Abstract:
:The Cochrane Qualitative and Implementation Methods Group develops and publishes guidance on the synthesis of qualitative and mixed-method implementation evidence. Choice of appropriate methodologies, methods, and tools is essential when developing a rigorous protocol and conducting the synthesis. Cochrane authors who conduct qualitative evidence syntheses have thus far used a small number of relatively simple methods to address similarly written questions. Cochrane has invested in methodological work to develop new tools and to encourage the production of exemplar reviews to show the value of more innovative methods that address a wider range of questions. In this paper, in the series, we report updated guidance on the selection of tools to assess methodological limitations in qualitative studies and methods to extract and synthesize qualitative evidence. We recommend application of Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Qualitative Reviews to assess confidence in qualitative synthesized findings. This guidance aims to support review authors to undertake a qualitative evidence synthesis that is intended to be integrated subsequently with the findings of one or more Cochrane reviews of the effects of similar interventions. The review of intervention effects may be undertaken concurrently with or separate to the qualitative evidence synthesis. We encourage further development through reflection and formal testing.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Noyes J,Booth A,Flemming K,Garside R,Harden A,Lewin S,Pantoja T,Hannes K,Cargo M,Thomas Jdoi
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.06.020subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-05-01 00:00:00pages
49-58eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895-4356(17)30719-9journal_volume
97pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Sun sensitivity is a major risk factor for melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Several variables have been used in epidemiologic studies to measure sun sensitivity. The present study assesses their validity and combines them to form a prediction rule for an objective measure of sun...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90104-u
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and disability was evaluated in a population of Mexican Americans from the southwest U.S. using data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Among the total sample of persons who completed a clinical examination, 14.6% reported a limitation ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90101-r
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A literature search identified eight articles containing data on both baldness and coronary artery disease (CAD). Three of these articles described case-control studies that showed a positive relationship between baldness and CAD when controlling for CAD risk factors. Three other case-control studies showed no such re...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90026-l
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For deaths during the first 13 years of follow-up of the Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study, an expert committee using numerous medical documents, and a nosologist using only the death certificate independently determined whether colorectal cancer caused the death and, if not, whether the disease was present at deat...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00016-5
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Adding risk factors to a prediction model often increases the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) only slightly, particularly when the AUC of the model was already high. We investigated whether a risk factor that minimally improves the AUC may nevertheless improve the predictive abili...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.07.002
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Procedures for controlling the false positive rate when performing many hypothesis tests are commonplace in health and medical studies. Such procedures, most notably the Bonferroni adjustment, suffer from the problem that error rate control cannot be localized to individual tests, and that these procedures d...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.03.012
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper focuses on the appropriateness of outcome measures to evaluate trauma care. The preventable death rate (PDR), based on the study of deceased patients only, has been the traditional measure of the impact of trauma care on improving the survival of patients with severe trauma. Another measure frequently used ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90125-9
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To develop the first item bank to measure stress resilience (SR) in clinical populations. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Qualitative item development resulted in an initial pool of 131 items covering a broad theoretical SR concept. These items were tested in n = 521 patients at a psychosomatic outpatient clinic. ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.04.004
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:New evidence continues to emerge and requires attention after the release of a clinical practice guideline (CPG). The objective of this article is to describe the Document Assessment and Review (DAR) strategy designed to ensue that the CPGs remain current and their quality maintained and to present the resul...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.06.013
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Indonesian Food and Drug Agency began to evaluate drug applications in the early 1970s through an Advisory Committee. This was in response to the perestroika-like policy applied to our drug industry; nowadays there are more than 300 drug companies formulating some 13,5600 drug products. During 1977-1988, 603 drugs...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90111-l
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Case-mix adjustment is difficult for stroke outcome studies using administrative data. However, relevant prescription, laboratory, procedure, and service claims might be surrogates for stroke severity. This study proposes a method for developing a stroke severity index (SSI) by using administrative data. ST...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.01.009
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We examined whether a breast cancer risk prediction model other than the Gail et al. model performs better at discriminating between women who will and who will not develop the disease. METHODS:We applied the two published versions of the Rosner and Colditz log-incidence model of breast cancer, developed on ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00124-0
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three issues concerning the design and analysis of randomized behavioral intervention studies are illustrated and discussed within the framework of a tobacco and alcohol prevention trial among migrant Latino adolescents. The first issue arises when subjects are randomized in clusters rather than individually. Because ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00012-x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To solicit experiences with and perceptions of rapid reviews from stakeholders, including researchers, policy makers, industry, journal editors, and health care providers. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:An international survey of rapid review producers and modified Delphi. RESULTS:Forty rapid review producers re...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.08.012
