Abstract：
:The energy cost of the forms of locomotion discussed throughout this article is summarized in Table 9. This table, as well as the preceding sections of this article, are designed to provide a rather comprehensive and simple set of information for potential readers: medical doctors, who should be able to prescribe to their patients (obese, hypertensive, cardiac, etc.) the correct amount and type of exercise, thus making use of exercise as of any other drug, of which it is imperative to know posology and contraindications; athletes, trainers, and sportsmen in general, who should gear correctly their diet to the type and amount of physical exercise; physical educators, who should be aware of the specific characteristics of the exercise modes they propose to their pupils, as a function of their sex, age, and athletic capacity. However, besides these practical applications, the notions discussed throughout this article bear also a more general interest. Indeed, they allow a better understanding of the motion of man, that is, of the only machine, which besides moving about, also tries to understand how he does it.
journal_name
Int J Sports Medjournal_title
International journal of sports medicineauthors
di Prampero PEdoi
10.1055/s-2008-1025736subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-04-01 00:00:00pages
55-72issue
2eissn
0172-4622issn
1439-3964journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Secretory IgA (S-IgA) levels in stimulated salvia were measured before and after a maximal treadmill test in a population of 175 young adults (84 men, 91 women). Habitual physical activity levels of this population were measured by a standardized interview, and scores were obtained for the amount of time and intensity...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1025024
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to compare Anaerobic Work Capacity (AWC) measured on an isoinertial or an isokinetic bicycle ergometer. Twelve male participants completed two randomly ordered exercise testing sessions including a torque-velocity test followed by a 30-s all-out test on an isokinetic ergometer, or a force...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0029-1233466
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nutrition of 57 native Bolivian boys living at high altitude (HA) in La Paz (+/- 4000 m) and of 63 boys living at low altitude (LA) in St. Cruz (+/- 400 m) is described. The dietary information was obtained with a 24-h recall method, by interviewing the child and mother. The food items are listed in household meas...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1021121
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The peripheral adaptation process associated with repeating eccentric training over a longer period of time was studied in m. vastus lateralis of eleven healthy males aged 24 +/- 4 years. The maximal dynamic concentric muscle strength was only slightly improved after 8 weeks of training. However, eccentric work capaci...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2008-1026031
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to: (1) verify the aerobic requirement (AR) of bench stepping (BS); (2) determine the effect of leg length (LL), bench height (BH), stepping rate (SR), body weight (BW), and fat free mass (FFM) on the AR of BS; and (3) compare the HR and VO2 of BS with treadmill walking/running (TM). Twen...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1021156
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assessed the validity of a photoplethysmographic heart rate (HR) monitor, the Polar OH1 in various sports performed in ecological conditions: running, cycling, soccer, kayaking, walking, tennis and fitness. Seventy trained athletes (56 males, 14 females) wore the Polar OH1 armband and the H7 chest belt duri...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-0875-4033
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to assess the hypothesis that water intake will accelerate cardiac vagal reactivation after a single session of upper-body resistance exercise. 13 healthy men (26.5±5.9 years) with previous experience in resistance training were enrolled. In visits 1 and 2, participants performed the one-repe...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0034-1389971
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether increase in step frequency at a given velocity during running reduces the lower extremity loading variables, which is associated with tibial stress fracture in runner. We hypothesized that the lower extremity loading variables at a given speed would be minimize...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0031-1291232
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation plays a role in the development of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Habitual endurance exercise training reduces the risk of CV disease in part through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of age, endurance training status, and their...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0032-1316317
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to establish if provision of CHO altered the mucosal immune and salivary cortisol responses to intermittent exercise in the heat. In a double-blind design, 10 males undertook soccer-specific intermittent exercise on a motorized treadmill on 2 occasions, each over 90 min and separated by 1...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0031-1271698
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed at investigating to what extent sauna-induced dehydration is effective to rapidly decrease body weight and whether this practice alters strength and/or explosive power (jump capacity) in healthy athletes. We also investigated whether the observed changes could be rapidly reversed through rehydration. ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2003-42017
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe the metabolic changes in the blood that appeared during a maximal 400-m swimming test in 7 male swimmers by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR spectrometry). A 400-m test (255.9 +/- 6.8 s) was performed during which stroke frequency and time to complete each pool distance were recorded. In thre...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2003-40707
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to examine body composition using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in male and female NCAA Division I collegiate basketball athletes. Two-hundred ten (male [M]/female [F]=88/122) basketball athletes' total and regional fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral density, and visceral adipose tissue were measured...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-1073-7941
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Considerable interindividual variation in the response of blood pressure to exercise has been found. In this study the response of systolic blood pressure during a progressive maximal bicycle ergometer test was investigated in 747 physically active male subjects over age of 40 years with normal, borderline elevated, a...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1025042
