Abstract:
:To judge the effect on blood pressure, sodium intake of students at two boarding high schools was reduced by 15-20% through changes in food purchasing and in preparation practices in the schools' kitchens. Students were not asked to change their usual eating habits. Each school served alternately as the control or intervention school for one school year. Blood pressure was monitored among 341 subjects during control years and 309 subjects during intervention years. Analysis of blood pressure differences between early in the school year and near the end of the school year, with adjustment for sex and initial blood pressure, showed the effect of the dietary intervention to be -1.7 mmHg for systolic (95% CI = -0.6, -2.9, p = 0.003) and -1.5 mmHg for diastolic pressure (95% CI = -0.6, -2.5, p = 0.002). Such modest and easily attainable changes in sodium intake, if maintained, could have a significant effect on the future risk of essential hypertension among young people.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Ellison RC,Capper AL,Stephenson WP,Goldberg RJ,Hosmer DW Jr,Humphrey KF,Ockene JK,Gamble WJ,Witschi JC,Stare FJdoi
10.1016/0895-4356(89)90056-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-01-01 00:00:00pages
201-8issue
3eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
0895-4356(89)90056-5journal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:We provide a case-cohort approach and show that a full competing risk analysis is feasible even in a reduced data set. Competing events for hospital-acquired infections are death or discharge from the hospital because they preclude the observation of such infections. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Using surveilla...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.11.011
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Complex longitudinal sampling and the observational structure of patient registers in health services research are associated with methodological challenges regarding data management and statistical evaluation. We exemplify common pitfalls and want to stimulate discussions on the design, development, and dep...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.11.001
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:A large number of trials remain difficult to locate or unpublished for systematic reviews. The objective of this article was to determine the usefulness of making e-mail contact with authors of clinical trials and literature reviews found in MEDLINE to identify unpublished or difficult to locat...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.11.022
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the impact of disease and treatment on patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we set out to determine a clinically meaningful change (CMC) on the Lung Cancer Subscale (LCS) and the Trial Outcome Index (TOI) of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L) questionnaire. We use...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00477-2
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The uncertainty around number needed to treat (NNT) is often represented through a confidence interval (CI). However, it is not clear how the CI can help inform treatment decisions. We developed decision-theoretic measures of uncertainty for the NNT. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We build our argument on the bas...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.01.022
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Busselton Survey is a population survey that is held about every three years. In 1994-1995 a re-survey was held of all past participants and 8,502 attended. Financial constraints precluded employing staff for data collection for blood pressure and anthropometry, these therefore were collected by unpaid lay volunte...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00492-9
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To obtain a relatively true mortality from malignant neoplasms, we studied the frequency of cancers in the different sites and the changing patterns of the frequency and sites over time among residents of the community of Hisayama, where an autopsy-based population survey (autopsy rate, 80%) has been conducted since 1...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(95)00560-9
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Work Instability Scale for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA-WIS) is a promising prognostic tool for future work disability outcomes. Rasch analysis was conducted to examine the psychometric performance of the RA-WIS in work-related upper limb disorders. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Eligible injured workers (n=396) a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.02.002
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Novel cancer therapies are often approved with evidence from a single pivotal trial alone. There are concerns about the credibility of this evidence. Higher validity may be indicated by five methodological and statistical characteristics of pivotal trial evidence that were described by the U.S....
