Abstract：
:The influence of carbohydrate (1 l/h of a 6 % carbohydrate beverage), gender, and age on salivary IgA (sIgA) changes and incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) was studied in 98 runners following two competitive marathon races. The pattern of change in sIgA concentration differed significantly between carbohydrate (C) (N = 48) and placebo (P) (N = 50) groups, with higher post-race values measured in P. However, when this was adjusted for saliva protein concentration and saliva secretion rate, no difference between groups was measured. For all subjects combined, sIgA concentration, saliva IgA: protein ratio (spIgA), and sIgA secretion rates fell significantly (21 %, 31 %, and 25 %, respectively) below pre-race levels by 1,5-h post-race (p < 0.001). The pattern of change in all saliva measures did not differ significantly between the 12 women and 86 men in this study, and between the 23 older (> or =50 yr) and 75 younger (< 50 yr) subjects. Ninety-three subjects returned health/sickness logs, and of these, 16 (17 %) reported developing URTI during the 15-d period following the race event. The 1.5-h post-race spIgA concentration, but not sIgA concentration or secretion rate, was lower in runners reporting URTI compared to those who did not (254 +/- 30 and 388 +/- 26 microg*g(-1), respectively, p = 0.002), and this was negatively correlated with the post-race plasma cortisol concentration (r = -0.36, p < 0.001). Of the 16 runners, six were in the C group and 10 in the P group (Chi square = 1.11, p = 0.293). In conclusion, the output of sIgA decreased in runners following a competitive marathon, and this was not influenced by carbohydrate ingestion, age, or gender.
journal_name
Int J Sports Medjournal_title
International journal of sports medicineauthors
Nieman DC,Henson DA,Fagoaga OR,Utter AC,Vinci DM,Davis JM,Nehlsen-Cannarella SLdoi
10.1055/s-2002-19375subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
69-75issue
1eissn
0172-4622issn
1439-3964journal_volume
23pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:In young elite athletes the influence of a sensorimotor training (SMT = balance training) on strength, jump height and spinal reflex excitability was compared with adaptations induced by strength training (ST). Seventeen athletes were randomly assigned to either a SMT or a ST group. Before and after 6 weeks of trainin...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-2007-964996
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little information exists about the efficacy of various brace designs to restrict inversion during lateral movements. The purpose of the study was to determine whether semi-rigid stirrup (AirCast Sport Stirrup), semi-rigid modified stirrup (Malleoloc), or a soft, sleeve design (Swede-O) brace varied in their abilities...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-971151
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T-lymphocytes were determined by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes in the peripheral blood obtained from 30 healthy aged subjects who were practicing Taichiquan (88 style) exercise and 30 age-matched normal aged who served as a control group. At rest the total number of T-lymphocytes and the number of active T...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and cortisol responses to maximal exercise were examined in 24 adult males (X +/- SD; 22.1 +/- 3.0 yrs) before and after 10 weeks of run training. The subjects performed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (CON; n ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024568
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Muscular deficits in the hip abductors are presumed to be a major factor in the development of Iliotibial Band Syndrome in runners. No definite relationship between muscular weakness of the hip abductors and the development of Iliotibial Band Syndrome or different ratios between hip adduction to abduction have been re...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-989323
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assessed the validity of a photoplethysmographic heart rate (HR) monitor, the Polar OH1 in various sports performed in ecological conditions: running, cycling, soccer, kayaking, walking, tennis and fitness. Seventy trained athletes (56 males, 14 females) wore the Polar OH1 armband and the H7 chest belt duri...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-0875-4033
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the early effects of whole body vibration (WBV) added to hypocaloric diet on insulin-resistance and other parameters associated with glucose regulation in sedentary obese individuals. We randomly assigned 34 patients to WBV plus hypocaloric diet (WBV group) or diet alone (CON group) for 8 weeks. Fastin...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0033-1354358
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:β1-adrenergic receptors (ADRB1) and Gαs proteins (GNAS) play important roles in the regulation of cardiac function. The present study sought to investigate whether ADRB1 Arg389Gly (rs1801253), GNAS -1211 G/A (rs6123837) and GNAS 2291 C/T (rs6026584) variants are associated with left ventricular function and exercise t...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0032-1316365
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To identify the risk factors of injuries in handball, 221 players were followed during one indoor season. The injury incidence was 4.6/1000 playing hours and 11.4/1000 game hours. The upper extremity was involved in 41% of the injuries including 21% finger sprains. Ankle sprains were the most common injury (33%), and ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1025037
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a potential need for the official criterion of testosterone abuse in sport (the urinary concentration ratio of testosterone glucuronide/epitestosterone glucuronide, TG/EG > 6) to be backed-up by some complementary markers, more particularly in cases of physiologically high TG/EG and when there is suspicion of...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972853
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gait retraining is a method for management of patellofemoral pain, which is a common ailment among recreational runners. The present study investigated the effects of gait retraining from rearfoot strike to forefoot strike on running economy, heart rate, and respiratory exchange ratio immediately post-retraining and o...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0043-110225
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this investigation was to identify physiological predictors of maximum treadmill walking performance (MWD) in patients with intermittent claudication. Forty-five claudicants performed a graded treadmill test to determine MWD, peak oxygen uptake, and gas exchange threshold. Calf muscle oxygenation (StO (...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0028-1111110
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) were performed by five male subjects as repeated knee extensions separated by 13-s rest periods for the purposes of studying performance capability, physiologic responses, and recruitment patterns among fast-twitch (FT) and slow-twitch (ST) extrafusal muscle fibers for this type of...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1034593