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Determining "minimally important change" (MIC) facilitates the interpretation of change scores on multi-item instruments. This article focuses on how MIC values should be interpreted when applied to individual patients. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The MIC value of a hypothetical questionnaire "Q" was determined...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.03.011
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess agreement between parents' proxy reports of children's respiratory-related health service use and administrative data. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A retrospective analysis of statistical agreement between clinical and claims data for reports of physician visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and h...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.02.002
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Hypertension is a risk factor for aortic dissection. Besides hypertension, associated factors for incidence of aortic dissection are not clear. The aim of this study was to examine whether other factors exist by an epidemiologic case-control approach. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:240 consecutive cases suffering ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.09.010
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the reliability of a new medication appropriateness index. Using the index, independent assessments were made of chronic medications taken by 10 ambulatory, elderly male patients by a clinical pharmacist and an internist-geriatrician. Their overall inter-rater agreement for medication appropriaten...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90144-c
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health screening is defined as the use of a test or a series of tests to detect unrecognized health risks or preclinical disease in apparently healthy populations to permit prevention and timely intervention. A health screening strategy consists of the sequence of a screening test, confirmatory test(s), and finally, t...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.009
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortality rates of 22,995 Finnish men aged 25 and over followed up for a median of 12 years were analyzed in relation to body mass index (BMI) at the initial examination. All-cause mortality followed a "U"-shaped distribution, being greatest for the thinnest and fattest men at all ages, or about 1.5-fold for those wit...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(89)90076-0
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the pain decrease considered as clinically relevant when designing a trial and reporting its results. METHODS:A systematic review of the literature in MEDLINE was conducted to select randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with pain as a primary outcome. Data extracted included the definition (terms ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.06.008
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Core outcome set (COS) development often begins with a systematic review to identify outcomes. Reviews frequently show heterogeneity in numbers of outcomes reported across trials. Contributing to this is a lack of a uniform definition for an outcome. This study proposes a first working definition for a uniqu...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.06.016
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this project, we set out to identify ways to increase the uptake of core outcome sets in clinical research. In doing so, we uncovered a growing recognition, across many different health care sectors, of the need for common, relevant outcomes to improve the quality of decision-making. This has led to a plethora of p...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.016
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Two methods for measuring insulin sensitivity, fasting plasma insulin (FPI) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) have been proposed for use in large epidemiological research and clinical practice. This project describes the range of observed values of the HOMA and FPI in a large sample of th...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.05.001
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Network meta-analysis (NMA) may produce more precise estimates of treatment effects than pairwise meta-analysis. We examined the relative contribution of network paths of different lengths to estimates of treatment effects. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We analyzed 213 published NMAs. We categorized network shap...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.04.009
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationships between study quality, author prestige, journal impact factors, and citation rates of trials and to examine whether journal impact factors mediated the relationships between study quality and author prestige on citation rates. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We used bibliometric data fr...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.01.028
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To judge the effect on blood pressure, sodium intake of students at two boarding high schools was reduced by 15-20% through changes in food purchasing and in preparation practices in the schools' kitchens. Students were not asked to change their usual eating habits. Each school served alternately as the control or int...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(89)90056-5
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Kaplan-Meier method may overestimate absolute mortality risk (AMR) in the presence of competing risks. Urgent heart transplantation (UHT) and ventricular assist device implantation (VADi) are important competing events in heart failure. We sought to quantify the extent of bias of the Kaplan-Meier method i...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.07.006
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to determine coronary events in a defined Sudanese population. All coronary events occurring in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, were registered during the calendar year 1989. The cold pursuit method of identifying coronary events by surveillance of routinely collected data was adopted. A total...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(96)00116-3
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:When contamination is present, randomization on a patient level leads to dilution of the treatment effect. The usual solution is to randomize on a cluster level, but at the cost of efficiency and more importantly, this may introduce selection bias. Furthermore, it may slow down recruitment in ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.10.003
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00