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ActiPed (FitLinxx) is a uniaxial accelerometer, which objectively measures physical activity, uploads the data wirelessly to a website, allowing participants and researchers to view activity levels remotely. The aim was to validate ActiPed's step count, distance travelled and activity time against direct observati...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0032-1323723
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose was to analyze the influence of oral contraceptive use on body composition and strength levels in trained women. Twenty-three resistance-trained women participated in this study (age=27.4±3.4 years; fat mass=28.0±5.0%; BMI=22.9±2.7 kg∙m-2). Subjects performed an 8-week non-linear resistance-training progra...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-0985-4373
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During an overhead throw, the gluteal muscle group stabilizes the lumbopelvic-hip complex (LPHC), leading to efficient energy transfer from the lower to upper extremity. It has been shown that LPHC instability can lead to throwing pathomechanics. The single leg squat has become a common assessment for LPHC stability, ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/a-0577-3722
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been recently suggested that high and sustained lactate levels may elicit increases in peripheral B-EN concentrations (16). We have observed elevated and sustained lactate concentrations in response to a low-volume resistive exercise protocol (14) that were similar to those from other exercise protocols that pr...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-972801
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Total body water (TBW) and water turnover rates (WTR) of six competitive male cyclists (CG) and six age-matched sedentary men (SG) were determined using deuterium oxide dilution and elimination. During the 7 day study, individuals in the CG cycled daily outside on average 50 (range 12-146) km at an average speed of 29...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2001-15912
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise induced proteinuria is a common phenomenon in high performance sports. Based on the appearance of so called "effort urines" in routine doping analysis the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of exercise induced proteinuria on IEF profiles and SDS-PAGE relative mobility values (rMVs) of endo...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-0030-1249083
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The shock-absorbing characteristics of the heel pad in vivo were examined in adults (N = 16) and 7-year-old children (N = 5) using a drop-impact tester (wt = 5 kg). Impact velocities were 0.72 m/s and 0.93 m/s. It was found that in adults the average peak deceleration was 11.6 G at an impact velocity of 0.93 m/s. The ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1021184
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recompression during decompression has been suggested to possibly reduce the risk of decompression sickness (DCS). The main objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of FLIRT (First Line Intermittent Recompression Technique) on bubble detection in man. 29 divers underwent 2 simulated dives in a dry...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0032-1306328
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within a 3-year period, from 1980 to 1982, 1124 sports injuries of children aged 6-15 years were treated in the Turku University Central Hospital casualty department. Two-thirds (69%) of the injuries were sustained by boys. Sports injuries represented 21% of the diagnoses related to accidents in this age group. Half o...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024879
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To assess the effect of dietary manipulation on gross efficiency (GE), 15 trained male cyclists completed 3×2 h tests at submaximal exercise intensity (60% Maximal Minute Power). Using a randomized, crossover design participants consumed an isoenergetic diet (~4 000 kcal.day-1) in the 3 days preceding each test, that ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0033-1348254
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine electromyographic changes of the agonist and antagonist muscles during fatigue. Nine healthy, untrained subjects exerted a maximum voluntary heel lifting contraction with their dominant limb. The EMG activity over the soleus and the tibialis anterior muscles was recorded during...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2002-29079
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study compared the bowel function, fecal hemoglobin (Hb) loss, iron status and diets of 36 women of varying activity levels. In addition, we examined the effect of a marathon race on bowel function and fecal Hb loss in 15 of these women. The subjects were divided into 4 groups based on estimated daily exercise en...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024663
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The O2 equivalent of lactic acid accumulation in blood was estimated from data on ten subjects acclimatized to altitudes up to 6500 m in the course of a Mt. Everest expedition. The calculated value of the O2 equivalent of La by standard least squares regression was 2.07 +/- 0.4 l O2 for a rise of blood lactic acid con...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2007-1024850
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effects of an 8-week (aerobic+strength) exercise training program (3 sessions/week) on the circulating cytokine levels of breast cancer survivors. We randomly allocated 16 female survivors of breast cancer (mean±SD age: 50±5 years) to an intervention...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1055/s-0031-1271697
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plantar fascial disorder is comprised of plantar fasciitis and plantar fibromatosis. Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain, especially for athletes involved in running and jumping sports. Plantar fibromatosis is a rare fibrous hyperproliferation of the deep connective tissue of the foot. To identify ...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1055/s-0044-100280
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors present dermatological signs in: a) rhythmic gymnastics athletes, b) male artistic gymnastics athletes, compared to a control group of fitness athletes. Athletes from the artistic gymnastics group were observed twice. The signs they showed on their first examination (20 days previous to the competition) we...
journal_title：International journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1055/s-2004-815714
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
