Abstract:
:Anti-aromatase agents inhibit the cytochrome p-450 component of the aromatase enzyme complex responsible for the final step of estrogen biosynthesis in peripheral tissues. These drugs can be classified into first-generation (e.g., aminoglutethimide), second-generation (e.g., formestane and fadrazole), and third-generation (e.g., anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) agents. Anti-aromatase agents can also be divided into type I and type II inhibitors. Type I inhibitors have a steroidal structure similar to androgens and inactivate the enzyme irreversibly by blocking the substrate-binding site, and are therefore known as aromatase inactivators. Type II inhibitors are nonsteroidal and their action is reversible. This article reviews the recent evidence regarding the role of third-generation aromatase inhibitors in the management of breast cancer. Relevant PubMed listed articles and presentations at recent international symposia were reviewed. There is a growing body of evidence supporting the role of third-generation aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) as first-line and second-line therapy for estrogen receptor (ER)- and/or progesterone receptor (PgR)-positive advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women, and as a neoadjuvant therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive invasive breast cancer unsuitable for breast-conserving surgery. Furthermore, the preliminary results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone and in Combination) study have shown that adjuvant anastrozole is superior to tamoxifen in terms of disease-free survival (DFS), adverse effects, and prevention of contralateral breast cancer in postmenopausal women with early, ER-positive breast cancer. However, longer follow-up is required to assess the long-term effects of these agents on bone mineral density, cognitive function, and overall survival prior to considering their routine use in the adjuvant setting instead of tamoxifen. The potential role of these drugs in the management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), premenopausal breast cancer, and breast cancer prevention is worth investigating.
journal_name
Int J Clin Oncoljournal_title
International journal of clinical oncologyauthors
Mokbel Kdoi
10.1007/s101470200040subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-10-01 00:00:00pages
279-83issue
5eissn
1341-9625issn
1437-7772journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death in women with gynecological cancer. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis. Currently, surgical tumor debulking followed by chemotherapy based on platinum and taxane is the standard treatment for advanced disease. However, these patients rema...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10147-012-0459-8
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) to detect upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC) compared with pathological examination of tissues obtained by ureteroscopic biopsy and split cytologic analysis of...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-015-0817-4
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) can yield excellent local tumor control, as well as survival benefit comparable to that of surgery for early-stage lung cancer. However, in terms of toxicity, SBRT might lead to fatal radiation pneumonitis. Lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) a...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10147-019-01432-y
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Trachelectomy was developed as a fertility-sparing surgery for early-stage cervical cancer in patients of childbearing age. The purpose of this study is to evaluate oncologic and obstetric outcomes and complications after abdominal trachelectomy. METHODS:We began to perform abdominal trachelectomy in 2005. ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-016-1059-9
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We aimed to determine the frequency of fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) in operated breast cancer patients and to research the relationship between FM and the severity of fatigue and quality of life in these breast cancer patients. METHODS:The demographic data of 101 operated breast cancer patients were recorded....
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-012-0377-9
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains controversial. The purpose of our analysis was to explore the outcome of patients with RCC who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy at our institution. METHODS:We reviewed data on 25 patients who underwent resection of lung metastasi...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-011-0244-0
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Uterine carcinosarcomas (UCSs) are rare and aggressive tumors. The prognostic factors are not sufficiently known. METHODS:We performed a multi-institutional, retrospective study of women with stage I-IV UCS, diagnosed between 2007 and 2012. Data obtained from medical records included demographic, clinicopat...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s10147-015-0859-7
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the predictive value of preoperative hydronephrosis for pathological outcome and prognosis in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with nephroureterectomy. METHODS:167 patients with UTUC treated with nephroureterectomy at our two institutions in Japan between 2002 and 2017 were ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s10147-019-01535-6
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brachytherapy is an important radio-therapeutic modality for a variety of malignancies, including prostate cancer, cervix cancer, breast cancer, vagina cancer, endometrium cancer, head and neck cancer, and many more. This technique has been shown to be an effective and safe non-pharmaceutical treatment with fewer seri...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10147-017-1155-5
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 74-year-old female was referred to our hospital for non-muscle invasive bladder tumors initially treated at another hospital. Preoperatively, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated non-muscle invasive bladder tumors and a vaginal tumor. A second transurethral resection of the bladder tumors,...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-010-0097-y
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The field of immunotherapy has recently focused on cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI). These cancers include both Lynch-syndrome-associated tumors, which are caused by mismatch repair (MMR) germline mutations, and sporadic MSI tumors, which are mainly attributed to MLH1 promoter methylation. The p...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-018-1238-y
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The optimal treatment for elderly patients with glioblastoma has not been established. METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated radiotherapy (45 Gy/15 fr) combined with temozolomide (TMZ) followed by bevacizumab (BEV) salvage treatment in 18 glioblastoma patients aged ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-018-1298-z
