Abstract：
:The stratum corneum forms the outermost layer of the skin and is essentially a multilamellar lipid milieu punctuated by protein-filled corneocytes that augment membrane integrity and significantly increase membrane tortuosity. The lipophilic character of the stratum corneum, coupled with its intrinsic tortuosity, ensure that it almost always provides the principal barrier to the entry of drug molecules into the organism; the only exceptions being highly lipophilic species which might encounter problems at the stratum corneum-viable epidermis interface where they must partition into a predominantly aqueous environment. Drugs can be administered either as suspensions or as solutions and the formulation can range in complexity from a gel or an ointment to a multilayer transdermal patch. In this review we describe the theoretical principles used to describe transdermal release and we show that relatively simple membrane transport models based on the appropriate solution to Fick's second law of diffusion can be used to explain drug release kinetics into this complex biological membrane.
journal_name
Adv Drug Deliv Revjournal_title
Advanced drug delivery reviewsauthors
Kalia YN,Guy RHdoi
10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00113-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-06-11 00:00:00pages
159-72issue
2-3eissn
0169-409Xissn
1872-8294pii
S0169-409X(01)00113-2journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The choroid plexuses (CPs) are leaf-like highly vascular structures laying in the ventricles. The main function of choroid plexuses is the production of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although CPs have a unique distribution of ion transporters/channels, the mechanism of CSF production is similar to the production of f...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2004.07.005
更新日期：2004-10-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this review is to summarize the critical steps in intracellular trafficking and the principal factors involved in transgene expression by a comparison of viral and non-viral gene vectors. Intracellular trafficking of viral and non-viral gene vectors are reviewed kinetically as well as from the mechani...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00216-2
更新日期：2001-11-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by progressive cyst growth and is a leading cause of renal failure worldwide. Currently, there are limited therapeutic options available to PKD patients, and only one drug, tolvaptan, has been FDA-approved to slow cyst progression. Similar to other small molecule drugs,...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.011
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood contact with biomaterials triggers activation of multiple reactive mechanisms that can impair the performance of implantable medical devices and potentially cause serious adverse clinical events. This includes thrombosis and thromboembolic complications due to activation of platelets and the coagulation cascade,...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2016.12.002
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In its 33 years, ADDR has published regularly on the po5tential of oral delivery of biologics especially peptides and proteins. In the intervening period, analysis of the preclinical and clinical trial failures of many purported platform technologies has led to reflection on the true status of the field and reigning i...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2020.05.007
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PEGylation is a clinically proven strategy for increasing the therapeutic efficacy of protein-based medicines. Our approach to site-specific PEGylation exploits the thiol selective chemistry of the two cysteine sulfur atoms from an accessible disulfide. It involves two key steps: (1) disulfide reduction to release the...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2007.06.014
更新日期：2008-01-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunotherapy has been widely explored for applications to both augment and suppress intrinsic host immunity. Clinical achievements have seen a number of immunotherapeutic drugs displace established strategies like chemotherapy in treating immune-associated diseases. However, single drug approaches modulating an indiv...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.013
更新日期：2017-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) traverse the membrane of biological cells at low micromolar concentrations and are able to take various cargo molecules along with. Despite large differences in their chemical structure, CPPs share the structural similarity of a high cationic charge density. This property confers to th...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.005
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transdermal and rectal routes of drugs are very important as a useful supplement of oral routes and the direct exposing method of drugs when the systemic and local effects are required. The widespread use of parent cyclodextrins (CDs) and chemically modified CD derivatives (CD derivatives) for in-vitro and in-vivo der...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(98)00056-8
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the drug development process, it remains a difficult task to regulate the entry of the drugs. However, recent progress in studies of the transporter-mediated influx and efflux of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including synthetic drugs, across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is beginning to provide a rational ba...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(98)00084-2
更新日期：1999-04-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) is a therapeutic strategy which aims to improve the selectivity of anticancer drugs. ADEPT is a two-step antibody targeting system that has benefits over a one-step chemo-, toxin- or radioimmunoconjugate. The basic principles of ADEPT are discussed alongside the require...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(97)00032-x
更新日期：1997-07-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The delivery of biologics is an important component in the treatment of osteoarthritis and the functional restoration of articular cartilage. Numerous factors have been implicated in the cartilage repair process, but the uncontrolled delivery of these factors may not only reduce their full reparative potential but can...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.006
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin heralded an age of antibiotic development and healthcare advances that are premised on the ability to prevent and treat bacterial infections both safely and effectively. The resultant evolution of antimicrobial resistant mechanisms and spread of bacteria bearing these geneti...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2014.08.003
更新日期：2014-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:miRNA-based technologies provide attractive tools for several liver tissue engineering approaches. Herein, we review the current state of miRNA applications in liver tissue engineering. Several miRNAs have been implicated in hepatic disease and proper hepatocyte function. However, the clinical translation of these fin...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2015.06.005
