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90048-r

    authors: Garber CE,Carleton RA,Heller GV

    更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00

  • Administrative data measured surgical site infection probability within 30 days of surgery in elderly patients.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:Elderly patients are inordinately affected by surgical site infections (SSIs). This study derived and internally validated a model that used routinely collected health administrative data to measure the probability of SSI in elderly patients within 30 days of surgery. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:All people exc...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.05.010

    authors: van Walraven C,Jackson TD,Daneman N

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • Administrative database code accuracy did not vary notably with changes in disease prevalence.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:Previous mathematical analyses of diagnostic tests based on the categorization of a continuous measure have found that test sensitivity and specificity varies significantly by disease prevalence. This study determined if the accuracy of diagnostic codes varied by disease prevalence. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.05.009

    authors: van Walraven C,English S,Austin PC

    更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00

  • Incremental cost-effectiveness analysis: the optimal strategy depends on the strategy set.

    abstract::Evaluating the incremental cost-effectiveness of a technology is critical to understanding the impact of its adoption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, using a particular example, how the specific alternatives selected for a cost-effectiveness analysis may influence the results of the analysis. In this examp...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00021-9

    authors: Cantor SB,Ganiats TG

    更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00

  • Measuring the impact of trauma care on survival: rates of preventable death, effectiveness, and efficacy.

    abstract::This paper focuses on the appropriateness of outcome measures to evaluate trauma care. The preventable death rate (PDR), based on the study of deceased patients only, has been the traditional measure of the impact of trauma care on improving the survival of patients with severe trauma. Another measure frequently used ...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90125-9

    authors: Salmi LR,Williams JI,Waxweiler RJ

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • Application of competing risks analysis improved prognostic assessment of patients with decompensated chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Kaplan-Meier method may overestimate absolute mortality risk (AMR) in the presence of competing risks. Urgent heart transplantation (UHT) and ventricular assist device implantation (VADi) are important competing events in heart failure. We sought to quantify the extent of bias of the Kaplan-Meier method i...

    journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.07.006

    authors: Scrutinio D,Guida P,Passantino A,Ammirati E,Oliva F,Lagioia R,Frigerio M

    更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00