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 38-year-old woman underwent mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection for invasive ductal carcinoma with multiple lymph node involvement. The patient received adriamycin 60 mg/m(2) and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m(2) followed by weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m(2) (without interruption) as adjuvant treatment. After receiv...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-006-0578-1
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to identify the role of Bcl-2 protein and adrenomedullin (AM) expression in relation to apoptosis in the neoplastic changes of squamous epithelium of the uterine cervix. METHODS:Apoptosis in sections of normal cervical epithelium, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and i...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s101470300015
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate microvessel density (MVD) as assessed by C-type lectin 14A (CLEC14A), which is a new marker for endothelial cells, and compare its expression to CD31 and CD105 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS:MVD was evaluated in tumors (n = 50) from patients with EOC who...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-016-1033-6
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Irinotecan plus intravenous 5-fluorouracil with leucovorin is effective against gastrointestinal cancer. S-1 is an oral fluoropyrimidine derivative combining tegafur with the modulators 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine (a potent dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inhibitor), and potassium oxonate (an orotate ph...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-003-0359-z
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudoaneurysm complicating osteochondroma is extremely rare. We describe a pseudoaneurysm in the popliteal fossa of a 21-year-old man, occurring 5 years after apparently incomplete resection of an osteochondroma at that site. We found magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography to be of great diagno...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00012084
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Increase of the Ca2+-activated chloride channel TMEM16A is contribute to tumorigenesis. However, the expression level of TMEM16A and its underlying molecular mechanism for TMEM16Apromotingliver carcinogenesis is remains unknown. METHODS:In the present study, the expression of TMEM16A in hepatocellular carci...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-020-01653-6
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although several reports have discussed the potential of the indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence technique, its effectiveness and limitations have not been fully evaluated. For the accurate detection of sentinel lymph node (SLN) in cutaneous melanoma, which can arise in a wide variety of sites throughout th...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-013-0524-y
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a histological subtype of epithelial ovarian carcinoma prevalent in Asians. No clear therapeutic selection based on molecular profile has been implemented for this disease. Oncogenic PIK3CA mutation, which activates the PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, is a promising druggable ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10147-020-01622-z
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Data supporting the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (TPC-IPAA) and total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (TC-IRA) for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are limited. The aim of this study was to clarify the feasibility and m...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s10147-016-0977-x
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:In adjuvant settings of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, anthracycline-based chemotherapy followed by taxane and trastuzumab is a standard regimen. Recent studies have reported the use of anthracycline-free adjuvant chemotherapy in selected HER2-positive breast cancer pati...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-019-01420-2
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 48-year-old woman with small-cell lung cancer received combined chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin (CDDP) and etoposide (Vp-16). Although the gustatory threshold in the glossopharyngeal nerve area was normal (14 dB) before chemotherapy, it rose to 22 dB on day 8 of chemotherapy, and it could not be measured, becau...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s101470200017
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, we found that GISTs expressed KIT, a receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the protooncogene c-kit. We propose that GISTs may originate from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), which are considered to ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/pl00012072
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To evaluate the survival benefit of gemcitabine and paclitaxel (GT) chemotherapy for patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (UC), a retrospective analysis was performed to compare the overall survival in two periods: before (group I) and after (group II) the introduction of GT chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-012-0381-0
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::When total mesorectal excision (TME) is accurately performed, dysfunction, theoretically, does not occur. However, there are differences among individuals in the running patterns and the volumes of nerve fibers, and if obesity or a narrow pelvis is present, nerve identification is difficult. Currently, the rate of uri...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10147-006-0608-z
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) associated with multiple lymphomatous polyposis (MLP) is reported is a 62-year-old woman, with special reference to the patient's clinical features and response to treatment. There were multiple widespread polypoid lesions in the entire gastrointestinal tract, with ileocecal masses...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s101470050012
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alternative anti-androgen therapy (AAT) with flutamide after combined androgen blockade (CAB) therapy with bicalutamide for metastatic prostate cancer is common. However, no studies have compared enzalutamide without AAT with enzalutamide after AAT with flutamide as treatment for castration-resistant prostat...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-019-01413-1
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 32-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed as having stage Ib1 adenocarcinoma by diagnostic laser conization at a local hospital. She was admitted to our hospital for fertility-sparing treatment. A radical trachelectomy (RT) was performed using the laparoscopic vaginal procedure. The procedure was started with a lapar...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-005-0536-3
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) with multiple promoter methylated loci has been observed in a subset of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. CIMP status, which is closely associated with specific clinicopathological and molecular characteristics, is considered a potential predictive biomarker for ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10147-016-1017-6
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00