更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of aero style handlebars has gained popularity in triathlons and individual time trial events recently. The effect of using these handlebars has only been examined during short term exercise. It was the aim of this investigation to compare time to exhaustion and selected measures of ventilation, gas exchange a...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1021013
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 1982 Aberdeen marathon race was held on a cool (12 degrees C) day on a flat, fast course. Fifty-nine of the 750 runners volunteered to take part in this study: rectal temperature of these competitors was measured within 5 min of completing the race. Venous blood samples were obtained before and immediately after t...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1025806
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertension is not uncommon in childhood and adolescence; vascular and renal causes predominate. Non-pharmacologic therapy, including exercise, may lower blood pressure (BP). There are several articles relating to the use of exercise as a therapy for high BP. Most of these show a beneficial effect. The "dose" of exer...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1055/s-2000-8497
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was: i) to compute an energy balance of a slalom kayak competition by measuring the percentage contributions of the aerobic and anaerobic energy sources to total metabolic power (E(tot)); and ii) to compare these data with those obtained, on the same subjects, over a flat-water course covered at ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2005-865922
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The principal aim of our study was the determination of the effectiveness of a standardized ratio, allometric scaling model and a gamma function model in normalizing the isometric torque data of spinal cord patients and healthy subjects. For this purpose we studied a sample of 21 healthy males and 23 spinal cord injur...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0032-1301889
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The circulation of blood during upright exercise involves a two-pump system, a central cardiac pump and a peripheral pump responsible for systemic venous return. Axiomatically, the function of the two pumps must be equal, and certain evidence suggests that the peripheral pump may "drive" the circulation during exercis...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1055/s-2001-18526
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement in body composition measurements of wheelchair athletes using skinfolds, bio-impedance analysis (BIA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) relative to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). A secondary objective was to develop new skinfold prediction equatio...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0042-104061
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:500 and 69 male former elite athletes and 319 male controls completed a health questionnaire in 1985 and in 1995. Register data on the subjects were also collected. Subjects were aged 65 years or less and had no history of hypertension in 1985, and they had been healthy at the age of 20 years. The athletes were groupe...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2002-23176
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aims to investigate the relationship between subjective and external measures of load in professional youth football players whilst accounting for the effect of training theme or competition. Data from ratings of perceived exertion and global positioning system-derived measures of external training load wer...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-1300-2959
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compared the bowel function, fecal hemoglobin (Hb) loss, iron status and diets of 36 women of varying activity levels. In addition, we examined the effect of a marathon race on bowel function and fecal Hb loss in 15 of these women. The subjects were divided into 4 groups based on estimated daily exercise en...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024663
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) administration on energy metabolism during exercise. Specifically, the contribution of anaerobic (glycogen) metabolism during exercise was evaluated. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to an experimental [rHuE...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-971919
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This investigation evaluated the effects of beverage carbonation and carbohydrate (CHO) content on fluid replacement following exercise/thermal dehydration. On four occasions separated by at least 7 days, eight healthy men cycled at 50% of VO2max in a hot environmental chamber (40 degrees C, 40% relative humidity) unt...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1021268
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood pressure (BP) assessment during resistance exercise can be useful to avoid high BP, reducing cardiovascular risk, especially in hypertensive individuals. However, non-invasive accurate technique for this purpose is not available. The aim of this study was to compare finger photoplethysmographic (FPP) and intra-a...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0030-1252054
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of physical activity (PA) on bioenergetic characteristics were studied in 53 prepubertal boys. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max; direct method), maximal anaerobic power (Pmax, force-velocity test), and mean power in 30 s (P30s, Wingate test) were compared (mean +/- SD) in three groups of boys of the same...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1021208
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leukocytosis was postulated to accompany short- and medium-length exercise; in this report, we have studied the changes in leukocyte count during and following prolonged exercise. White blood cell (WBC) counts were obtained in 15 endurance-trained subjects before, during, and at a recovery period after an ultralong ex...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1025664
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The energy cost of the forms of locomotion discussed throughout this article is summarized in Table 9. This table, as well as the preceding sections of this article, are designed to provide a rather comprehensive and simple set of information for potential readers: medical doctors, who should be able to prescribe to t...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1025736
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cross-sectional studies provide evidence of larger cardiac dimensions and mass in endurance trained than in untrained females. Much less is known regarding adaptations in cardiac function following training in untrained subjects. We aimed to study left ventricular (LV) adaptation to indoor cycling in previously untrai...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0043-112341
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