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.033
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We aimed to determine to what extent covariate adjustment could affect power in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a heterogeneous population with traumatic brain injury (TBI). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We analyzed 14-day mortality in 9,497 participants in the Corticosteroid Randomization After Significan...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.08.012
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study is to estimate the proportion of statistically significant survival improvements reported in randomized trials of cancer treatments that are also compatible with a clinically negligible benefit. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:This is a cross-sectional study of reports of randomized clin...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.06.026
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) was a secondary atherosclerosis intervention trial employing partial ileal bypass surgery as the intervention modality. For this report, we analyzed 105 subgroups in 35 variables in POSCH, chosen predominantly for their potential relationship to the ri...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)00145-g
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Genetic studies of complex human diseases rely heavily on the epidemiologic association paradigm, particularly the population-based case-control designs. This study aims to compare the matching effectiveness in terms of bias reduction between exposure matching and stratum matching. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:F...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.02.016
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of education and training interventions on recruitment to randomized and non-randomized trials. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A systematic review of the effectiveness of education and training interventions for recruiters to trials. The review included ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.013
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the frequency of unpublished systematic reviews (SRs) and explore factors contributing to their occurrence. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:First or corresponding authors from a sample of SRs published in 2005 were asked to participate in a 26-item survey administered through the Internet, facsimile, a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.014
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review methods for the analysis of categorical clinical and epidemiological data, in which the observations are subject to misclassification. Under certain conditions, it is possible to estimate error parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, relative risk, or predictive value, even though no definitive classifi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(88)90110-2
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trialists argue about the usefulness of stratified randomization. For investigators designing trials and readers who use them, the argument has created uncertainty regarding the importance of stratification. In this paper, we review stratified randomization to summarize its purpose, indications, accomplishments, and a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00138-3
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The similarity in meaning assigned to response choice labels from the SF-36 Health Survey (SF-36) was evaluated across countries. Convenience samples of judges (range, 10 to 117; median = 48) from 13 countries rated translations of response choice labels, using a variation of the Thurstone method of equal appearing in...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00084-5
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measuring the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation programs poses both conceptual and practical challenges. We compared several standardized outcome measures with goal attainment scaling (GAS) to assess their sensitivity to changes in health status in patients undergoing cognitive rehabilitation. GAS is a measure...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00014-0
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to assess whether trials with a positive (i.e., statistically significant) outcome are cited more often than negative trials. We reviewed 530 randomized clinical trials on hepato-biliary diseases published in 11 English-language journals indexed in MEDLINE from 1985-1996. From each tria...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00513-3
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was carried out to develop and test the Geriatric Quality of Life Questionnaire (GQLQ), a health-related qualify of life (HRQL) questionnaire designed for the frail elderly. One hundred patients were asked to identify areas of their daily lives affected by their health. The GQLQ, developed on the basis of t...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90143-o
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although previous studies document that blood pressure measured in the clinic may differ significantly from blood pressure recorded over 24 hours, the impact of these differences on patient selection for therapeutic drug trials is unknown. A placebo controlled double-blind evaluation of an experimental antihypertensiv...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(89)90046-2
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively examine comorbidity in unselected cohorts of patients with depression, stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease/parkinsonism (PD/PKM), dementia, migraine, and epilepsy. METHODS:This cross-sectional study used morbidity data recorded by Dutch general practitioners...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.005
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biologic studies have suggested that antidepressant use may increase breast cancer risk. We conducted a systematic review of trials and controlled epidemiologic studies to assess this association. Pooled data from 31 primary efficacy drug company trials of fluoxetine suggested no increased risk but the short duration ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00568-1
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Validation of the London School of Hygiene (Rose) Questionnaire with objective measures of myocardial ischemia is incomplete. Therefore, we compared the Rose Questionnaire with exercise thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy in 147 male and 97 female patients with chest pain referred for clinical exercise testing. Of th...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90048-r
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Elderly patients are inordinately affected by surgical site infections (SSIs). This study derived and internally validated a model that used routinely collected health administrative data to measure the probability of SSI in elderly patients within 30 days of surgery. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:All people exc...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.05.010
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Previous mathematical analyses of diagnostic tests based on the categorization of a continuous measure have found that test sensitivity and specificity varies significantly by disease prevalence. This study determined if the accuracy of diagnostic codes varied by disease prevalence. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.05.009
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluating the incremental cost-effectiveness of a technology is critical to understanding the impact of its adoption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, using a particular example, how the specific alternatives selected for a cost-effectiveness analysis may influence the results of the analysis. In this examp...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00021-9
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper focuses on the appropriateness of outcome measures to evaluate trauma care. The preventable death rate (PDR), based on the study of deceased patients only, has been the traditional measure of the impact of trauma care on improving the survival of patients with severe trauma. Another measure frequently used ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90125-9
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Kaplan-Meier method may overestimate absolute mortality risk (AMR) in the presence of competing risks. Urgent heart transplantation (UHT) and ventricular assist device implantation (VADi) are important competing events in heart failure. We sought to quantify the extent of bias of the Kaplan-Meier method i...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.07.006
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00