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effective delivery of antigens via the oral route is an extremely desirable goal. Mucosal delivery of antigens stimulates mucosal and systemic immunity without affecting maternal antibodies and reduces the need for sterile needles or trained personnel. To date, there are very few commercially available oral vaccin...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2004.09.009
更新日期：2005-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The novel corona virus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread throughout the globe at a formidable speed, causing tens of millions of cases and more than one million deaths in less than a year of its report in December 2019. Since then, companies and research institutions have r...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.008
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Efflux out of cells by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) represents a serious liability for pharmaceuticals, particularly for anti-cancer drugs. Consequently, identification of compounds as potential substrates is important for understanding their bioavailability. Also, the development of agents which reverse this multi-drug resi...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00006-6
更新日期：2002-03-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Human genome sequencing revealed that only ~1.5% of the DNA sequence coded for proteins. More and more evidence has uncovered that a substantial part of the 98.5% so-called "junk" DNAs actually code for noncoding RNAs. Two milestones, chemical drugs and protein drugs, have already appeared in the history of drug devel...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.006
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular imaging is an emerging technology that allows the visualization of interactions between molecular probes and biological targets. Molecules that either direct or are subject to homeostatic controls in biological systems could be labeled with the appropriate radioisotopes for the quantitative measurement of se...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2010.09.007
更新日期：2010-08-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The administration of radiolabeled compounds with gamma-emitting radionuclides allows real time pursuit of in vivo behavior of the compounds by external counting of the radioactivity. If the compounds possess a specific localization mechanism to target tissue, the image reflects the specific function of the target. Th...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(98)00102-1
更新日期：1999-04-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Nucleic acids have gained a lot of interest for the treatment of ocular diseases. The first to enter in clinic has been Vitravene an antisense oligonucleotide for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and more recently, research on aptamers have led to the marketing of anti-vascular endothelial growth facto...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2006.07.020
更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular processes depend on the fidelity of intracellular membrane traffic. Lipids, proteins, receptor ligands and solute molecules are trafficked to distinct compartments within the cell through both the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways. An appreciation of these pathways is vital for a complete understanding of i...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2004.05.003
更新日期：2005-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug failure due to toxicity indicators remains among the primary reasons for staggering drug attrition rates during clinical studies and post-marketing surveillance. Broader validation and use of next-generation 3-D improved cell culture models are expected to improve predictive power and effectiveness of drug toxico...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2014.02.008
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cellular membrane constitutes an effective barrier that offers protection for the complex, yet highly ordered, intracellular environment that defines the cell. Passage of molecules across this barrier is highly regulated and highly restricted, with molecular size being the most significant criteria. Over the last ...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2007.03.004
更新日期：2007-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Unraveling the mechanisms of nanoparticle transport across the intestinal barrier is essential for designing more efficient nanoparticles for oral administration. The physicochemical parameters of the nanoparticles (e.g., size, surface charge, chemical composition) dictate nanoparticle fate across the intestinal barri...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.014
更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Whereas in vivo studies represent the most crucial test for any nasal drug application or formulation, mechanistic aspects of nasal absorption may be more clearly approached by well defined and controlled in vitro studies. In this review the progress of nasal in vitro models to investigate drug permeation and metaboli...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-409x(97)00061-6
更新日期：1998-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most common diseases, accounting for about 90% of all hearing loss. Leading causes of SNHL include advanced age, ototoxic medications, noise exposure, inherited and autoimmune disorders. Most of SNHL is irreversible and managed with hearing aids or cochlear implants. Alt...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.004
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanomedicine, which is an application of nanotechnologies in healthcare is developed to improve the treatments and lives of patients suffering from a range of disorders and to increase the successes of drug candidates. Within the nanotechnology universe, the remarkable unique and tunable properties of dendrimers have ...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2017.11.007
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bioprinted skin tissue has the potential for aiding drug screening, formulation development, clinical transplantation, chemical and cosmetic testing, as well as basic research. Limitations of conventional skin tissue engineering approaches have driven the development of biomimetic skin equivalent via 3D bioprinting. A...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.016
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thioredoxin 1 (Trx 1) is a redox-active small protein ubiquitously present in human body. It is one of the defensive proteins induced in response to various stress conditions. In addition to its anti-oxidative effect by dithiol-disulfide exchange in its active site, Trx 1 has anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effec...
journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.addr.2009.01.003
更新日期：2009-04-28 00:00:00
